Ko katse intanet a Iran zai zama na dindindin?

Iran ta shiga kwana 10 ba tare da intanet ba, karon farko da aka yi wa intanet ɗin ƙasar katsewa mai tsanani a tarihi, inda mutane miliyan 92 ne ke fuskantar matsalar katsewar intanet ɗin lamarin da ya hana aikawa da saƙwonni da kuma amfani da waya.

A ranar 8 ga watan Janairun bana ne gwamnatin Iran ta katse intanet don tarwatsa masu yi mata bore da kuma hana ƙasashen ganin yadda gwamnatin Iran za ta yi wa masu zanga-zanga dirar mikiya.

Ministan Harkokin Wajen Iran, Abbas Araghchi ya ce an katse intanet ne a matsayin mayar wa da ƴan ta'adda daga ƙasashen ƙetare martani.

Gwamnati ba ta sanar da ranar da za a mayar da intanet ɗin ba, amma rahotanni sun yi nuni da cewar akwai yiwuwar hukumoni za su taƙaita amfani da intanet a ƙasar.

Ranar 15 ga Janairu kafar yaɗa labarai ta Iran Wire ta ruwaito daga mai magaa da yawun gwamnati, Fatemeh Mohajerani tana shaida wa manema labarai cewa ba za a samu damar amfani da intanet ba har sai ƙarshen watan Maris.

Masu sanya ido kan ƴancin amfani da intanet a FilterWatch sun ce suna ganin gwamnati za ta ƙaddamar da wasu sauye-sauye da ka'idoji don cire Iran daga internet ɗin duniya.

FilterWatch ta ce, "Bai kamata a yi tsammanin sake bude intanet na duniya ba, sannan masu amfani da internet ba zasu samu internet yadda take a baya ba."

Duk da cewar BBC ba ta tabbatar da sahihancin wannan rahoto ba ,amma ƴan jaridar da suka yi magana da BBC sun ce an gaya musu cewa ba za a dawo da intanet cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci ba.

"Daga taƙaitacciyar dakatarwa aka fara''

Iran ta kwashe shekaru tana sanya wa harkokin intanet ido tare da toshe manhajojin sada zumunta da kafafen wallafa labarai na duniya da dama da suka haɗa da BBC.

Duk da haka mutane da dama sun sami damar shiga fitattun manhajoji kamar Instagram ta hanyar amfani da (VPN).

Masu fafutukar ƴancin amfani da Intanet ta hanyar Access Now sun ce Iran ta yi amfani da katse internet a matsayin hanyar ɓoye yadda ta ke amfani da ƙarfi wajen murƙushe masu zanga-zanga, kamar yadda aka gani ya yin wani katse intanet a fadin ƙasar lokacin zanga-zangar watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 2019 da Satumba 2022.

An ayyana katse intanet ya yin rikicin Iran da Isra'ila a watan Yunin shekara ta 2025.

To amma katsewar da aka yi a wannan lokaci ta yi tsawo fiye da waɗanda aka yi a baya.

Cikin wata sanarwa da Acces Now ta fitar ta ce tilas a mayar da intanet.

"Dakatar da intanet a ma'aikatunmasu muhimmanci ya sanya mahukunta ɓoye yadda suka take haƙƙin al'umma," in ji Access Now.

Tuni an samu rahotannin yadda katse intanet ya haifar wa rayuwar al'umma ƙalubale musamman ɓangaren masana'antu da kasuwanci ta intanet wato e-commerce.

A ranar 18 ga watan Janairu Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ƴan Adam ta (HRANA) ta ce adadin masu zanga-zanga da suka rasa rayukansu ya kai sama da 3,300, waɗanda kuma ake binciken dalilin mutuwarsu sun kai sama da 4,380. Ta kuma fitar da rahoton da ya ce an kama mutane 24,266 a birane 187.

Mutanen da aka kashe da waɗanda aka kama sun fi haka to amma rashin intanet ba zai bayar da damar tantancewa ba.

Amir Rashidi daraktan ƙungiyar Miaan Group wanda ke gudanar da ƙungiyar Kula da ƴancin amfani da intanet ta FilterWatch ya shaida wa BBC cewa ya yi imani mahukunta za su fito da tsarin da amfani da intanet ɗin duniya ba zai yiwu ba sai da izini.

Za a samu dama ta hanyar yin rajista, ya na sa rai dama an tanadi tsarin tun shekaru da dama.

Wane ne zai faɗi makomar intanet?

A cewar FilterWatch ba a batun tsare-tsaren a fili, sai dai ana tattauna muhimman matakan da za a ɗauka tare da hukumomin tsaro.

Sai dai masu sharhi sun yi gargaɗin cewa zai yi wuya a yi aiki da tsare-tsaren saboda matsin tattalin arziki da ƙalubalen fasaha.

Idan Iran ta ci gaba da shirin da rahotanni suka bayyana, za ta bi sahun Rasha da China.

China ce sahun gaba a duniya wajen sanya ƙa'idar amfani da intanet .

Abin da ake kira Great Firewall na China shi ne ya toshe hanyar da ƴan ƙasar za su yi amfani da intanet ɗin duniya da kuma manhajojin ƙasashen waje kamar Facebook da Instagram da kuma YouTube ba a iya samun su ba tare da VPN ba - sannan ana shan wahala wajen amfani da su.

A cikin shekara ta 2019 Rasha ta fara gwajin wani shiri don ƙirƙirar irin wannan tsarin mai suna Ru-net.

Rasha za ta wuce China wajen shirin janye kanta daga intanet ɗin da ya haɗe duniya baki ɗaya ta hanyar samar da ''kill switch'' wanda zai riƙa amfani da shi a lokutan rikici.

Mece ce makomar intanet ɗin?

Idan rahotanni sun tabbata akwai alama Iran na shirin aikin sarrafa intanet tare China da Rasha a matakin dindindin.

''A Iran da alama an ɗauki matakin hana kowa amfani da intanet sai da amincewar gwamnati," in ji masanin harkokin kwanfuta Farfesa Alan Woodward daga jami'ar Surrey ta Birtaniya bayan nazarin rahotannin shirye-shiryen Iran

Amir Rashidi ya ce batun ya tashi daga na fasaha ya koma batun siyasa- yana mai cewa fara aiwatar da irin waɗannan tsare-tsare a yanzu ya dogara da siyasa.

Starlink tare da sauran masu raba intanet da aka fi sani da Low Earth Orbit (LEO) sun zamar wa Iran ƙalubale lokacin zanga-zanga.

LEO ya bai wa masu amfani da shi damar samun intanet ta tauraron ɗan'Adam a lokacin da aka katse intanet.

Gwamnati ta samu damar kutsawa wasu daga cikin masu amfani da Starlink, amma an tabbatarwa BBC sauran kafofin samar da internet sun ci gaba da aiki bayan sun ƙara inganta kayan aikinsu lokacin da aka katse internet ɗin.

Tauraron ɗan'Adam ɗin da ke samar da intanet na Elon Musk ya sauƙaƙa farashinsa ga masu amfani da shi a Iran.

Duk da ƙarin kayan aikin da gwamnatoci ke amfani da su, Woodward na ganin internet za ta yi nasara a gaba.

"Babu abin da zai hana kowa ya samu damar amfani da intanet a duniya to amma gwamnatocin da ke take haƙƙin ƴan'Adama za su yi ta kwan gaba kwan baya'', in ji Woodward.