'An aurar da ni ina da shekara 14: Yadda ake yi wa yara auren wuri a Amurka

Patricia Lane ta girma ne a yankin Eden Prairie, wani ƙaramin gari mai tsaunuka da ke bayan garin Minnesota a Amurka. Ga mutane da yawa, wuri ne mai daɗin zama. A gare ta kuwa, yana kasasnce wurin da aka killace ta daga duniya.

Lane ta ce: "Ni da ɗan'uwana mun kasance ware a al'adance sosai. Ko da yake muna zama a wani yanki na wani babban birnin Amurka, rayuwata ta kasance mai tsauri da kuma danniya.

Yayin da aka ci zarafinta tun tana ƙarama, Lane ta fada cikin tsananin damuwa wanda ya kai ta, tana da shekara 12, don neman tallafi daga lambar wayar neman taimako na musamman.

Haka ne ya sa ta haɗu da Tim - mutumin da ya amsa kiranta wata rana kuma wanda bayan watanni, zai zama mijinta.

Tim yana ɗan shekara 25 kuma yana karatu a makarantar zama fasto. A matsayin wani ɓangare na koyarwarsa na addini don ya zama mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje, an ba shi wata ƙaramar ƙungiya mai amsa kira wayar masu neman taimako na musamman.

Ba su daɗe da fara magana ba suka shirya haɗuwa, bayan wani ƙanƙanin lokaci, Lane ta ɗauki ciki aka kuma shirya ɗaura mata aure. Tana ƴar shekara14 kacal.

Lane ta girma ne a cikin iyali masu bin addinin kiristanci sau da kafa. "Na gano cewa addu'a ba ta aiki a matsayin maganin hana haihuwa. Ina da ciki kuma ba na son aurensa," in ji Lane.

Yayin da Tim ya ke kuka a wani ɗaki a gidansu, Lane ta gaya wa iyayenta labarin da ba a zata ba. Martanin mahaifiyarta ba shi ne abin da take fata ba - an zarge ta da "janyo wa dangi abin kunya".

"Mahaifiyarta ta bayyana ƙarara: Ni ne ke da alhakin duk abin kunya da na jawo wa dangin mu, kuma hanya ɗaya tilo da zan yi gyara ita ce in auri mutumin kuma in zama mata ta gari," in ji Lane.

Idan tana son ta haifi jaririn, lallai sai ta yi aure.

Mahaifinta ya sanya hannu kan takardar amincewa kuma washegari, Lane, da mahaifiyarta da Tim sun nufi yankin kudanci don neman kotu a wata jiha wadda za ta bai wa mai shekaru irin na Lane damar yin aure, abin da aka haramta a jihar Minnesota.

"Ban ji cewa ina da wani zaɓi ba, ba na son auren shi, amma ina matukar sha'awar in haifi wannan jaririya in kuma raine ta, na san zan iya zama uwa ta gari."

Amfani da juna biyu a matsayin dalili

Lane da mahaifiyarta da Tim sun fara isa Kentucky, jiha mafi kusa da Minnesota wadda ta ba da izinin aure a shekarunta. Amma jami'an yankin sun yi watsi da buƙatarsu.

"Ba zai yiwu ba. Ƙananan yara ne sosai," Patricia ta tuna aka gaya musu. "Kuma suna da gaskiya. ni ƴar ƙaramar yarinya ce."

Daga nan suka ci gaba zuwa Alabama, inda a lokacin za ta iya yin aure tare da amincewar iyayenta. A Lauderdale County, cikin mintuna kaɗan, aka ɗaura wa Patricia da Tim aure.

Ba ta sanya farar riga ba, ba ta kuma ƙawata gashinta da furanni ba don bikin. Mahaifiyarta ce kaɗai shaida.

"Ya yi sauri sosai. Ban so kasancewa awurin ba. Ba na son mutumin kuma mahaifiyata ta yi fushi," Lane, wadda yanzu ke da shekaru 58, ta shaida wa BBC. "Abin tashin hankali ne."

Mintuna kaɗan da karɓar takardar auren, ta haye zuwa wurin shakatawa da ke gaban kotun, ta zauna a kan lilo - wani aikin yaranta wanda ya fusata mahaifiyarta da sabon mijinta.

"Babu wani abu kamar abin da na yi tunanin bikin aure zai kasance," in ji Patricia. A lokacin, tana cikin farkon makonnin farko na ciki na farko kuma daga baya ta haifi ɗa da aka bayar reno.

"Ban sanya hannu a kan takardar aure na ba, sunana ne a kai, amma ba a buƙaci in sanya hannu ba, mahaifiyata ta sanya hannu a madadi na, ta miƙa rayuwata ga wani mutum, haka ake irin wannan auren, wasu ne za su miƙa ka , kuma ba za ka iya tserewa ba har sai ka cika shekaru 18," in ji ta.

A cikin shekaru 46 tun lokacin da Patricia ta auri Tim, ba wani sauyin a zo a gani aka samu a dokokin Alabama ba. A yau, mai shekara 14 ba zai iya yin aure ba, amma mai shekaru 16 zai iya da izinin, duk da shekara 18 ne mafi ƙarancin shekarun aure.

Ya zuwa 2025, jihohi 16 na Amurka ne kacal, tare da Washington DC, suka ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin shekarun aure a 18 ba tare da wata togaciya ba - ƙa'idar da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan‘adam suka buƙata.

Togaciyar doka a wasu jihohi sun haɗa da yi wa wanda ake da niyyar aura ciki, da haihuwa tare da wanda ake da niyyar aura da kuma amincewar iyaye.

Jihohin da aka samu nasarar amfani da kan juna biyu a matsayin dalilin aure ga masu ƙarancin shekaru sun haɗa da Arkansas da New Mexico da Oklahoma.

Dokar Anastasia wadda ta fito daga ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin jinsi ta Equality Yanzu ta yi jayayya cewa keɓancewar ba ta yi komai ba face "ƙara halasta dangantaka da ayyukan cin zarafi da za a iya kamantawa da fyaɗe ko cin zarafin yara".

A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a shekara ta 2025 kusan ƴan mata miliyan 12 a duniya ne ke ci gaba da yin aure kafin su kai shekara 18 a duk shekara – matakin da za a bayyana shi a matsayin auren yara – inda ƙungiyar ta yi gargaɗin cewa dole ne a ƙara ƙaimi sosai idan har ana son kawar da wannan ɗabi'a nan da shekara ta 2030, daidai da manufar ci gaba mai ɗorewa.

An amince da wannan al'ada a matsayin take haƙƙin ɗan'adam.

A Amurka kaɗai, inda babu mafi ƙarancin shekarun aure na tarayya, sama da yara ƙanana 300,000 sun yi aure bisa doka tsakanin 2000 zuwa 2021, bisa ga bayanan 'Unchained at Last', wata ƙungiya da ke aiki don kawo ƙarshen al'adar a ƙasar.

Wasunsu sun yi aure tun suna da shekara 10 kacal, ko da yake mafi yawansu ƴan shekara 16 ne ko 17. Yawancin ƴan mata sun auri maza ne manya.

"Dokar tarayya za ta rufe hanyoyin da a halin yanzu ke ba da izini da ƙarfafa auren yara da fataucin yara a ƙarƙashin inuwar aure," in ji Law.

'Har yanzu ina fama da kaɗaici'

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan aurenta, Lane ta fuskanci wasu al'amura masu wuyar gaske, gami da sanya bayar da ɗiyarta reno da kuma rabuwa da mijinta. Daga baya, ta sake yin aure - wannan lokacin ta yi ne bisa son ran ta.

A cewar ƙungiyoyin da ke aiki don yaƙi da yi wa yara auren dole a Amurka, ƴan matan da abin ya shafa sukan fuskanci wariya kuma suna iya barin makaranta, wanda hakan ya sa su ƙara dogaro ga mazajensu.

"Na kwashe shekaru ba na zuwa makaranta. Na samu na koma daga baya, amma bai yi daidai da lokacin da na ke karatu a karon farko ba," in ji Lane.

"Mijina bai bar ni in yi abokai ba, ni kaɗai ce, har yanzu ina fama da kaɗaici har yau. Na fi jin daɗin zama da kaina fiye da kasancewa cikin mutane domin har yanzu yana da wuya na amince da mutane," in ji ta.

Tun daga shekarar 2018, jihohi 16 sun canza dokokinsu don hana aurar da ƙananan yara, sakamakon shawarwari da ake samu daga waɗanda suka tsira da rayukansu da kuma ƙungiyoyin fararen hula. Amma dai da sauran rina a kaba.

"[Mutane] suna tunanin hakan yana faruwa ne kawai a ƙasashe masu tasowa ko kuma a wasu addinai. Amma a'a - yana faruwa a Amurka ma," in ji Lane.

Masu fafutuka sun ce rashin wayar da kai kan aurar da yara ƙanana matsala ce a Amurka, ga kuma batun wariyar jinsi, yana sa yin garambawul a fannin shari'a yi matuƙar wahala.

"Ga waɗannan mazajen auren wata hanya ce ta gujewa tuhumar aikata laifuka. Ina roƙon ƴan majalisa da kar su yarda," in ji Lane.

"Kuma ga waɗanda suka yi jayayya cewa a 16 ko 17 ya riga ya kasance soyayya ta gaskiya - Haka ne. Amma Idan ƙauna ce ta gaskiya, za ta ci gaba da kasancewa ƙauna ta gaskiya lokacin da su ka kai shekara 18."