Juyin mulkin Mali: Shugabannin kasashen Afirka biyar da aka kora daga mulki

Rikicin siyasar kasar Mali ya sake tunasar da duniya irin ringingimun neman iko da Afirka ta yi fama da su a baya wadanda suka yi sanadin sauke wasu shugabannin kasashen daga mulki.

Halin da Mali ta tsinci kanta a ciki kusan ba bako ne ga nahiyar Afirka ba, domin a baya an sha samun irin wadannan taƙaddama inda shugabannin har ma da kasashen ketare ke nuna damuwa ko neman sulhunta bangarorin da ke hamayya da juna.

Mun yi nazarin kan shugabannin Afirka biyar da irin wannan rigima ta yi awon gaba da kujerunsu:

1. Yahya Jammeh

Yahya Jammeh ya zama shugaban kasar Gambia bayan wani juyin mulkin soja a 1994, ko da yake daga bisani ya mayar da kansa shugaba na siyasa bayan ya lashe zabe karon farko a 1996.

Shi ne ya jagorancin kazamin juyin mulkin da ya kifar da gwamnatin Dawa Jawara a watan Yulin 1994.

An sake zaben Jammeh a matsayin shugaban kasa a 2001 da 2006 da 2011, sai dai a 2016 ya sha kaye a hannu Adama Barrow. Kuma da farko ya amince ya sauka daga mulki amma daga bisani ya yi kememe, lamarin da ya sa kungiyar kasashen Afirka ta tilasta masa sauka daga mulki.

A zamanin mulkinsa bai ragawa 'yan jarida masu adawa da gwamnatinsa ba, 'yan adawa da masu aure ko soyayyar jinsi guda.

Manufofinsa sun tsananta dangantaka tsakaninsa da makwabciyar kasarsa Senegal.

A 2013, Jammeh ya janye Gambia daga kungiyar kasashe rainon Ingila wato Commonwealth, sannan a 2016 ya soma shirin janye kasar daga kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya, ICC.

An zargi Jammeh da sace miliyoyin daloli daga baitul-malin kasar domin rayuwa irinta kasaita da jin dadi.

2. Robert Gabriel Mugabe

Ya kasance jagoran juyin-juya hali kuma dan siyasa da ya rike mukamin Firaministan Zimbabwe daga 1980 zuwa 1987, sannan ya zama shugaban kasa daga 1987 zuwa 2017.

A 2017 ne sojojin kasar, karkashin jagorancin Janar Constantino Chiwenga suka tsare Mr Mugabe a gidansa, inda bayan kwana da kwanaki lamarin ya rikide ya koma juyin mulki.

Mugabe ya kasance mai ra'ayin gurguzu ya kasance cikin 'yan Afirka da suka bukaci kasa mai cin gashin kanta da bakar-fata za ta mulka bayan fusata shi da tsiraru farar fata da ke mulki a yankunan kasar suka yi.

Bayan tsokaci kan adawa da gwamnati, an same shi da laifin ingiza al'umma da yanke masa hukunci gidan yari tsakanin 1964 zuwa 1974.

Bayan mamaye siyasar kasar kusan shekaru 40, Mugabe ya kasance shugaban da ke haddasa ce-ce-ku-ce. Ana bayyana shi a matsayin gwarzon Afirka da ya jagoranci fafutikar 'yantar da nahiyar da taimakawa Zimbabwe samun 'yanci daga Turawan mulkin malaka da mulkin tsiraru farar-fata da amfani da karfin soja.

Masu suka sun zargi Mugabe da mulkin kama karya da rashin tattalin arzikinsu, rashawa a Zimbabwe da nuna wariya da tauye hakki bil adama da laifukan cin zarafi.

3. Ibrahim Boubacar Keita

Keïta ya kasance Firaminista Mali tsakanin 1994 zuwa 2000.

Ya kasance shugaban majalisar Mali daga 2002 zuwa 2007.

Keïta ne ya samar da Jam'iyyar RPM ta masu matsakaicin ra'ayi a 2001.

Bayan gwada takara da rashin sa'a a shekara ta 2013 aka zabe shi a mastayin shugaban Mali, sannan a 2018 ya sake lashe zabe a wa'adi na biyu.

A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta 2020 aka tilasta masa murabus, bayan sojoji shi sun kama shi.

4. Laurent Gbagbo na Ivory Coast

A haife shi a 1945, Mista Gbagbo ya kasance mai zurfin ilimi, sannan ana kallonsa a matsayin shugaban da ke son ruguza kasarsa bayan kin amincewa da shan kaye a zabe.

Bayan shekara 20 na hamayya, ya hau mulki a 2000 lokacin da shugaban sojoji Robert Guei ya yi kokarin magudi zaben da masu zanga-zanga a tituna Abidjan suka murkushe.

A Afrilu 2011, aka tilastawa Mista Gbagbo barin mulki - sojojin MDD da na Faransa da ke marawa abokin hamayyasa baya sun cafke shi a fadar gwamnati.

Alassane Ouattara, bayan watanni biyar duniya ta amince da shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben.

An mika Mista Gbagbo kotun ICC da ke Hague, inda ya zama tsohon shugaban kasa na farko da ake yiwa shari'a a kotun.

5. Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria

Bouteflika dan siyasar Algeria ne da ya mulki kasar na tsawon shekara 20, daga 1999 zuwa lokacin murabus dinsa a 2019.

A matsayinsa na shugaban kasa ya kawo karshen yakin basasar Algeria a 2002, lokacin da ya ja ramagar shirin Liamine Zéroual (tsohon shugaban kasa), kuma ya kawo karshen dokar ta baci a fabarairun 2011 cikin yanayi na rashin kwanciyar hankali.

Kafin zamansa shugaban kasa, ya rike mukamin ministan harkokin ketare daga 1963 zuwa 1979, sannan ya rike shugabancin majalisar dinkin duniya na tsawon shekara guda a 1974.

Bouteflika ya yi murabus a ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu 2019 bayan shafe tsawon wata 9 na zanga-zangar gama gari.

Shekaru 20 daya kwashe yana mulki, ya kasance shugaban Algeria mafi dadewa akan karagar mulki.