Jamal Gamal Abdel Nasseer: Mutumin da ya fara juyin mulki a Afirka

A duk lokacin da aka yi batun juyin mulki a nahiyar Afirka, mutumin da ke fara faɗowa a ran jama'a shi ne Janar Gamal Abdel Nasser, soja ɗan ƙasar Misra da ya fara hamɓare wata gwamnati a nahiyar Afirka a 1952.

Kuma tun daga lokacin ne nahiyar Afirka ke fuskantar juyin mulki, inda zuwa yanzu an yi juyin mulki fiye da 220, ciki har da fiye 109 da aka samu nasara, sannan aka samu nasarar daƙile fiye da 111.

Ƙididdiga ta nuna cewa daga cikin ƙasashen nahiyar Afirka 54, 45 daga ciki sun fuskanci juyin mulki ko da sau ɗaya ne.

Alƙaluma daga Powell and Thyne sun nuna cewa ƙasar Sudan ce ta fi kowace ƙasa yawan juyin mulki – inda take da 16 ko dai waɗanda aka samu nasara ko kuma waɗanda aka gaza samun nasarar aiwatarwa.

A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin 1952 ne Gamal Nasser da tallafin wasu jami'an soji guda 89 suka hamɓarar da Sarki Farouk I.

Rayuwar Jamal Gamal Abdel Nasseer

An haifi Nasser a yankin Bacos da ke Alqahira, kuma ɗa ne ga malamin gidan waya. Sai dai kuma rubuce-rubucen gwamnati na nuna cewa asalin garin su Gamal Abdel Nasseer shi ne Bani Murr.

Abdel Nasser ya yi karatu a Al-Khatatibah sakamakon sauyin wurin aiki da aka yi wa mahaifinsa. Daga nan ne kuma shi Abdel Nasseer ya tafi zuwa birnin Alqahira domin zama da kawunsa wanda bai daɗe da fitowa daga gidan yarin Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ingila ba.

Bayanai sun nuna cewa Abdel Nasseer ya kasance mai yawan samun rashin jituwa da malaman makarantarsa inda wasunsu Turawan Burtaniya ne.

Bayan kammala makarantar sakandire, Nasseer ya tafi kwalejin koyon aikin lauya inda ya zauna na wasu ƴan watanni kafin daga bisani ya shiga kwalejin horar da sojoji ta Royal Military Academy, inda kuma ya kammala, ya fito a matsayin hafsan soja da anini ɗaya.

Abdel Nasseer yana cikin sojojin da suka gwabza yaƙi kan ƙin amincewa da kafa sabuwar ƙasar Isra'ila a 1948.

Ana yi wa Gamal Abdel Nasseer kallon mutum mai kaifin kishin Larabawa, inda ya ƙirƙiri Haɗaɗɗiyar Jamhuriyar Larabawa tsakanin 1958 zuwa 1961 abin da ya janyo masa fafatawa da Israila a yaƙuna guda biyu a 1956 da 1967.

Yadda Jamal ya hamɓare Sarki Farouk I

Jamal Gamal Abdel Nasseer bisa tallafin wasu sojoji guda 89 suka hamɓarar da Sarki Farouk I, a wani yanayi na juyin mulki ba tare da zubar da jini ba.

Da farko da Anwar Sadat ya buƙaci a kashe Sarki Farouk da ƴan kanzaginsa amma Jamal ya hana amma kuma ya nemi da su tafi gudun hijra.

Duk da cewa Jamal ne jagoran juyin mulkin amma kuma an sanya Manjo Janar Muhammad Naguib a matsayin shugaban ƙasa har na tsawon shekara guda.

To amma a 1954, an hamɓarar da Naguib, inda aka yi masa ɗaurin talala sannan daga bisani sai Jamal Abdel Nasseer ya bayyana a matsayin firaminista.

A shekarar ne kuma Jamal ya fara aiwatar da hare-hare a kan ƙungiyar Ƴan'uwa Musulmi da ake kira Muslim Brotherhood sakamakon yunƙurin kisa da wani ɗan bindiga ya so yi masa wanda ya ce ƙungiyar ce ta saka shi.

A watan Janairun 1956 ne kuma sai Nasseer ya ayyana kundin tsarin mulkin Misra wanda aka ɗora a kan tsarin gurguzu bisa turbar jam'iyya guda ɗaya tilo, tare da ayyana ƙasar da mai bin tafarkin addinin Musulunci.

A shekarar ne aka yi zaɓe, inda Gamal ya samu nasarar zama shugaban ƙasa da kaso 99.9 na yawan ƙur''u miliyan biyar na ƴan ƙasar.

Me ke janyo juyin mulki a Afirka?

A ƙasar Misra inda can ne aka fara juyin mulkin a nahiyar Afirka, masana na ganin hamɓarar da Sarkin Misra Farouk I ne bisa dalilin cewa sarkin ya mayar da sojoji saniyar ware.

A na ci gaba da samun ƙaruwar adadin yadda ake gudanar da juyin mulki a nahiyar Afirka, kusan akan samu ɗaya a duk cikin shekara huɗu, tun daga 1960 zuwa 2000.

Wani bincike da wasu masana Amurkawa biyu, Jonathan Powell da Clayton Thyne suka gudanar sun gano cewa wannan ba wani abin mamaki ba ne, ganin irin yadda ƙasashe da dama ke fuskantar tarzoma tsawon shekaru tun bayan samun ƴancin kansu.

"Ƙasashen Afirka ne da kansu suka bayar da ƙofar a yi musu juyin mulki, sakamakon jefa talakawa cikin talauci da koma bayan tatalin arziki. Muddin ƙasa ta fuskanci juyin mulki sau ɗaya to fa an buɗe ƙofar yin wasu juyin mulkin ke nan a cikinta," kamar yadda binciken Powell da Thyne ya nuna.