BRICS: Menya rino huriro rihanganye na G7 kandi ryakira n’ibihugu bishasha
Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images
Ihuriro BRICS ryiteze kwakira ibindi bihugu bishasha bitanu vyo muri Afrika no mu Buseruko bwa hagati.
Uno muryango uriko urondera ikibanza gikomeye mw’ihuriro ry’ibihugu bituze kw’isi.
None BRICS ni iki ibihugu bishasha ni ivyahe?
Mu 2006, Brezili, Uburusiya Ubuhindi n’Ubushinwa vyashinze ihuriro vyise “BRIC”. Afrika y’Epfo yinjiye mu 2010, rica rirahinduka ryitwa “BRICS”.
Misiri, Ethiopia, Irani, Arabia Sawudite hamwe na Emira Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu vyari vyiteze kwakirwa ejo ku wa 01 Nzero (1).
Nta zina rishasha ryatangajwe kuri uno muryango wagutse, ariko vyitezwe ko rishobora guca ryitwa “BRICS +” .
Argentina yari yahawe ubutumire bwo kwinjira, ariko umukuru w’igihugu mushasha, Javier Milei, yavuze ko bitari gukunda.
Ibihugu vya BRICS bifata ingingo mw’ikoraniro ryavyo ryama riba uko umwaka utashe. Ibihugu bigize BRICS birakurakuranwa kurongora uno muryango mu kiringo c’umwaka umwe.
None BRICS imaze iki?
Mu bihugu bigize BRICS harimwo ibihugu rutura ku rwego rw’isi nk’Ubushinwa n’Uburusiya, hamwe n’ibihugu rutura ku rwego rw’imigabane yavyo, nka Afrika y’Epfo na Brezili.
Uno murwi wagutse ufise abantu bababa imiriyaridi 3.5, canke 45% z’abantu bose baba kw’isi.
Ubutunzi bwawo bwose bushizwe hamwe bungana n’amadorari y’Abanyamerika imiriyaridi 2500 - hafi 28% z’ubutunzi bwose kw’isi.
Ibihugu vya BRICS vyiteze kandi kwimbura hafi 44% vy’igitoro cose kitarahingurwa (pétrole brut/crude oil) cimburwa kw’isi.
Hagati aho, ibihugu vya BRICS bivuga ko ibihugu vy’uburengero vyiganziye amashirahamwe yose nyamukuru, nk’Ikigega mpuzamakungu FMI/IMF n’Ibanki y’isi yose, asanzwe aha ingurane ibihugu.
Bisaba ko ibihugu biriko biratera imbere “bihabwa ijambo ryisumbuye kandi bigaserukirwa bikwiye”.
Mu 2014, ibihugu bigize BRICS vyashinze Ibanki nshasha y’Iterambere kugira ngo itange ingurane igenewe iterambere.
Gushika mu mpera za 2022, iyi banki yatanze ingurane yababa imiriyaridi 32 z’amadorani y’Abanyamerika mu kwubaka amabarabara mashasha, ibiraro bishasha, amabarabara y’indarayi hamwe n’imigambi yo gukwiragiza amazi.
Iyi niyo ntumbero nyamukuru y’Ubushinwa muri BRICS, nk’uko bivugwa n’umwigisha wa kaminuza Padraig Carmody, umuhinga mu vyigwa vy’indondabihugu rishingiye kw’iterambere kw’ishure kamimunza, Trinity College Dublin.
Avuga ati: "Buciye muri BRICS, Ubushinwa buriko bugerageza gukomeza ikibanza cabwo kw’isi – cane cane muri Afrika. Bushaka gufata iya mbere mu bihugu vyo mu bumanuko bw’isi”.
Uburusiya, ikindi gihugu rutura muri BRICS, bufise intumbero itandukanye muri uno muryango.
"Uburusiya bufata iri huriro nk’uruhande rumwe mu rugamba rwabwo rwo kurwanya Uburengero, ribufasha guhangana n’ibihano bwafatiwe inyuma y’igitero cabwo kuri Ukraine”, bivugwa na Creon Butler wo mu kigo c’abahinga Chatham House gifise icicaro i Londrses.
Yongerako y’uko iyinjira rya Irani rishobora kwongereza urwanko BRICS ifitiye Uburengero.
Ifaranga rya BRICS rizoshobora gusubirira idorari?
Akenshi, ibihugu bikoresha idorari ry’Abanyamerika mu budandaji hagati yavyo.
Abanyaporitike bakuru bakuru muri Brezili n’Uburusiya basaba ko hoba ifaranga rya BRICS kugira ngo rigabanye inguvu ry’idorari. Hagati aho, mwikoraniro rya 2023, iki kibazo nticaganiriweko.
Prof. Carmody avuga ko bitazoshoboka ko ibihugu vya BRICS bishinga ifaranga rusangi kubera ubutunzi bwavyo atari bumwe.
Ariko, "bishobora kwiga ingene muri kazoza hozobaho ifaranga rishasha ryo gukoresha mu budangaji mpuzamakungu”, nk’uko abivuga.
BRICS yoba ari umukeba wa G20?
Ihuriro rya G20 ryashinzwe mu 1999 kugira rihuze ibihugu bitunze n’ibihugu biri mu nzira y’amajambere kugira ngo bivugane ku bibazo vy’isi, nk’ibibazo vy’amafaranga kw’isi n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere.
Ariko, BRICS irimwo ibihugu vyinshi biri muri G20.
Muri kazoza, bishobora kuzokorana, nk’uko bivugwa na Dr Irene Mia wo mu kigo c’abahinga International Institute for Strategic Studies.
Ati: "Biri hamwe, bishobora gutuma ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajambere bironka ayandi mafaranga menshi yo guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, canke kugabanya inguvu z’idorari rya Amerika nk’ifaranga mpuzamakungu”.
Uburusiya buzokoresha gute uburongozi bwabwo bwa BRICS mu 2024?
Uburusiya bwiteze kwakira ikoraniro rya BRICS muri Kazan muri Gitugutu.
Vladimir Putin avuga ko azokoresha ikibanza nk’umukuru w’uno muryango mu:
- kwongereza uruhara rwa BRICS mu nzego mpuzamakungu z’amafaranga
- guteza imbere ugufashanya hagati y’amabanki no kwagura ikoreshwa ry’amafaranga y’ibihugu vya BRICS
- gukomeza ugufashanya hagati y’abajejwe kwegeranya amakori hamwe n’amaduwane (douane).
"Bukoresheje BRICS, Uburusiya buzorondera kwereka Uburengero ko bugifise incuti n’abagenzi mu zindi mpande z’isi, n’ubwo bwateye Ukraine”, niko Dr Mia avuga.
