Tarihin addinin Kirista a Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya

A Najeriya, manyan addinai da suka fi shuhura kuma suka fi karɓuwa su ne addinin Musulunci da Kirista, duk da cewa akwai masu bautar gumaka da wasu addinan na daban a faɗin ƙasar.

Haka kuma tun a shekaru aru-aru, ƙasar tana cike da waɗanda ba su da addini, lamarin da har yanzu ake ci gaba da samun wasu matasa da suke da irin wannan tunanin na rashin amice wa da addini.

Tarihi ya nuna cewa dukkan addinan biyu sun fuskanci ƙalubale wajen shiga ƙasar, inda Kiristanci ya fi fama da ƙalubale a arewa, Musulunci kuma ya fi fuskantar tsaiko wajen shiga kudancin Najeriya.

Wannan ya sa BBC ta yi nazari, tare da waiwaye kan yadda addinin Kiristanci ya shiga zuwa Najeriya, da kuma yadda addinin ya kai zuwa yankunan arewacin ƙasar da kuma tasirin Hausa wajen yaɗa shi.

Zuwan addinin Kirista Najeriya

Domin sanin yadda addinin kiristanci ya shiga Najeriya da rarrabuwarsa da ƙalubalen da aka fuskanta, BBC ta tuntuɓi Dr Dahiru Rabe na sashen nazarin tarihi da tsare-tsare na Jami'ar Dutsin-Ma da ke jihar Katsina.

Masanin ya yi bincike na musamman mai taken 'Tasirin ayyukan yaɗa addininin Kirista a masarautar Katsina daga 1903 zuwa 1960 wato 'The Impact of Christian Missionary Activities on Katsina Emirate, 1903 - 1960 AD'.

Dr Dahiru Rabe ya ce addinin Kirista ya fara shiga Najeriya a tsakankanin ƙarni na 15 ta hannun Turawan ƙasar Portugal.

"Da farko dai zuwan Kiristoci Najeriya a taƙaice a mafi yawan zantuttuka ya fara ne a cikin ƙarni na 15 lokacin da Turawan ƙasar Portugal suka fara shigowa ta hanyar tekun Atlantica," in ji shi.

Ya ce sun fara zuwa yankunan da a yanzu suke ƙarƙashin yankin kudu maso kudu wato Neja Delta, inda ya ƙara da cewa zance mafi inganci shi ne sun fara isa yankin Benin na yanzu ne a ƙarni na 16.

"Sun isa birnin, inda suka sauka a fadar Sarkin Benin na lokacin wato Oba of Benin, inda suka samu tarba a masarautar, har suka fara aikin yaɗa addinin na Kirista daga fadar."

Coci ta farko a Najeriya

A game da cocin farko da aka buɗe a Najeriya, masanin tarihin ya bayyana cewa Turawan ƙasar Portugal ɗin da suka isa birnin Benin ne suka fara buɗe coci ta farko a birnin.

"Sun fara yaɗa addinin ne a fadar masarautar Benin, inda sarkin na lokacin ya ba su masauki, sannan suka buɗe coci da makaranta a fadar ta Benin. Sun fara ne da sanya ƴaƴan sarkin da na muƙarrabansa bayan sun mayar da su addinin Kirista," in ji shi.

Masanin ya ƙara da cewa daga lokacin ne aka fara yaɗawa, sannan ake samun masu karɓar addinin Kiristanci a Najeriya.

A cewarsa, ɗarikar Katolika ce ɗarikar da ta fara shiga Najeriya, duk da cewa ya ce daga baya ba da daɗewa ba wata ɗarikar ta shiga ƙasar. "Turawan ƙasar Portugal ɗin da suka fara shiga ƙasar, ƴan ɗarikar Katolika ne kuma su ne suka fara gudanar da ibadarsu a ƙasar," in ji shi.

Shigar addinin Kirista ƙasar Yarabawa

Masanin ya ce daga baya an samu addinin a yankin kudu maso yammacin ƙasar, inda a cewarsa wasu ƴantattun bayi da aka ƴanta a ƙasashen Turai irin su Italia da sauransu suka koma gida suka fara yaɗa addinin.

"Yawanci ta Saliyo suka ratsa suka koma Legas a yankin Badagry. A lokacin ne suka fara yaɗa addinin a tsakanin ƴan'uwansu da danginsu da suka bari a gida lokacin da suka tafi aikin bauta a Turai."

Ya ce daga baya a ƙarni na 18, wasu Turawan daga Ingila sun isa yankin Badagry, a shekarar 1842 ke nan, inda suka ci gaba da yaɗa addinin na kirista.

"Don haka Turawan Portugal ne suka kai addinin yankin Neja Delta, amma ƴan ƙasa suka koma suka fara yaɗa addinin a Legas, kafin Turawan Ingila suka ɗaura daga inda suka tsaya, sai suka ci gaba a tare," in ji Dahiru.

Addinin Kirista a arewacin Najeriya

Bayan zuwa Kiristancin kudancin Najeriya, sai kuma batun yadda addinin ya kai zuwa arewacin Najeriya, yankin da tarihi addinin Musulunci ya fi karɓuwa na tsawon lokaci, sai kuma addinin gargajiya.

Dr Dahiru ya ce kamar yadda addinin Musulunci ya shiga yankin arewacin ƙasar haka shi ma addinin Kirista ya shiga kashi biyu ta hanyar Turawa da ma kuma ƴan ƙasa.

Ya ce akwai Turawa da suka fara zuwa da addinin na Kirista zuwa arewa tun a ƙarni na 18.

"Saboda akwai Turawa masu yaɗa addinin Kirista da suka biyo ta saharar arewacin Afirka suka biyo suka shiga inda ake kira da Sudan a wancan lokacin, waɗanda a yanzu suke cikin yankunan Kano da Borno da Katsina," in ji shi.

Dahiru ya ce sun fara shiga yankin ne tun a ƙarni na 18, inda ya ce waɗanda suka fara zuwa yankin ƴan ɗarikar Protestant ne.

Ya ce kashi na biyu kuma sun isa yankin arewacin Najeriya a ƙarni na 19.

"Su ma a ƙarƙashin ƴan Najeriya da suka yi aikin bayi suka fito daga kudancin ƙasar suka fara zuwa arewaci domin yaɗa addinin ta yankunan Ilorin da Lokoja."

Shigar addinin Kirista Kano

Sai dai masanin na tarihi ya ce masu yaɗa addinin sun fuskanci tsaiko da ƙalubale a arewacin Najeriya, musamman bayan sun isa Kano.

"A lokacin da Turawa suka shiga arewacin Najeriya a ƙarshen ƙarni 19 wato tsakankanin shekarar 1890 zuwa 1895, sai Turawan suka fara tsallakawa Kano domin yaɗa addinin."

Ya ce sun shiga Kano ne bayan sun wuce Zaria, "inda suka kafa wurin da ake kira Girku, sannan suka kafa Wusasa, sannan a shekarar 1898 suka tsallaka zuwa Kano a ƙarƙashin wasu manya-manyan masu yaɗa addinin Kirista biyu a lokacin wato Walter Richard Samuel Miller da ɗan'uwansa Bishop Herbert Tugwell."

Ya ce sun isa fadar Sarki Kano Aliyu, inda suka nemi su fara aikin yaɗa addinin Kirista a jihar to amma ba su yi nasara ba.

"Sai dai an samu matsala a lokacin, inda har aka yi yunƙurin halaka su. Wannan matsalar ta yi tsaiko ga yunƙurin yaɗa addinin kirista a Kano da ma arewacin Najeriya baki ɗaya," in ji shi.

Amma Dr Dahiru ya ce Turawan mulkin mallaka da kansu ne suka saka wasu dokoki masu tsauri kan ayyukan yaɗa addinin na Kirista saboda wasu dalilai nasu daban da su suka sani.

"Duk da murƙushe daular Usmaniyya, addinin Kirista bai samu shiga sosai ba sai bayan shekara sama da 30 suka samu dama, kuma turawan ne suka daƙile yunƙurin aikin."

Yaushe aka fara bikin kirsimeti a Najeriya?

A game da lokacin da aka fara bikin Kirsimeti a Najeriya, Dr Dahiru ya ce tun a lokacin da Kirista suka fara kafa coci-coci a kudancin Najeriya lallai lokacin ne aka fara Kirsimeti.

Kan irin yadda harshen Hausa ya taka rawa wajen yaɗa addinin Kirista a arewacin Najeriya, masanin ya ce ƴan mishan ɗin ne suka lura cewa amfani da Hausa zai fi sauƙi wajen isar da saƙonsu.

"Shi ya sa yawanci waɗanda suka koma kirista daga wasu addinan ko ma waɗanda a baya ba su da addinai za ka ga da Hausa aka isar musu da saƙon."