Mary, Lourdes, Fatima: Gịnị mere nne Jesus Kraịst jiri nwee aha karịrị otu puku?

Guadalupe, Lourdes, Fatima, Pilar, Dolores, Candelaria maọbụ Coromoto.

Kedụ ihe jikọtara aha ndị a ama ama n'ụka Katọlik? Ha niile bụ aha a na-akpọ otu onye: Mary, nne Jesus.

Ihe ndị a pụtara na ha abụghị ọtụtụ ụmụnwaanyị na-amaghị nwoke, mana aha ndị a niile bụ aha a na-akpọ otu nwagbọghọ ahụ nke Juu, a mụrụ na Nazareth n'ihe karịrị afọ puku abụọ gara aga, onye mechara tụrụ ime site n'ike nke Mmụọ nsọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise mgbe ya na nwoke na-enweghi mmekọ anụahụ nkwenye ndị ụka Kraịst si kwuo.

Na nkuzi Katọlik, aha ndị a bụ ihe 'aha arịrịọ' a kpọrọ 'advocation' na Bekee nke sitere n'okwu Latin 'advocare' nke pụtara ịkpọku.

Mana gịnị mere okpukpere ụka Katọlik ji akpọ nwaanyị a Maria dị nsọ, gịnị mere e jiri ahụta ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche n'ụwa gbaa gburu gburu? Site n'enyemaka onye ọkachamaara bụ Edison Veiga nke ụlọọrụ BBC Brazil a sara ajụjụ ndị a.

N'ihi ebe dị iche iche na omenala ha

"Aha ndị e nyere Maria na-amaghị nwoke gbakwasịrị ụkwụ n'etu o si apụta. Na nchịkọta, a na-enye ya aha ebe ọ pụtara ihe maọbụ ọnọdụ ọdịdị ya," dịka Fada Arnaldo Rodrigues, onye ndụmọdụ nke Achịdayọsis nke Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) si kọwaa.

N'akụkụ nke ya, onye nnyocha n'ihe banyere okpukperechi bụ Wilma Steagall De Tommaso, onye nchịkọta nke 'Contemporary Sacred Art, Religion and History' na-eme nnyocha nke mahadum 'Pontifical' nke ụka Katọlik dị na Sao Paulo (PUC-SP), kwuru na aha ndị a dị iche site "na ndị mmadụ, mpaghara, omenala," n'ihi "aha gosipụtara ihe gbapụtara ihe n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ."

Onye so n'otu 'Council of the Marian Academy nke Aparecida kwukwara na ọtụtụ aha ndị a bụ ihe ndị a na-akpọ ozizi, nke rụtụrụaka n'ozizi ndị ụka Katọlik banyere Maria na-amaghị nwoke, nke okpukperechi kwuru na ọ bụ eziokwu nke okwukwe nke onye ọbụla nwere okwukwe ga-ekwere na ya.

Nke a bụ ebe iji maatụ, aha nke echiche na-enweghi ntụpọ sitere n'akwụkwọ nke Pope Pius IX binyere aka na ya nke kwupụtara na Maria nwere mkpuchi n'ebe mmehie nọ," dịka onye nchọpụta ahụ si kọwaa.

N'otu aka ahụ, atụmatụ ịkpọ ya Maria na-amaghị nwoke, malitere mgbe otu "Lateran Council kwupụtara eziokwu dị na-amaghị nwoke nke nne Kraịst n'afọ 649."

"E nwere aha ndị e si n'ebe ndị e nwere ngosipụta nke mụwapụtara nkwenye ọdịnala, nke ruru obodo ndị ọzọ dịka Aparecida, Guadalupe, Lourdes, Fatima, Loreto, Montserrat, dgz.," ka ọ gbakwụnyere.

"Nwaanyị a na-amaghị nwoke ka a na-enye ọtụtụ aha maka na ọ na-egosi ebe ndị ọ pụtara," ka Mirticeli Medeiros, ọkachamaara na Vatican n'ihe banyere nnyocha nke Katọlik na mahadum 'Pontifical Gregorian' dị na Rome mba Itali.

"O nweghi ihe gosiri na ọ bụ iwu na a ga-eme gị 'baptizim' n'aha ebe ọhụhụ ahụ mere, mana dịka ozizi bụ ihe e ji egosipụta okpukperechi a ma ama, ọ bụ ndị mmadụ na-eji aka ha agbasa aha ndị a na mbụ tupu a na-eleba anya na nkọwa ọbụla', Medeiros kọwara.

Aha ndị a niile nwere ihe e jiri tinye ha, ka onye nnyocha Jose Luis Lira hiwere 'Brazilian Academy of Hagiology' ma bụrụ ọkammụta na mahadum Steeti Vale do Aracaú dị na Ceará si kwuo.

"Ọ bụ nne anyị nke Fatima, maka na ọ pụtara ihe ebe ahụ. Ọ bụ nne anyị nke Ezi ọmụmụ nwa maka na ọ na-enyere ụmụnwaanyị aka n'ịme mmụọ ịmụ nwa. Ọ bụ nne anyị nke ezi ndụmọdụ maka na ọ na-enye anyị ụmụ ya ezi ntuziaka," ka Lira kwuru.

"Aha niile a bụ nke otu nne, maka na ọ bụ nne ọha mmadụ niile, n'ebe niile, ndị mmadụ na-akpọku ya ma na-egosipụta ya dịka omenala ha si dị. N'ezie abịa n'ihe ọha, nkwado nke Ụlọụka dị mkpa," ka ọ gbakwunyere.

Arịrịọ nne bụ iwu

Nraranye Maria na-amaghị nwoke malitere kamgbe okpukperechi Kraịst bidoro nke sitere na nkwenye na ọ bụ ya bụ okporo e si erute Kraịst, maka nkwenye na o nweghi onye ga-ajụ arịrịọ nne ya.

Otu ebe n'akwụkwọ nsọ kwuwiri echiche a ike. Ọ bụ akụkọ ihe ịrịbaama mere n'agbamakwụkwọ na Cana, ebe ọ dị n'akwụkwọ nsọ John, ebe Jesus mere ihe a kpọrọ ihe ịrịbaama nke mbụ ya.

N'emume agbamakwụkwọ ahụ, nke ya na nne ya gara, onye nwe mmemme ahụ chọpụtara na mmanya agwụla. Maria kpọpụtara Jesus n'akụkọ ma kọwaara ya ihe mere. Ya wee gbanwee mmiri ka ọ ghọọ mmanya, ma mee ka emume ahụ gaa n'ihu.

"Ọ ga-abụ ihe ihere nye di na nwunye ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na mmanya gwụ tupu emume ahụ agwụ. Nke Maria gwara Jesus ka ọ gbata ọsọ enyemaka, ọrụ ya dịka onye mkpechite ọnụ bịara dị oke mkpa," Fada Arnaldo Rodrigues kọwaara.

Nraranye Maria gbakwasịrị ụkwụ n'ebe ọzọ e dere ihe n'ime akwụkwọ nsọ.

Dịka akwụkwọ nsọ si kwuo, mgbe Jesus na-anwụ ọnwụ n'elu obe, o ji ọdịmma nne ya nyefee onye ozioma John n'aka ma nyefekwa ọdịmma John n'aka nne ya.

"N'ihe o mere, John nọchiri anya mmadụ. Maria bụrụ nne anyị. Eve nke ọhụrụ, Eve na-enweghi mmeghie, dịka Ụka si akụziri anyị. Ya mere, Maria dị ngozi na-amaghị nwoke na-elekọta mmadụ dịka nne, nne nwere ekworo," ka Lira rụtụrụ aka.

Site na mmalite

Dịka ọzụzụ Fada Valdivino Guimarães, onye 'Mariologist' nakwa onye bụbụ onyeisi ụlọakwụkwọ 'Church of the National Sanctuary' nke Aparecida dị na Brazil, ihe ndekọ banyere nkwenye maka ikike Nne Jesus Kraịst nwere malitere kamgbe oge senchury abụọ.

"Ihe akaebe ndị nnyọcha 'Archaeology' gosiri ndụ ndị mbụ malitere iso n'ụzọ Kraịst. Na 'Catacombs' nke Priscilla, Eserese Mary site na senchury nke abụọ ka a hụrụ n'ebe mbụ ndị ụka Kraịst gbakọtara," ka o kwuru.

"Na catacomb, anyị chọpụtara eserese fresco nke a hụtara rute ugbua, dịka foto Maria na-amaghị nwoke kachasị mee ochie nke ya na nwa ya Jesus," ka Tommaso kwuru.

Mana, mpụta ihe nke mbụ mere n'ihe dịka afọ 40 ma nwereike ịbụ maka ụzọ ebe abụọ, ebe Mary ka dị ndụ n'oge ahụ.

Dịka omenala okpukperechi Kraịst si kwuo, Mary na-amaghị nwoke gosipụtara onwe ya nye Onye oziọma James n'ebe a ma ugbua dịka Zaragoza, mba Spen, mgbe ọ na-ezi oziọma. Ndekọ banyere obere ụlọụka dị ebe ahụ nke a sị dị kamgbe mbido Okpukperechi Kraịst.

"Aha a kọọrọ (maka ozizi) bụ Nne anyị nke Pillar, dịka akụkọ kwuru na Mary gosiri Onye oziọma kọlụm ma sị ya rụọ ụlọ ofufe ebe ahụ," Medeiros kọwara.

Akụkọ ọzọ ndị nnyocha na-akpọ aha bụ nke Nne anyị nke Snoo, oziri banyere ihe mere n'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 352 na Rome. Ọ bụ n'ihi ihe a mere e jiri rụọ ụlọụka Basilica nke St. Mary Major.

A na-akwanyere Mary ugwu kamgbe mmalite okpukperechi Kraịst. N'ime ọtụtụ akwụkwọ e dere ede, ọ nwere ọnọdụ n'ebe dị oke mkpa gbapụtara ihe

Ukwe kachasị ochie agụrụ maka Maria bụ n'oge afọ sechuri nke abụọ nke a kpọrọ 'Sub tuum presidium na Latin ebe ọ pụtara 'Under your protection' na Bekee.

Ndị Kansụl nke Ephesus, n'afọ 431kọwaara ma kwadoo nkuzi kwuru na Mary bụkwa nne Chineke, nakwa mgbakwụnye ndị ọzọ e nyere ya, ka Medeiros si rụtụaka.

Mana, n'afọ senchuri ndị ọzọ, akụkọ ndị a ghọrọ ihe onye ọbụla ma. Dịka Rodrigue si kwuo, e nwere aha ruru otu puku na otu narị (1,100) e ji mara onye nsọ a taa.

"Site n'akụkọ, ozizi ndị a na-emekaarị kpọmkwem n'ọge pụrụiche," Medeiros kwuru.

"Ọ dịghị anyị n'aka dịka ndị ọkọ akụkọ ikpebi ma ha ọ bụ eziokwu ka ọ bụ asị, mana nke bụ eziokwu bụ na ọtụtụ ha mere n'oge mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ nkwa mmekọ ọha.

Nke a bụ akụkọ Fatima, onye ozi nwere mmasị ma kwụsie ike na nkwenye na Ụlọụka ga-anabata n'ime ọtụtụ afọ ga-abịa," ka onye nchọpụta si kọwaa.

"Anyị nwere akụkọ nke Aparecida, iji maatụ, onye a chọpụtara foto ya n'oge nrụrịtaụka maka mkpochapụ ịgba ohu. Anyị nwere akụkọ nke Guadalupe, ebe Mary na-amaghị nwoke nwere njirimaara ọdịnala dịka ihe ngosi banyere agha a na-ebu megide aghaghị nghata. Na ndị ọzọ," ka o kwuru.

Mana ụlọụka anaghị akwadokaarị ihe ngosi ndị a.

"Ọ bụghị ozizi niile mere taa ka ụlọụka Katọlik kwadorola. E nwere usoro e kwesịrị iso. Ọ bụghị ikwu, ụfọdụ ndị bụ ndị nwetere nkwado zuruoke ebe a ka na-enyocha ndị ọzọ, nweterela naanị ohere ofufe," ka o kwuru.

"Ihe Mary na-amaghị nwoke kwuru, n'ọnọdụ a kwesịrị ịbụ ihe so usoro na-achịkọta ụlọụk Katọlik, dịka e mere nnyocha banyere omume na echiche ụdịrị ọhụhụ a nwereike iweta," ka ọ kwara.

Ịkpakọta ihe ọnụ

N'ọtụtụ senchuri, nraranye Mary na-amaghị nwoke ewebigala ọnọdụ oke, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-ekpuchizi Atọ n'ime Otu (Chineke nna, nke ọkpara na nke Mmụọ Nsọ). N'ihi nke ụlọụka Vatican mere ihe banyere ya.

Na mbido ọnwa Nọvemba, ngalaba na-ahụ maka okwukwe bụ 'Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith' wepụtara akwụkwọ nke Pope Leo binyereaka na ya nke kọwara ọrụ nne Jesus na-arụ n'okwukwe Katọlik.

Akwụkwọ ahụ jụrụ iji aha "onye gbapụta" a tụnyere Mary ma sị na ọ bụ mmebi aha; ma kwuo ka ndị mmadụ kwusịe ike n'ịkpọ ya "Onye mkpechita ọnụ".

Akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru na mgbazi ole ahụ dị mkpa ka ndị mmadụ "ghara ịna-ahụta amara e nyere Mary dịka onye nkesa onyinye mmaọbụ ikike mmụọ na mmekọrịta onwe anyị na Jesus Kraịst."

Ndị ọkachamara kwuru na ihe Vatican mere bụ ime ka o doo anya na Mary anọghị erughi n'ogogo Jesus Kraịst.

"Nke a pụtara na Mary anaghị ekesa amara ma ọ bụrụ na Jesus amaghị maka ya. Ihe nkuzi kọwara na ekpere Ekele m Maria kwuru na Mary nwereike ikpechitere anyị ọnụ, mana ọ bụghị ịzọpụta anyị," ka onye akụkọ mgbochie bụ Lidice Meyer, dere akwụkwọ "Christianity in the Feminine," gwara BBC Brazil.

*Akụkọ a bụ edemede abụọ nke Edison Veiga nke BBC News Brazil bipụtara.*