Why has January been so rainy?

Barra Best and Catherine MooreBBC News NI
News imagePacemaker Sheep in a field flooded with water. They are standing on a tiny patch of grass by the edge of the waterPacemaker
Northern Ireland as a whole has seen 64% more rain than normal in January

January was wet. Very wet. Unless you were on holiday for the entire month, you probably already know that.

In fact, up until 09:00 BST on Friday, the weather station in Katesbridge, County Down, had recorded more than 3.5 times the amount of rain it normally gets in January.

Northern Ireland as a whole has seen 64% more rain than normal.

County Down has been the wettest county overall in January, with more than double its normal rainfall.

Fermanagh, which is normally one of our wettest counties, was the driest - but still with above average rain.

These figures do not take into account the amount of rain that fell on Friday and over the weekend.

'A real shock'

News imageSophie Ingram Sophie is standing in a garden with a hedge behind her and a stone wall to her right. She is standing on damaged linoleum floors which have been removed from her shop due to storm damage. She is looking at the camera and has long brown hair. She has a purple scarf, a black jacket and black skinny jeans.Sophie Ingram
Sophie Ingram's gift shop flooded in Storm Chandra

The Department for Infrastructure said 943 incidents were recorded during Storm Chandra on Tuesday, including 343 reports of obstructions and 570 reports of flooding.

Gift shop owner Sophie Ingram, who was one of those affected walked down to the lower floor of her shop in Dromore, County Down, and stepped into about two inches of water.

"It just came in, it went up to almost knee high within a very short space of time," she said.

The shop is situated beside a river.

News imageSophie Ingram A shop that is completely flooded. Brown water fills the floor space and the shop shelves are full of small gifts such as picture frames and cards. The shop counter, which is painted cream, is on the right of the image and also has gifts - including a vase of sunflowers - sitting on it.Sophie Ingram
There have been many offer from the community to help in the repairs, which Ingram is heartened by

Ingram said it was "a real shock" but they managed to save most stock, moving items of furniture upstairs and into a store.

The shop will need redecorated - but they have had many messages and offers of help.

"I didn't know I was going to get through it but it's really helped, the thought that people care," she said.

Storm Chandra school closures

News imageRachel Taylor Rachel is on the left of the image wearing a red jumper, she has long brown hair. Beside her is a small boy with light brown hair wearing a white T-shirt and beside him is an older girl with a brown ponytail wearing a khaki raincoat over a cream fairisle sweater. On the right is a man with grey/brown hair wearing a dark jacket over a grey polo shirt.Rachel Taylor
Teacher Rachel and her children were off school on Tuesday

More than 350 schools closed as a result of Storm Chandra.

Teacher Rachel, from Crossnacreevy, County Down, was off - as were her two children, Ava, nine, and James, five.

She said she felt there had been more frequent school closures recently.

"The school I worked in previously was in the country and we never closed in rain or hail. It felt like we were always open," she said.

"I work in a school in east Belfast now and we have had a couple of closures in the past couple of years."

She said school closures could be difficult for parents, who may be juggling working and looking after children.

"Those children will inevitably get plopped in front of screens as parents try and work from home. It's not ideal," she said.

Rachel said closures could be frustrating as exam classes lose time - and even missing "one or two" makes a difference.

But for the kids, the day off was fun.

"The primary school sent some work home for them," Rachel said.

"It was nice for them to be in their pyjamas, make pancakes and get baths in the middle of the day."

News imageWilliam Fisher An aerial shot of a cricket field that is totally covered in flood water. It is surrounded by roads on each side - on the road on the right are new red brick detached house. On the other sides are trees - a mixture of evergreen and deciduous. William Fisher
Donacloney Mill Cricket Club in County Armagh flooded on Tuesday

Timothy McClure, the treasurer of Donacloney Mill Cricket Club in County Armagh, which was badly flooded said the river banks "burst at both sides of the ground and the ground, pavilion and tool sheds were completely under water".

"It probably was four to six feet deep round the whole ground," he said.

Club members have not yet been able to access the sheds to assess the damage, and are waiting to hear whether they are covered by insurance.

"At the end of every season we spend a significant amount of money getting our ground set down for the winter - about £3,000 - I would say there'll be significant damage there so that money could be potentially wasted," he said.

The club's pavilion is a listed building which is "expensive" to do work on and money earmarked for renovations will now have to be used for repairs.

"Our big concern is is this going to happen again if we get another deluge of rain over the next few weeks," Timothy said.

News imageWilliam Fisher The pavilion building is red brick and has green trimmings and door. The flood water is high along the front of the building.William Fisher
The club's pavilion is a listed building

Why has it been so wet?

According to Aidan McGivern from the Met Office, the prolonged wet weather has been driven by a powerful and unusually positioned jet stream, repeatedly bringing Atlantic storms towards Ireland and the UK.

"With little opportunity for drier conditions in-between, the ground has become saturated, so even moderate rainfall has had a greater impact," he said.

The Met Office said several large scale weather factors have combined to create the unsettled conditions.

Very cold air over North America has increased the temperature contrast across the Atlantic Ocean, helping to strengthen the jet stream.

Normally, the jet stream tends to guide storms between Scotland and Iceland but this winter it has shifted further south, pushing low pressure systems directly towards the south west of Ireland and the UK.

McGivern said cold air and higher pressure to the north east "have acted as a block", which is why "repeated spells of heavy rain" have arrived in the west and south.

News imageBBC Weather Watcher Steve Haslett An aerial view of fields that are submerged by a river that has burst its banks. A main road runs through the centre of the image looking towards a town in the distance and hills in the far distance.BBC Weather Watcher Steve Haslett
Flooded fields, Limavady

Wet all over Ireland

In the Republic of Ireland it is a similar story, but again some areas have been wetter than others.

Weather stations at Dublin Airport and Phoenix Park in Dublin have both recorded their wettest January since 1948.

A study carried out between Maynooth University and Met Éireann found that the amount of rain over eight days, including during Storm Chandra, was three times more likely due to climate change.

News imageWeather Watcher Stephen Wright a seafront walk, with typical seafront buildings and benches, but the railings are draped with seaweed and the path and car park are covered in seaweed which has been blown up from the beach as the result of stormy weather. The sky is grey and the sea is grey and choppy.Weather Watcher Stephen Wright
Stormy conditions on Friday caused seaweed and more to be washed ashore at Whitehead in County Antrim
News imageWeather watcher Stephen Wright a pile of seaweed and two dead white octopuses lying on the pavementWeather watcher Stephen Wright
These octopuses were washed up on the seafront at Whitehead