Surface finishes
Timber can be treated in a variety of different ways and for a variety of different reasons:
Image caption, Painted timber
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Paint
Paint gives colour to the timber and can protect the timber if it is going to go outside. Some paint provides a solid colour - this is called opaque. If the paint is translucent, you can see the grain is visible through the colour. Paints are either Shiny., Dull or flat. or Between gloss and matt..
Some paint can be applied with a paintbrush or roller; some needs an undercoat so that the timber is sealed before the paint is applied. Most paints will have instructions on the tin to suggest the best method of application, and these will also give details of drying times and necessary health and safety precautions.
Wood stain
Wood stain is applied so that the appearance of the timber is enhanced. It is possible to buy many different wood stains that are designed to look like a different wood type. Often, pine is stained to look like a darker Timber that has come from a tree that drops leaves in the autumn to prepare for winter. - hardwood is expensive, so staining a piece of cheaper timber is often a good alternative. Wood stain gives some protection to the timber, but an additional coat of varnish after staining is often a good idea.
Oil and wax
Oil and wax soak into timber and can be used to enhance the natural appearance of the timber. Often kitchen worktops and chopping boards are oiled or waxed so that the surface repels water.
Varnish
Varnish can be applied to timber so that a shiny appearance is achieved. Varnish is usually applied in many layers so that the thickness of the varnish is more Hardwearing.. Varnish can be glossy or matt depending on the type used.
Shellac
A cloudy liquid made from a resin secreted by a beetle. The beetle is often found on trees in India and Thailand. is a resin secreted by a beetle. Several layers are built by rubbing the polish on to create a finish called French polish. It tends to be used on expensive furniture to give it a glossy shine but can be easily damaged by heat and water.
Veneering
A A thin decorative covering of fine wood applied to a coarser wood or other material. is a thin layer of wood that can be applied to cheaper materials such as medium-density fibreboard (MDF) or chipboard to make them appear more expensive. A finish will need to be applied to the veneer.
