Uganda: Shugaban da ya soki masu maƙalewa a mulki, amma yake neman wa'adi na 7

Ƴan Uganda ƴan ƙasa da shekara 40 da haihuwa- wanda su ne kusan kashi uku bisa huɗu na al'ummar ƙasar - shugaban ƙasa ɗaya kacal suka sani.

Yoweri Museveni ya hau kan karagar mulki ne a shekara ta 1986 bayan an tayar da ƙayar baya da aka yi da makamai, kuma yayin da yake shekara 81 da haihuwa, bai nuna alamun haƙura ba.

Zamansa a kan karagar mulki ya zo daidai da tsawon lokaci da aka samu na zaman lafiya da ci gaba mai muhimmanci, wanda mutane da yawa ke alfahari da shi. Sai dai masu sukarsa sun ce ya ci gaba da riƙe madafun iko ta hanyar raunata ƴan adawa da kuma gurgunta ƴancin hukumomi masu zaman kansu.

"Ba mu amince da tsarin ƙayyade wa'adin shugaban ƙasa ba," kamar yadda ya taɓa shaida wa BBC, bayan ya lashe zaɓe karo na biyar.

Shekara guda bayan haka, an cire ƙayyade shekarun haihuwar ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa - wanda hakan ya ba da damar, kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka yi imani, don Museveni ya zama shugaban ƙasa har abada.

Tafiyar Museveni ta fara ne a shekarar 1944, lokacin da aka haife shi a cikin dangin makiyaya a garin Ankole da ke yammacin Uganda.

Ya zo ne a lokacin gwagwarmayar neman ƴancin kan Uganda daga Birtaniya, wanda bayan hakan ne aka samu wani lokaci da ya ke tattare da zalunci da tashin hankali a ƙarƙashin Milton Obote da Idi Amin.

Museveni ya kwashe shekaru da dama bai san ranar haihuwarsa ba, ya rubuta a cikin tarihinsa cewa: "Muna fuskantar ƙalubalen da ke barazana ga rayuwa kamar kisan gilla da satar dukiyar jama'a… ba mu da lokacin damuwa da batun cikakkun bayanai kamarsu ranar haihuwa."

A cikin 1967, Museveni ya bar Uganda don halartar Jami'ar Dar es Salaam da ke makwabciyarsu Tanzania. A can ya karanci ilmin tattalin arziki da kimiyyar siyasa tare da ƙulla ƙawance da dalibai masu fafutukar siyasa daga sassa daban-daban na yankin.

Sunan Museveni ya samu karɓuwa a shekarun 1970, bayan juyin mulkin da Idi Amin ya jagoranta.

Museveni ya taimaka wajen kafa Front for National Salvation - ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƴan tawayen da suka samu taimakon Tanzaniya wurin koran Amin. Amin ya yi ƙaurin suna wajen murƙushe ƴan adawa da korar al'ummar Asiya da ke zama a ƙasar. A ƙarƙashin mulkinsa na shekaru takwas an ƙiyasta cewa a kashe mutane 400,000.

"Ya kasance mai hannu a tsarin mulkin mallaka," Museveni ya shaida wa Global Indian Network a wata hira da aka yi da shi a baya-bayan nan. "Idi Amin ya kasance jahili... ɗan son zuciya".

Bayan faɗuwar Amin, tsohon shugaban ƙasar Milton Obote ya hau kan karagar mulki bayan ani yi zaɓe. Sai dai Museveni ya ƙi amincewa da shugabancin Obote, yana mai cewa an tafka maguɗi a zaɓen.

Ya ƙaddamar da wani yaƙin sunƙuru a shekarar 1981 kuma bayan shekaru biyar, ƙungiyarsa ta ƴan tawaye, National Resistance Movement (NRM), ta ƙwace mulki, kuma Museveni ya zama shugaba.

Tattalin arzikin Uganda ya fara bunƙasa a hankali kuma cikin shekara 10, ƙasar ta samu ci gaban tattalin arziki na fiye da kashi 6 cikin 100. Adadin masu shiga makarantun firamare ya ruɓanya sannan adadin cutar HIV ya ragu saboda yaƙin da ake yi da cutar a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Shugaban ƙasa.

Museveni ya kasasnce wanda ƙasashen yammacin duniya ke matuƙar so, amma sunansa ya yi kaca-kaca a shekarar 1998, lokacin da Uganda da Rwanda suka mamaye makwabciyarta Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango domin marawa ƴan tawayen da ke fafutukar kifar da gwamnati baya.

A daidai wannan lokacin, masu suka kuma sun yi ƙorafin cewa shugaban ya kasa jurewa ra'ayoyin adawa. A lokacin ne kuma aka fara la'akari da cewa ba shi da niyyar miƙa mulki.

A cikin wasu tarin rubuce-rubucen da ya yi a 1986, Museveni ya ce, : "Matsalar Afirka, musamman Uganda, ba al'umma ba ne, amma shugabanni ne da ke son ci gaba da zama kan karagar mulki."

Sai dai a shekara ta 2005 da alama ra'ayinsa ya sauya, kuma aka yi wa kundin tsarin mulkin Uganda gyaran fuska, inda aka cire iyakar da aka yi kan wa'adi nawa shugaban ƙasa zai yi.

A shekarar 2017, an kuma kawar da ƙayyade shekarun ƴan takarar shugaban ƙasa - matakin da ya kai ga kaurewar rikici a zauren majalisar dokokin ƙasar, inda ƴan majalisar suka bai wa hammata iska.

Museveni ya kuma fuskanci zarge-zargen cewa ya raunana ƴancin cin gashin kan manyan cibiyoyin gwamnatin ƙasar.

Musamman ma, ana zargin hukumar shari'a ta Uganda da ɗaukar alkalai da ake yiwa kallon ƴan amshin shatan gwamnati.

A duk lokacin da alƙalai suka yi adawa da gwamnati, a wasu lokutan su kan yi taho mu gana da hukuma.

Alal misali, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2005, jami'an tsaro ɗauke da makamai sun kai samame babban kotun da ke Kampala babban birnin ƙasar, inda suka sake kama wasu ƴan ƙungiyar da ake zargin ƴan tawaye ne ni kaɗan bayan an wanke su daga zargin cin amanar ƙasa.

Kafofin yaɗa labarai kuma sun fuskanci barazana. A ido, Uganda tana da ingantaciyar masana'antar watsa labarai, amma an kai hari kan kafofin yaɗa labarai da dama tare da tsare ƴan jarida.

Ana dai ganin wani abu daya da ya taimakawa Museveni wurin dadewa a kan karagar mulki shi ne yadda ya ke taka wa ƴan adawa birki.

Lokacin da ya tabbata cewa Museveni bai yi niyyar barin mulki ba, wasu tsoffin abokansa sun fara ɓallewa. Kuma yayin da suka yi haka, sai jami'an tsaro suka karkata akalarsu garesu.

Kizza Besigye na jam'iyyar adawa ta Forum for Democratic Change, wanda ya taɓa zama likitan Museveni, ya fara takara da shugaban ne a shekara ta 2001. Tun daga lokacin, an kama shi a lokuta da dama tare kuma da gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu. A shekarar 2024, ya yi ɓatan dabo a Nairobi, sai dai bayan kwanaki huɗu ya bayyana a wata kotun sojan Uganda. Har yanzu yana garƙame a gidan yari inda ake zarginsa da laifin cin amanar kasa. Zargin da ya daɗe yana musantawa.

Shahararren .mawaƙin da ya rikiɗe ya zama ɗan siyasa Bobi Wine shi ne ɗan adawa na baya-bayan nan na Museveni da ya fuskanci fushin hukuma.

An kama madugun ƴan adawar mai shekaru 43, wanda ke jan hankalin matasa masu tarin yawa, an daure shi an kuma tuhume shi da laifukan da suka haɗa da cin amanar ƙasa. Zarge-zargen da daga baya aka yi watsi da su.

A cikin 2021 ƴan sanda sun sanyawa Bobi Wine da magoya bayansa hayaki mai sa hawaye daga bisani kuma suka harbe shi bisa zargi ya bijirewa takunkumin Koronavirus kan gudanar da manyan taruka.

Rahoton na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce, a lokacin yakin neman zabe da ake yi a halin yanzu, jami'an tsaro sun yi amfani da "bindigogi da harsasai na gaske wajen tarwatsa masu gudanar da tarukan lumana" tare da yin awon gaba da ƴan jam'iyyar adawa a cikin motocin da ba su da wata alamar zama ta hukuma.

A cikin wannan yanayi, Museveni ya shaida wa jama'a cewa "soja ɗaya na ɗauke da harsashi 120". Sai dai kuma ya umurci ƴan sanda da kada su lakaɗa wa magoya bayan ƴan adawa duka, sai dai su yi amfani da hayaƙi mai sa hawaye a maimakon haka.

Magoya bayan Museveni na nuni da irin kwanciyar hankalin da Uganda ta samu cikin shekaru da dama da ya kwashe yana mulki.

Emmanuel Lumala Dombo, kakakin jam'iyyar NRM, ya yi nuni da cewa, sama da mutane miliyan 1.7 ne suka yi hijira zuwa ƙasar Uganda, bayan da suka gujewa tashe tashen hankula a ƙasashensu.

"Shekaru arba'in da suka wuce, muna cikin manyan masu fitar da ƴan gudun hijira a cikin ƙasashen da suka kewaye mu," Dombo ya shaida wa BBC. "A yanzu haka Uganda ce ke karɓar ƴan gudun hijira mafi yawa a Afirka."

Wani magoyin bayan Museveni wanda aka yi kiciɓis da shi a wani taron Bobi Wine, sjhi ma yana da irin wannan ra'ayin.

Ndyasima Patrick ya shaida wa BBC cewa zai zaɓi Museveni ne saboda "ya kwashe shekaru da dama ya na kiyaye rayukanmu".

Ya kuma mutunta shekarun Museveni inda ya ce yana gani sai Bobi Wine ya kai kamar shekara 50 da haihuwa kafin ya shirya zama shugaban Uganda.

A baya-bayan nan dai gwamnatin Museveni na ƙarfafa gwiwar masu zuba jari daga ƙasashen waje, inda ta ƙulla yarjejeniyoyi da ƙasashen China da Birtaniya da kuma Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Ya ce yana son Uganda ta zama ƙasa mai matsakaicin ƙarfin tattalin arziki nan da shekarar 2040.

Yayin da Museveni ke ƙara shekaru, masu suka suna fargabar cewa yana mai da ƙasar ta zama kamar kayan gadon danginsa.

Sun yi nuni da cewa uwargidan shugaban ƙasar, Janet, ita ce ministar ilimi kuma ɗansa, Janar Muhoozi Kainerugaba shi ne shugaban sojoji.

Jam'iyyar NRM dai ba ta ce komai ba game da yadda za ta tafiyar da batun wandea zai gaji Museveni ba, sai dai raɗe-raɗin cewa Gen Kainerugaba mai shekaru 51 zai hau karagar mulki sun fara bazuwa ƙamari.

Idan har hakan ya tabbata, hakan na iya kawo cikas ga kwanciyar hankalin da Museveni ya gada. Gen Kainerugaba ya yi fice wurin nuna rashin mutunci musamman a shafukan sada zumunta. Ya yi amfani da X wajen ba'a game da mamaye Kenya, ya kuma tsokani Habasha ta hanyar mara wa Masar baya a lokacin taƙaddamar da ke tsakanin ƙasashen biyu, sannan ya amince da tsare mai gadin Bobi Wine a cikin gidansa.

A halin yanzu dai, yayin da ya ke da gogewar kusan shekaru arba'in a tare da shi, Museveni na da ƙwarin gwiwar cewa zai samu nasara a karo na bakwai.

"Uganda tana da tsaro. Ku fita ku kaɗa ƙuri'a," kamar yadda ya shaida wa jama'a yayin jawabin jajiberin sabuwar shekara. "Ba za a iya dakatar da NRM na Uganda ba."