Henry Kissinger: Jami'in diflomasiyyar da ya sauya al'amuran duniya

Henry Kissinger - wanda ya mutu, yana da shekara 100, a gidansa na jihar Connecticut - ya raba kawunan mutane.

Jami'in wanda ya himmatu wajen aiwatar da “zahirin al'amura” a dangantaka da ƙasashen waje, an ba shi lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel, kuma an yi Allah-wadai da shi a matsayin mai laifin yaƙi.

A matsayinsa na mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro kuma sakataren wajen Amurka, ya himmatu wajen aiwatar da manufar rage tsamin dangantaka - wadda ta gyara alaka da Tarayyar Sobiyet da China.

Harkokin diflomasiyyar da ya yi sun taimaka wajen kawo karshen rikicin Larabawa da Isra'ila a 1973; da kuma tattaunawa don cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Paris wadda ta fitar da Amurka daga dogon mafarkin da ta yi a Vietnam.

Sai dai magoya bayansa sun kwatanta hanyar da Kessinger ke bi a matsayin tsarin siyasa a kan doron zahirin abin da ke faruwa maimakon tunanin ya kamata, tare da yin Allah-wadai da shi da cewa abin da ya yi rashin ɗa'a ne.

An zarge shi da - goyon bayan juyin mulkin da ya kifar da gwamnatin masu ra'ayin rikau a ƙasar Chile, da kuma rufe ido ga "kazamin yakin" sojojin Argentina a kan al'ummar kasar.

Da jin cewa Kissinger ya samu kyautar Nobel, ɗan wasan barkwanci Tom Lehrer ya bayyana cewa lamarin da "Shakiyancin siyasa".

Tserewa ƴan Nazi a Jamus

An haifi Heinz Alfred Kissinger ranar 27 ga watan Mayun 1923, cikin wani iyali na matsakaita waɗanda suka kasance Yahudawa a jihar Bavaria.

Daga baya iyalan suka tserewa gallazawar ƴan Nazi, sai dai sun shiga cikin iyalan Jamus Yahudawa a birnin New York a 1938.

"Henry" ya kasance matashi mai jin kunya, wanda bai manta asalinsa ba da kuma ke son wasan kwallon kafa.

Ya halarci makarantar sakandare da dare, yayin da yake aiki a masana'antar goge-goge da rana; kuma ya shirya yin karatun akanta, amma an sa shi cikin aikin soja.

Bayan shiga aikin soja, an yi amfani da kwakwalwarsa da ƙwarewar harshensa ta hanyar bayanan soja. Kissinger ya ga artabu a lokacin yaƙin Bulge, kuma ya samu kansa yana gudanar da wani garin Jamus da aka kama - duk da cewa yana da matsayi na daban.

A karshen yaƙin, ya shiga sashen duba bayanan sirri.

An bai wa matashin mai shekaru 23 wata tawagar da za ta farauto tsoffin jami’an ƴan sanda na sirri, tare da cikakken ikon kamawa da tsare waɗanda ake tuhuma.

Yaƙin nukiliya

Bayan dawowarsa Amurka, ya karanci kimiyyar siyasa a jami'ar Harvard - abin ya ƙara masa matsayi a fannin ilimi.

A 1957, ya buga wani littafi, Yaƙin Nukiliya da Siyasar Waje - wanda ya ce iyakantaccen yaƙin nukiliya yana iya yin nasara. An kwantar da shi a cikin yaren da ba a so, ya yi iƙirarin cewa dabaru yin amfani da sabon nau'in ƙaramin makami mai linzami na iya zama mai tasiri.

Littafin ya lura da shi. Dogon tafiyar Kissinger zuwa shahara da tasiri ya fara; kuma ka'idar "ƙananan yakin nukiliya" har yanzu yana da tasiri.

Littafin ya sa an ƙara sanin shi. Daga nan dogon tafiyar Kissinger zuwa shahara da tasiri ta fara; kuma ka'idar "yaƙin nukiliya" har yanzu tana da tasiri.

Ya zama mataimaki ga gwamnan New York kuma mai fatan shugaban ƙasa Nelson Rockefeller. Kuma lokacin da Richard Nixon ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Amurka a 1968, an bai wa Kissinger mukamin babban mai ba da shawara kan harkar tsaro.

Dangantaka ce mai sarkakiya. Shugaban ya yi dogaro da shawarar Kissinger kan alakar ƙasa da ƙasa, amma ya karkata ga nuna kyamar Yahudawa da kuma zargin Yahudawan Amurkawa.

Lokacin da yaƙin cacar baka ya kai kololuwa: An guje wa Armageddon kan Cuba, inda har a lokacin sojojin Amurka na cikin Vietnam kuma Rasha ta mamaye Prague a baya-bayan nan.

Rage tsamin dangantaka

Sai dai Nixon da Kissinger sun tashi haikan don rage tsamin dangantaka da Tarayyar Soviet: ta hanyar dawo da tattaunawa don rage girman makaman nukiliyarsu.

Haka ma, an buɗe wani taron tattaunawa da gwamnatin China, ta hanyar Firimiyan ƙasar Zhou Enlai. Hakan ya kyautata dangantaka tsakanin China da Amurka, da matsin lamba na diflomasiyya kan shugabannin Soviet - waɗanda ke fargabar makwabtan nasu.

Ƙoƙarin Kissinger ya janyo ziyarar tarihi da Nixon ya kai zuwas China a 1972, lokacin da ya haɗu da Zhou da Mao Zedong - hakan kuma ya kawo karshen mayar da ita saniyar ware a ɓangaren diflomasiyya da kuma rage tsamin dangantaka tsakaninsu.

Vietnam

A halin yanzu, Amurka tana ƙoƙarin cire kanta daga Vietnam.

"Zaman lafiya tare da girmamawa" wata muhimmiyar alƙawari na zaɓen Nixon; kuma Kissinger ya daɗe da yanke cewa duk wani nasarar da sojojin Amurka suka samu ba shi da ma'ana - saboda ba za su iya "cimma gaskiyar siyasa da za ta iya tsira daga janyewar mu ba."

Ya shiga tattaunawa da Arewacin Vietnam, amma ya amince da Nixon don ɓoye hare-haren bama-bamai a kan Cambodia - a ƙoƙarin hana 'yan gurguzu sojoji da kayayyaki.

Manufar ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar fararen hula akalla 50,000; kuma taɓarɓarewar al'amura a ƙasar ya haifar da yaƙin basasar Cambodia da kuma muguwar mulkin Pol Pot.

A yayin wani gagarumin shawarwarin da aka yi da Viet Cong a birnin Paris, Kissinger - wanda a lokacin yake sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka - ya tattauna don janye sojojin Amurka daga Kudancin Vietnam.

Hakan ya sa ya samu lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel - tare da Le Duc Tho na Arewacin Vietnam - matakin da masu fafutukar zaman lafiya suka yi wa suka.

Kissinger ya karɓi kyautar "cikin kaskas da kai", kuma ya ba da kyautar kuɗi da ya samu ga yaran sojojin Amurka da aka kashe a rikicin. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, lokacin da sojojin gurguzu suka mamaye Kudancin Vietnam, ya yi ƙoƙarin mayar da ita.

Tsarin siyasa da ke amfani da zahirin al'amari maimakon akidoji

Shiga tsakaninsa ya yi ya haifar da tsagaita wuta a yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila a 1973.

Na'urar sirri na Nixon a fadar White House ya naɗi firaministan Isra'ila Golda Meir tana mika godiyarta ga yadda shi da Kissinger suka yi da kasarta.

Amma bayan ta tafi, kaset ɗin ya bayyana wani duhun tsarin siyasa da ke amfani da zahirin al'amari maimakon akidoji.

Kissinger da Nixon ba su da wata niyya ta matsin lamba kan Tarayyar Soviet don barin Yahudawan Rasha su nemi sabuwar rayuwa a Isra'ila.

Kissinger ya ce, hijirar Yahudawa daga Tarayyar Soviet ba manufa ce ta manufofin ketare na Amurka ba. "Kuma idan suka sanya yahudawa cikin ɗakunan iskar gas a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, ba abin da zai dami Amurka ba ne. Watakila matsalar jin kai."

Zaɓen Salvador Allende a matsayin shugaban Chile, duk da haka, ya dagula Amurka. Sabuwar gwamnatin ta kasance mai goyon bayan Cuba da kamfanonin Amurka.

Hukumar leken asirin Amurka ta CIA ta gudanar da ayyuka a ɓoye a ƙasar Chile, a ƙoƙarinta na taimakawa 'yan adawa wajen hamɓarar da sabuwar gwamnati. Kissinger ya jagoranci kwamitin da ya ba da izinin ɗaukar matakin.

“Ban ga dalilin da ya sa muke buƙatar tsayawa mu kalli yadda ƙasar ke bin tsarin gurguzu ba saboda rashin hakki na al’ummarta,” inji shi. "Batutuwan suna da matukar mahimmanci ga masu jefa kuri'a na Chile da a bar su suka yanke shawara da kansu ba."

Daga karshe dai sojoji sun shiga; kuma Allende ya mutu a wani mummunan juyin mulkin da Janar Pinochet ya kwace mulki. Ta fito cewa da yawa daga cikin sojojinsa sun karɓi kuɗi daga CIA.

A cikin 'yan shekarun baya, Kissinger da kansa, kotuna da dama sun zarge shi da laifin cin zarafin bil'adama da kuma mutuwar 'yan ƙasashen waje a karkashin mulkin soja.