Dabaru takwas na samun tsawon rai

Najeriya na daga cikin ƙasashen da mutanenta suka fi ƙarancin tsawon rai, kamar yadda rahoto ya bayyana.

Baya ga Najeriya, ƙasashe da dama na Afirka, kudu da hamadar Sahara na cikin wannan jeri: kamar Chadi, Sudan ta Kudu, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso da kuma Somalia.

A irin waɗannan ƙasashe adadin shekarun rayuwar a'ummarsu kan kama ne daga 61.3 zuwa 54.6 ya zuwa shekara ta 2025.

A ɗaya ɓangaren kuwa ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da mutanensu suka fi tsawon rai ita ce Monaco da ke nahiyar Turai, inda mutanenta ke da matsakaicin tsawon rai na shekara 86.5 zuwa 88.6.

Akwai irin su San Merino da Hong Kong da Japan da Koriya ta Kudu da Switzerland da kuma Italiya, wadanda su ma al'ummunsu ke yin tsawon rai.

Ƙasar Singapore tana cikin ƙasashen da mutanenta ke yin tsawon rai, ita ma. Kuma wani muhimmin abu shi ne tana daga cikin ƙasashe ƙalilan waɗanda suka samu sauyi sosai cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci game da tsawon ran al'ummarsu.

A shekarar 1960, ana sa ran jaririn da aka haifa a Singapore zai yi rayuwa ta kimanin shekara 65. To sai dai a yanzu, jaririn da aka haifa a ƙasar ana sa ran zai yi shekara 86 a duniya.

Bugu da ƙari yawan mutanen da ke yin tsawon rai har shekara 100 ya nunka tsakanin shekara ta 2010 zuwa 2020.

Wannan ya sanya daga shekara ta 2023 ake sanya Singapore a cikin jerin ƙasashen da al'ummarta ke yin tsawon rai a duniya.

Ta yaya Singapore ta iya sauya tsawon rayuwar al'ummarta?

Ƙarin tsawon rai da aka samu tsakanin al'ummar Singapore ya ta'allaka ne kan manufofin da gwamnatin ƙasar ta samar da kuma ɓangarorin da ta bunƙasa.

BBC ta tattauna da yan ƙasar Singapore domin gano yadda manufofin gwamnati suka ƙara musu lafiya da kuma tsawon rai.

Sauya tsarin rayuwa

Gwamnatin Singapore ta fito da tsare-tsare wadanda suka yi tasiri ga lafiya da kuma zamantakewar al'ummarta.

"Kasancewa ta a wannan ƙasa, na ga sauye-sauye da dama kan yadda ake faɗakar da al'umma game da kiwon lafiya," in ji Firdaus Syazwani, wani ɗan Singapore mai bayar da shawara kan harkokin kuɗi.

"Tsawwala haraji kan taba sigari da barasa, tare da ƙaƙaba haramci kan shan taba a cikin al'umma, ba kawai sun ƙara wa al'umma lafiya ba ne, sun kuma ƙara janyo al'umma tare da tabbatar da tsafta.

"Yanzu ba sauran shan taba barkatai!"

Sai dai ya ce ya ji mamakin yadda aka ayyana Singapore cikin ƙasashen da suke rayuwa mai tsafta da ke haifar da tsawon rai ganin yadda al'ummar ƙasar ke shan sukari da gishiri sosai, sannan kuma abincinsu da dama na ƙunshe man kwakwa.

Amma a cewarsa, a yanzu abin yana sauyawa a hankali, sanadiyyar manufofin gwamnati.

"Ganin yadda mutane ke zambaɗa sanadaran ɗanɗano cikin abinci, hukumar bunƙasa lafiya ta Singapore ta ƙaddamar da wata yeƙuwa ta faɗakar da mutane kan rage zambaɗa kayan girki a cikin abinci, tare da ƙarfafa musu gwiwar cin abinci mai lafiya," in ji shi.

Ya kuma ce dokar da gwamnati ta kawo wadda ke buƙatar kamfanoni su sanya bayanai dalla-dalla kan abubuwan da ƙe ƙunshe a cikin duk wani abincin da aka sarrafa ta taimaka.

Samar da wuraren hutawa

Baya ga bunƙasa kiwon lafiya, gwamnatin Singapore ta kuma samar da tsare-tsaren da suka taimaka wajen ganin al'ummar ƙasar sun yi rayuwa mai inganci.

Yin kyakkyawan tsari a ɓangaren sufuri ya ƙarfafa wa al'umma gwiwa wajen ganin suna taka sayyada da kuma motsa jiki a kullum.

Haka nan mayar da hankalin da gwamnatin ta yi wajen tabbatar da tsaftar muhalli da ƙawata garuruwa ya samar da natsuwa a zukatan al'umma.

"Matakin gwamnati na samar da lambuna da wuraren hutawa a tsarin birane ya sanya ana wa garuruwan ƙasar taken birane masu lambu," in ji Charu Kokate, ma'aikacin wani kamfanin tsara birane.

"Hukumar tsara birane ta Singapore ta yi ƙoƙari sosai wajen tsara yadda ake amfani da filaye ta yadda aka saƙala wuraren da ake shuka furanni da kuma samar da wuraren hutawa," in ji Kokate, wanda ya shafe sama da shekara 15 yana rayuwa a Singapore.

Dabarun yin tsawon rai

Ƙarfafa zumunci da ƴan'uwa da maƙwafta: Ware ingantaccen lokaci domin kasancewa tare da iyali da abokai da kuma maƙwafta abu ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci. Yana da kyau ka kasance kana cuɗanya da al'umma.

Ƙulla sabuwar abota: Idan mutanen da kake shiri da su suna raguwa, ko a sanadiyyar rasuwa ko kuma sauya muhalli, akwai bukatar ƙa ƙara ƙaimi wajen ganin ka samu sabbin abokai, in ji ƙwararriya kan tunanin ɗan'adam, Julianne Holt-Lundstad.

Daidaita abinci: "Kada mutum ya zama acici, mai yawan ciye-ciye domin kada mutum ya yi ƙiba da yawa," in ji farfesa Linda Partridge, malama a jami'ar University College da ke Landan.

Lura da sinadarin gina jiki: Linda ta bayar da shawarar cewa "kada mutum ya ci abinci abinci mai sanadarin gina jiki da yawa, sai dai idan mutum ya fara tsufa zai iya cin irin wannan abincin domin kauce wa raunin tsokar jiki."

Rage shan gishiri ko sukari da yawa: "A kauce wa yawan cin abincin gwangwani waɗanda su ne suka fi yawan irin wadannan sanadarai. Yawan cin abu mai sukari da yawa zai iya ƙara hatsarin kamuwa da cutukan zuciya da kuma na hanyoyin tace abinci."

Cin ƴaƴan itatuwa: Ya kamata mutum ya ci ƙoshiya biyar na ƴaƴan itatuwa a rana", in ji Kay Tee Khaw, malama a Jami'ar Cambridge.

Motsa gaɓoɓin jiki: "Ya kamata mutum ya yi duk wani abu da zai ƙara gudun bugun zuciyarsa sannan ya sanya huhun mutum ya riƙa ɗagawa. Wannan shi ne motsa gaɓoɓi," in ji Farfesa Janet Lord, malama a jami'ar Birmingham da ke Birtaniya. "Ka riƙa yin zufa sannan zuciyarka ta buga da sauri". Sau nawa ya kamata a motsa jiki? Ya kamata mutum ya motsa jiki na tsawon minti 150 a mako.

A guje wa yawan zama: Ya kamata mutum ya lura da yawan lokacin da yake kwashewa a zaune, wannan labarin ba zai yi wa ma'aikatan ofis dadi ba. "Idan ka zauna na tsawon sa'a ɗaya ko biyu ka yi watsi da tasirin motsa jikin da ka yi. Zama tamkar shan taba ne."