Yadda ƴan ci-rani ke faɗawa teku daga cikin kwale-kwale suna tunanin sun kai gaɓa

Ba ka jin komai sai karar ruwan da ke bugun ƙaramin kwale-kwalen katakon, yanayi ne mai ban tsoro, ga tsananin sanyi, ba ka jin komai sai kuka ga kuma wari...

Wahalhalun da ke tattare da tafiya zuwa tsibirin Canary, wani abu ne da Aboubacar Drame ba zai taɓa mantawa da shi ba na tsawon shekaru masu zuwa.

Ɗaruruwan matasa ne ke barin gaɓar tekun Afirka zuwa Sifaniya don neman abin da suka yi imani da shi a matsayin burin rayuwar Turai.

Aboubacar Drame yana ɗaya daga cikinsu. Yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal ya bar yankin Kayes, da ke yammacin Mali, ya hau jirgin ruwa a Mauritania. Bayan kwana huɗu ya isa Gran Canarias.

Ya yi sa'a ya samu ya isa wurin. Mutane da yawa suna rasa rayukansu. A cikin rabin farkon wannan shekara kaɗai, mutane 778 ne suka mutu ko kuma suka ɓace a yunkurinsu na isa gaɓar tekun Canary, a cewar alƙaluman ƙungiyar Caminando Fronteras, da ke sa ido a yankin sama da shekaru 20.

“Tafiyar mu a teku ta ɗauki kwanaki uku. Mun isa a cikin kwana na huɗu. A koyaushe ina cewa idan har ya wuce kwana na huɗu shine lokacin ne za a fara fuskantar haɗura masu yawa. "Mun yi sa'a," Drame ya tuna a wata hirar bidiyo da ya yi da BBC Mundo game da balaguron da ya yi a shekara ta 2006, shekarar da gwamnati ta bayyana a matsayin "rikicin kwalekwale," mai kama da wadda dubban mutane ke yi a halin yanzu.

“Mafi muni shi ne lokacin faɗuwar rana. Anan mutane suna cewa: 'Ku dubi faɗuwar rana, abin da ke da kyau', amma a gare mu har yanzu abin takaici ne, domin yana nufin lokacin ne dare da duhu da wahala da sanyi za su fara," in ji shi.

“Wannan shi ne lokaci mafi haɗari a gare ni, lokacin da rana ke faɗuwa. Da daddare ya fi sanyi kuma tekun kamar ya fi bugawa. Ba ka barci duk nisan tafiyar. Duk ana makale da juna. Na tuna da warin, da amai. Yana da matukar wahala, da gaske. Yanayin cikin kwale-kwalen na da matukar tsauri kuma kwanaki huɗu ne kawai."

Tafiyar da Drame ya yi ya faru ne a cikin wani mummunan rikicin shige da fice kamar wanda muke fuskanta a yanzu.

Yayin da bakin haure sama da 7,500 suka sauka a cikin watan Oktoba kaɗai, Tsibirin Canary na shirin keta wannan adadin.

Akwai wasu mutane 19 tare da shi. A al'ada, pateras - sunan da ake kiran ƙananan kwale-kwalen da ke jigilar 'yan ci-rani - yawanci suna ɗaukar mutane 30 zuwa 50.

A nasa ɓangaren ya tafi da mutane kaɗan domin a lokacin da rukunin farko suka shiga jirgin jami’an tsaron teku sun bayyana sai ya kama hanya da waɗanda ke cikin jirgin a wannan lokacin.

"Kasancewa a cikin Tekun Atlantika yana da matukar wahala," in ji Drame, wanda ya yi gaba ɗaya tafiyar ba tare da ya ci ko ya sha ba.

“Mun iso a gajiye. Ka yi tunanin kwanaki huɗu na tafiya ga rashin lafiya da wasu abubuwa. Kuna fitsari da bahaya a cikin jirgin ruwan da ku ke kwana, wani ƙaramin kwale-kwalen da ya ke cike da mutane," in ji shi lokacin da yake waiwaye. “Tsofoffi suna kuka, suna addu’a, kamar za su yi hauka. "Su ne lamarin yafi yi ma muni."

“A kowanne lokacin muna kan kwalfe ruwan da ya kwararo cikin kwale-kwalen. "Kullum ku na jike, da kafafunku tsundume a cikin ruwa," yayi cikakken bayani game da yanayin da ya haifar da raunuka a jikinsa, wani abu wanda, tare da konewa da dukar rana, ya zama ruwan dare.

A wasu lokutan rashin ruwan sha da abinci yakan sa su sha ruwan teku. Silvia Cruz Orán, ƙwararriya, ta bayyana wa BBC Mundo cewa: “Ɓangarorin jikinsu na fara lalacewa kuma a wasu lokuta sukan shiga wani yanayi na ɗimuwa ta yadda wasu suka yi tsalle daga jirgin suna tunanin sun isa gaɓar teku amma sun nutse.

Game da Drame, sun sami nasarar shawo kan matsalar injin, sun yi yini guda ba tare da sun yi amfani da na'urar GPS kafin su sami isa gaɓar. Kwale-kwale da dama sukan ɓace sakamakon lalacewan na'ura, rashin man fetur ko kuma lalacewan jiragen.

A cewar Caminando Fronteras, tsakanin 2018 zuwa 2022 kaɗai, jiragen ruwa 244 ne suka ɓace gaba ɗaya.

Kakakin Caminando Fronteras, Helena Maleno, ta shaida wa BBC Mundo cewa "A yanzu hanyar Atlantic ita ce hanya mafi haɗari a duk duniya."

Alƙalumansu sun ɗan ɗara na Hukumar Kula da Hijira ta Duniya (IOM) ta tattara saboda Caminando Fronteras ya dogara ne akan matakai na farko.

Daga Shirin Bacewar Bakin Haure na Hukumar Kula da Hijira ta Duniya (IOM), akwai mutane 422 da suka mutu ko suka ɓace ya zuwa yanzu, ya ƙaru da kashi 21% idan aka kwatanta da daidai lokacin na shekarar 2022.

"Yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa wannan adadi an dai kintata ne kawai. Mun yi imanin cewa akwai haɗuran jiragen ruwa fiye da yadda aka rubuta saboda yana da matukar wahala a sami tabbacin asalin abubuwan da suka faru a wannan hanya saboda ƙarancin hanyoyin samun bayanai da kuma ƙalubalen lissafa abubuwan da ake kira tarkacen jirgin da ba a iya gani," IOM suka tabbatar ma BBC Mundo.

Tare da wannan bayanan, Drame yana sane da yadda ya yi sa'a. "Akwai mutanen da suna kallo mutane suka mutu a cikin jirgin ruwansu, mu ba mu ga haka ba, mun yi sa'a," in ji shi.

Ya biya Yuro 700 jimilla. "Yawancin 'yan siyasa suna magana game da masu safaran mutane kamar akwai babban gungun masu aikata laifi a bayansu, amma a cikin ƙwarewata, sau da yawa fasinjojin kansu ne ke tuntuɓar wanda ya san inda zai sayi jirgin ruwa," in ji shi.

Ya ƙara da cewa “Sau da yawa waɗanda ke sarrafa kwale-kwalen masunta ne da suka kwashe shekaru suna tuƙa jiragen ruwa. An gaya musu cewa za su iya yin tafiya kyauta a madadin ɗaukar jirgin ruwan,” .

“Suna nutsewa kamar buhun dankali”

Ba shi kaɗai ne mai ƙarancin shekaru ba a tafiyar, abin da babu shi ne mace. “Yana da wuya mata su kasance a cikin kwale-kwalen da suka tashi daga Mauritania,” in ji Drame, wanda kamar sauran mutane da yawa ba su iya ninƙaya ba ba, abin da bai hana ta shiga cikin jirgin ruwa ba.

“Mun kwashe shekaru da yawa muna ceto mutane, amma dole ne mu tuna cewa yawanci mutane ne da ba su iya ninƙaya ba kuma galibi suna da kaurin jiki fiye da ta Bature don haka suna nitsewa ƙasa, ku gafarci wannan misalin, kamar buhun dankali, wato, ba za su iya riƙe kansu a saman ruwan ba," Manuel Barroso, shugaban Cibiyar Bayar da Agajin Ruwa ta Kasa, ya shaida wa BBC Mundo.

"Kun san cewa lokacin da mutum ya faɗa cikin ruwa, ko dai ku cece shi ko kuma ku rasa shi," in ji Barroso.

“Da zaran mun sanya ƙafarmu cikin ruwa kowa na cikin haɗari. Yanayi da yanayin jirgin ruwan, da yawan mutanen da ke cikin jirgin… komai yana tasiri a kan tafiyar,” in ji Barroso.

“Tekun Atlantika budadden teku ne. Lokacin da kuka bar gaɓar tekun Afirka kuna samun yanayin teku, mai zurfi, tare da manyan igiyoyin ruwa. Wuri ne mai rikitarwa. Haɗarin yana ɓoye a kowane lokaci, ”in ji Barroso.

Ta haka ne Tekun Atlantika ya zama kaman wani babban maƙabarta saboda wahalar tantance adadin mutanen da suka ɓace a cikinsa waɗanda kuma gawarwakinsu ba z su taɓa bayyana ba.

"A cikin alƙalumman da aka tattara daga 2021 zuwa 2023 adadin waɗanda suka mutu da ko kuma suka ɓace, kashi 86% bacewa ska yi, wato gawarwakin da ba a gano ba," a cewan Cruz Orán.

Don guje wa bala'o'i, sama da ma'aikatan ceto na ruwa 300 ne suke aikin ceto a tsibirn Canary kaɗai.

Tare da taimakon jami'an tsaron teku 10 da jiragen ruwan zamani dauke da ma'aikata uku ko huɗu - wani nau'in jirgin ruwa mai girma da ya fi na masu tsaron teku da jiragen ruwa guda biyu da jirage masu saukar ungulu biyu da wani jirgin bincike sun yi ƙoƙarin gano jiragen ruwa 'yan ci-ranin da zaran sun sami rahotanni. Wannan aiki ne mai matuƙar wahala saboda girman yankin da suke bincikawa.

"Dole ne a ko da yaushe mu yi la'akari da cewa wannan ba kamar bincike ne a cikin ƙaramin fili ba. Muna magana kan wani katafaren yanki ne,” in ji Barroso. "Ka yi tunanin cewa kana cikin motarka a wani wuri a cikin yanki da girmansa ya ninka Sifaniya sau uku kuma a hakan dole ne mu nemo ka."

Dangane da bayanan da aka tattara kamar lokacin tashi da nau'in jirgin ruwa da ƙarfin inji, da sauransu, zaku iya rage faɗin wurin da ake gudanar da aikin neman kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin gano jirgin.

"Lokacin ceto, lokaci ne mai mahimmanci, mai mahimmanci wanda ya dogara da yanayin da mutanen da ke jirgin ke ciki. Ana yawan samun masu rikicewa, sai kowa ya ya taru a gefe ɗaya, sai kwale-kwalen ya kife kuma dole ne mu yi ƙoƙarin fitar da mutane 80 ko 50 daga cikin ruwa a cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci kafin su nitse ƙasa,” in ji Barroso.