The rituals were conducted by the emperor and Shinto priests - the main religion of Japan - wearing traditional robes.
AFP
The king had to report his abdication plans to his mythological ancestors, including the sun goddess.
Reuters
In his final public address, broadcast live on TV, he said: "I am deeply grateful for the people that accepted me as a symbol and supported me."
Getty Images
Many people gathered outside the palace buildings in Tokyo to try to catch a glimpse of events.
Reuters
Akihito has redefined the role during his three-decades on the throne, making close contact with the people which has made him a highly popular figure.
Getty Images
The vast majority of Japanese people sympathise with the emperor's desire to retire.
AFP
The abdication is seen as a festive affair, with Japan enjoying an unprecedented 10-day public holiday.