Harajin Amurka zai shafi ɗanyen man Afrika da coco da fiton tufafi

Yarjejeniya ta musamman da ta baiwa ƙasashen Afirka damar kasuwanci da Amurka sama da shekara 25 da suka gabata, za ta fuskanci tangal-tangal yayinda Amurka ke sanya sabbin haraji kan kayayyakin da ake shigar da su ƙasar.

Fitar da ɗanyen mai daga ƙasashe kamar Najeriya da Ghana da Gabon da Angola da kuma kayayyakin masaƙu daga Kenya da Madagascar da Lesotho, za su fuskanci tasirin sauyi a harkokin ciniki tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka da Amurka.

A ƙasar Cote D'Ivoire al'amarin zai shafi fiton coco yayinda Afirka ta Kudu harkokin fiton ababen hawa da ƙarafuna abin zai shafa.

A bara shekara ta 2024, ƙasashen Afirka sun fitar da kayayyaki da darajarsu ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 39.5 zuwa Amurka, amma ba kasuwanci ne ta ɓangare ɗaya ba kawai domin ita ma Amurka ta fitar da kayayyakin da darajarsu ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 32.1 zuwa Afirka wanda ya ƙaru da kashi 11.9 (dala biliyan 3.4) daga shekarar 2023.

Duk da haka kayayyakin da Afirka ke fitarwa zuwa Amurka kashi 6.4 cikin 100 ne kawai na yawan kayayyakin da nahiyar ke fitarwa a shekarar 2022 a cewar bankin fito wato (Afreximbank) bugu da ƙari cinikin ya ragu a shekara goma da suka gabata.

An danganta raguwar cinikin da ƙaruwar haƙo mai a Amurka wanda ya rage buƙatar shigo da ɗanyen mai daga ƙasashen Afirka, wanda ya kasance babban abin da nahiyar ke fitarwa.

Tsarin ci gaba da samar da damarmaki a Afirka wato (Agoa) ya baiwa masu fitar da kayayyaki na Afirka damar shiga kasuwannin Amurka ba tare da biyan haraji ba ƙarƙashin wasu tanade-tanade.

To amma sanarwar sabon harajin kuɗin fito da shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya yi ta sanya mafi ƙarancin harajin kashi 10 cikin 100 akan duk wasu kayayyaki da ake shigowa da su, yayinda ya kuma ƙarawa wasu ƙasashen farashi, wannan al'amari ya sanya Agoa na fuskantar rashin tabbas.

Sabon harajin ya shafi ƙasashe a duk duniya ciki har da ƙasashe kusan 20 na Afirka waɗanda kayayyakinsu za su jawo ƙarin fiye da kashi 10 cikin 100.

A ƙasashe irin su Lesotho da Madagascar da Afirika ta Kudu inda masana'antu musamman masaƙu suka dogara da fitar da kaya Amurka, yanzu sun mayar da hankalin wajen auna irin asarar da wannan tsari zai haifar.

A sauran ƙasashen kuwa, al'amarin zai fi shafar coco da ɗanyen mai.

Yadda harajin zai yi tasiri a ƙasashen Afrika

Kimanin rabin ƙasashen Afirka ne za a sanya wa harajin kashi 10 na kuɗin fito, amma wasu da suka haɗa da Najeriya da Afirka ta Kudu za su samu ƙarin harajin kashi 14 da 30 kan kayayyakin da suke fitarwa zuwa ƙasashen waje

Ƙasar da ta fi jin tasirin harajin a Afirka ita ce kasar Lesotho, wadda a halin yanzu kayayyakinta ke fuskantar harajin kashi 50, yayin da ɓangaren tufafin ƙasar Madagascar ke fuskantar ƙarin harajin kashi 47 cikin ɗari.

Amma tasirin zai bambanta tsakanin ƙasashe, musamman waɗanda suka fi fidda kaya zuwa Amurka fiye da takwarorinsu.

Adadin kayayyakin da Afirka ta Kudu ke fitarwa zuwa Amurka kashi 8 ne kawai na jimillar kayayyakin da take fitarwa a shekara ta 2024, kamar yadda bayanan gwamnati suka bayyana.

Ya yinda motoci suka fi komai yawa cikin kayayyakin da Afirka ta Kudu ke fitarwa zuwa Amurka, bankin duniya ya ce kashi 11 na ababen hawan da ƙasar ke fitarwa sun tafi Amurka a shekarar 2022.

Sai dai Amurka ta ce Afirka ta Kudu na karɓar kashi 60 kan wasu motocin da Amurka ke shigar mata, lamarin da ya haifar da sanya harajin ramuwar gayya na kashi 30 cikin 100 kan kayayyakin Afirka ta Kudu.

Har ila yau yayinda Najeriya ta fitar da kayayyaki da darajarsu ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 3.5 zuwa Amurka a shekarar 2022, mafi yawan ɗanyen mai kusan kashi 5 ne kawai na yawan kayayyakin da Najeriya ke fitarwa.

Haka abin ya ke kusan tsakanin ƙasashen Afirika inda ba dukkan kayayyaki a ke fitarwa zuwa Amurka ba.

Amma akwai wasu kayayyaki kamar na masaƙa da ƙasashe irin su Lesotho da Madagascar da Kenya suka gina masana'antunsu kawai don fidda kaya zuwa Amurka.

Ofishin Wakilin Kasuwancin Amurka ya fidda ƙididdigar fiton kayayyakin ƙasashen Afirika ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Agoa a shekara ta 2022 kamar haka:

Afirka ta Kudu (dala biliyan $ 3.6 biliyan, galibi ababen hawa da ƙarafuna da ƴa ƴan itatuwa da kuma sinadirai)

Ƙarƙashin AGOA, ƙasashen Afirka da dama sun samu shiga kasuwannin Amurka ba tare da haraji ba, abinda ya sa aka samu gasa tsakanin kasuwancin Afirika a kasuwannin Amurka. Sai dai ba dukkan kayan da ake fitarwa zuwa Amurka ne ake fitarwa ƙarƙashin Agoa ba.

"Wannan (sabon harajin fito) ya sauya fasalin kasuwancin Afirka da Amurka," in ji Farfesa Ken Ife, masanin tattalin arziki.

Yadda Lesotho da Madagascar zasu fi fuskantar koma baya?

Asusun Bada Lamuni na Duniya IMF ya bayyana cewar a Lesotho, kashi 85 na kayan da ake fitarwa a kasar sun tafi Amurka a shekara ta 2022. Amma a yanzu ƙasar zata ga an sakawa kayayyakinta harajin kashi 50 kafin shiga kasuwannin Amurka. Wannan adadin a cewar Amurka ya faru ne saboda Lesotho na cajin harajin kashi 99 kan kayayyakin Amurka da ke shiga ƙasar ta.

Ana ɗaukar masana'antar tufafi ta Lesotho ta biyu bayan gwamnati a ƙasar, a matsayin mai ɗaukar ma'aikata. Ta taɓa ɗaukar ma'aikata kusan 46,000.

Wata ƙasar kuma da ta ke fuskantar haraji mai yawa a Afirka ita ce Madagascar, wadde ta fitar da kashi 43 na kayayyakin masaƙu da na tufafi zuwa Amurka a shekarar 2022 kamar yadda bankin duniya ya bayyana. A yanzu kayayyakin nata za su ja kashi 47 cikin 100 na harajin, a matsayin martani ga abin da Amurka ta ce ana ɗora mata kashi 93 kan kayayyakin Amurkan da ke shiga ƙasar.

Gwamnatin Trump ta kare ƙarin harajin da bayar da misalin abinda ta kira rashin adalci a kasuwanci. Fadar White House ta ce wasu ƙasashen Afirika sun sanya kuɗaɗen fito kan kayayyakin Amurka, wannan ne kuma ya haifar da sanya harajin a matsayin maryani.

''An yi amfani da Amurka tsawon shekaru da dama," in ji Shugaba Trump ya yin wani taron ƙarawa juna sani a fadar White House. Inda ya ƙara da cewa "Idan ƙasashen Afirka na son shiga kasuwanninmu, to su fara rage harajin su''.

Ƙarshen Yarjejeniyar kasuwancin bai ɗaya tsakanin ƙasashen Afirika da Amurka Agoa kenan a hukumance?

A cikin watan Satumban bana ne yarjejeniyar Agoa zata ƙare, amma da waɗannan kuɗaɗen harajin, babu tabbas ko har yanzu tsarin kasuwanci na bai ɗaya tsakanin Amurka da ƙasashen Afrika da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara zai yi tasiri.

" Muna ganin dai har sai dokar ta ƙare a karshen watan Satumban shekara ta 2025 ko kuma sai idan Majalisa ta soke sabon harajin da Shugaba Trump ya sanya" , in ji babban sakataren harkokin wajen Kenya Korir Sing'oei a wata sanarwa.

Ya yinda za a ci gaba da amfani da Agoa, harajin Trump zai rage mata ƙarfi da damarmaki da ake mora a ƙarƙashinta.

" Tabbas idan Amurka ta yanke shawarar watsi da waccan dokar, babu shakka Afirka ta Kudu zata fuskanci tsadar kayayyaki," in ji Bishop.

A ranar Alhamis fadar shugaban Afirka ta Kudu ta ce sabbin kuɗaɗen harajin da Amurka ta ƙaƙaba na nuna rashin muhimmancin bukatar shawarar wata sabuwar yarjejeniyar cinikayya tsakanin ƙasar da Washington, don samar da kasuwanci mai ɗorewa.

"Yayinda Afirika ta Kudu ta ke a shirye don ƙulla kasuwanci mai riba tsakaninta da Amurka, ofishin shugaban ƙasar ya ce ƙaƙaba haraji abin damuwa ne ƙwarai."