Urugendo rwa Biden muri Angola rufise intumbero yo kwerekana ingene agerageza guhangana n'Ubushinwa

Joe Biden yatanguye urugendo rwiwe rwari rumaze igihe kirekire rwitezwe muri Afrika yo munsi ya Sahara nk’umukuru w’igihugu ca Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, gusa rukaba rubaye hasanzwe hari amakenga mu migenderanire hagati ya Amerika na Afrika muri kazoza, mu gihe Donald Trump ariko yitegurira kumusubirira muri Nzero (1).

Urugendo rwa Biden muri iki gihugu ca Angola gitunze igitoro rushaka kwerekana ingene Amerika iriko igerageza kwibanda cane cane ku budandaji n'ibikorwa remezo, mu vyo bamwe mu bihweza ibintu n'ibindi babona ko ari inzira itaziguye yo guhangara igihagararo Ubushinwa bufise kuri uno mugabane.

Edmilson Angelo , umuhinga w'umunya-Angola, yabwiye BBC ati: "Ni ubugeni nyabwo burondera inyungu".

Kubona Biden ahitamwo Angola ni ikintu gikomeye - ni we mukuru w'igihugu wa mbere wa Amerika agendeye iki gihugu, ikimenyetso gikomeye cerekana ko imigenderanire hagati y'ibi bihugu vyompi yateye imbere.

Igihe yaronka intahe y'ukwikukira mu 1975 yiganzuye Portugal, Angola yaciye yiheka ku Bushinwa n'Uburusiya, ariko kuva ashitse ku butegetsi mu 2017, Perezida João Lourenço yaciye atangura kugiriranira ubucuti bwa hafi na Amerika.

Biden azoshira ahabona umugambi wiwe nyamukuru mu karere - ibarabara ry'indarayi ry'ibirometero 1344, rizofatanya ibirombe vy'ubutare bwa cobalt, lithium n'umujumpu muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (DR Congo), akarere kimbwamwo ubutare bw'umujumpu muri Zambia, n'igisagara ca Lobito gifise ikivuko ku nkengera y'ibahari Atalantike.

Hampande y'igitoro, Angola iratunze kandi amabuye y'agaciro, harimwo cobalt na lithium, ubutare nkenerwa mu guhingura amabateri y'imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba.

Mu gihe uzoba uhejeje kwubakwa, umuhora wa Lobito uzofasha kwunguruza ubu butare kirumara ubuvana mu turere dutunze amabuye y'agaciro ukazobushikana i Bulaya no muri Amerika.

Ku rubuga rwawo, ikigo Lobito Corridor Investment Promotion Authority (IPA), kivuga ko umugambi wa Amerika ari mahitamwo ya mbere atanzwe na Amerika hampande y'umugambi w'Ubushinwa uzwi nka Belt and Road Initiative, ufise intego yo kwubaka amabarabara y'ubudandaji atari make mu ntumbero yo gufatanya ibihugu bitari bike vya Afrika n'ahandi, n'iki gihugu rutura co muri Aziya.

Biden agize uru rugendo mu mpera z'ubutegetsi bwiwe, bikaba bitazwi neza nimba ubwa Trump buzobandanya uno mugambi.

Dr Vines abona ko "ushobora kubandanya ku ntwaro ya Trump kuko intego yawo nyamukuru ari uguhangana n'Ubushinwa".

Hagati aho, yerekana ko yaba Uburengero canke Ubushinwa, impande zompi zizoshobora gukoresha uno muhora, ibi bigashobora gutuma agaciro kawo katabonwa neza na Trump, umukuru w'igihugu ca Amerika ashobora kuzorondera ko ubutegetsi bwiwe buhangana n'Ubushinwa ku rugero runini".

Lourenço avuga ko afise icizere ko ubutegetsi bwa Trump buzokorera kuri uno mugambi.

Imbere y'uru rugendo rwa Biden, yabwiye ikinyamakuru New York Times ati: "Ubutegetsi buraza bukabisa ubundi, rero ico twiteguriye ni ugukorana n'abo bazoba bari ku butegetsi".

Umuhora wa Lobito (Lobito Corridor) ni umugambi rusangi hagati y'ibi bihugu bitatu vya Afrika, Amerika, ibihugu bindi vya G7 (umurwi w'ibihugu indwi bitunze kurusha ibindi kw'isi) hamwe n'abanyamitahe bigenga.

Helaina Matza, umuhuzabikorwa mfatakibanza w’uno mugambi mu bushikiranganji bwa Amerika bujejwe imigenderanire, agira ati: “Turafise umugambi rusangi w’ibihugu vya G7 wo gufasha kw’isi yose, w'amadolari 600 ya Amerika n'ayarenga – gushika mu 2027.”

Lourenço yarashigikira uno mugambi, agakuraho impungenge z’uko bwoba ari uburyo bwo kwiba ubutunzi kama bwa Afrika nko mu gihe c'ubukoloni.

Yabwiye New York Times ati: "Uno musi, iyo dushoye ubutare hanze, tubushora ku nyungu z'ibihugu vya Afrika, ibi bikaba bitandukanye n'ingene vyari bimeze mu gihe c'ubukoloni aho bwacukurwa abasangwabutaka bacu batagishijwe inama".

Ariko ibihugu vyinshi vyo muri Afrika biriko birihweza ingene vyogabanya ibishorwa hanze bidahinguwe mu ntumbero yo guteza imbere amahinguriro yavyo.

Anthony Carroll, umuhinga mu bijanye n'amabuye y'agaciro mu kigo Institute of Peace co muri Amerika, avuga ko ari nka hamwe ibi vyoshika, vyoshobora gutuma ingaruka zitezwe kuri uno muhora zihungabana.

Afise icizere ko ubutare bwinshi bw'umujumpu muri DR congo no muri Zambia buzotuma Umuhora wa Lobito ubandanya kubera buronderwa cane kw'isi.

Avuga ko n'ubutare bwa lithium na cobalt na bwo nyene buronderwa cane.

Ikigo Geological Survey co muri Amerika kivuga ko DR Congo ifise hafi ica kabiri c'ubutare bwa cobalt kw'isi yose.

Iki gihugu kinini co muri Afrika yo hagati muri iki gihe gitanga hafi 63% vy'ubu butare bucukurwa kw'isi yose, igice kinini cabwo kigashorwa hanze kitarahingurwa.

Angelo afise icizere ko ibihugu vya Afrika bizokwongereza cane ubushobozi bwavyo mu bijanye n'amahinguriro.

Avuga ko urugendo rwa Biden, hamwe n'umutahe mu Muhora wa Lobito, ari akarusho kuri Angola mu twigoro twayo two guhindura isura yayo.

Ati: "Yerekana Angola nk'ikibanza ciza co gushoramwo imitahe", akongerako ati: "Aho umukuru w'igihugu ca Amerika agiye, isi yose irakurikira".

Angola imaze igihe isanura ibikorwa remezo vyayo kuva intambara yo hagati mu gihugu yamaze imyaka hafi 30 irangiye mu 2002.

Iyi ntambara yarasambuye ibirabara ry'indarayi rya Benguela ryo ku gihe c'ubukoloni, iri rikaba ari igice c'uno muhora, aho ibice 3% vyonyene vyaryo ari vyo vyakora igihe intambara yarangira.

Utwigoro two kurivyura twaciye dutangura ico gihe, aho Ubushinwa ari bwo bwabaye ubwa mbere mu gushiramwo umutahe.

Hagati ya 2006 na 2014, Ubushinwa bwashizemwo umutahe w'imiriyaridi zababa zibiri z'amadorari y'Abanyamerika mu masezerano yiswe rail-for-oil (twogereranya n'amasezerano yo kwubakirwa ibarabara ry'indarayi nayo igatanga igitoro).

Ariko Lourenço aricuza kuri ano masezerano, aho yabwiye New York Times ko ata karusho yazaniye Angola.

Ati: "Ari nka hamwe wombaza nimba nofata iyindi ngurane mfatiye kuri ano masezerano, novuga nti: 'Oya',". Yongerako ko nubwo biri uko, Angola izoriha iri deni.

Umutahe munini Ubushinwa bwashize mu bikorwa remezo, mu mugambi wabwo Belt and Road Initiative, uranegurwa kubera utuma ibihugu vya Afrika na Aziya vyinjira mu madeni y'umurengera.

Iyi ngingo ya Amerika yo gushira imitahe minini mu bikorwa remezo muri Afrika izobandanya hampande y'imigambi ishigikiwe n'Ubushinwa, nk'uburyo bushingiye ku migenderanire n'ibihugu vyinshi.

Ubushinwa busanzwe bugenzura 80% vy'ubutare bw'umujumpu muri DR Congo, kimwe mu bihugu vyimbura ubu butare ku rugero runini kw'isi.

Mu gihe ubu intego y'isi ari iyo gukoresha amasoko ntanganguvu atonona ikirere, harimwo imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba, ubu butare bwa Afrika yo hagati buzoronderwa cane.

Ntibitangaje kubona Amerika ishira imitahe mu bikorwa remezo muri ako karere.

Ibikorwa biza vyaramaze gutangura kuri uno Muhora wa Lobito, igice ca mbere cavyo kikaba ari ugusanura ibarabara ry'indarayi risanzwe rihari kuva kuri iki kivuko gushika ku rubibe rwa DR Congo, ku buryo bw'amafaranga butangwa n'ikogo ca Amerika kijejwe iterambere, Development Finance Corporation.

Umupfasoni Matza avuga ko igice kigira kabiri kizoba kirimwo ibarabara ry'indarayi rishasha ry'ibirometero 800, rizova muri Angola.

Intego ni ukuzofatanya ibahari Atalantike n'ibahari Indiyano riciye muri Tanzania.

Hampande y'ukwunguruza amabuye y'agaciro, iri barabara ry'indarayi rishobora kandi gutuma ubudandaji n’uburimyi bitera imbere mu bihugu rizocamwo.

Ibanki y'iterambere ya Afrika (Africa Development Bank) isanzwe ishigikira imigambi ku mafaranga ashika imiriyoni 500 y'amadorari y'Abanyamerika mu gushigikira ubudangaji hagati mu bihugu no hagati y'ibihugu biciye mu guteza imbere ubudandaji buto buto, amakoperative n’abacuruzi bari ku Muhora wa Lobito.

Mu 2023, ubucuruzi hagati ya Amerika na Angola bwari bufise agaciro k'amadorari y'Abanyamerika yababa imiriyaridi 1.77, nk'uko bivugwa n'ubushikiranganji bwa Amerika bujejwe imigenderanire, ivyo bikaba vyatumye iki gihugu cimbura igitoro kiba mu kibanza ca kane mu bucuruzi bwa Amerika muri Afrika yo munsi y'ubugaragwa bwa Sahara.

Urugendo rwa Perezida Biden ruje gushira mu ngiro umuhango yemereye uno mugabane mu 2022, nubwo rwatevye.

Rurafasha kandi mu gutsimbataza ikibanza ca Angola mw'iterambere mu karere no kw'isi yose mu myaka iri imbere, nubwo hari impungenge ku bijanye n’aho ubutegetsi bwa Trump buzoshikana ubu bucuti.