Yadda ƴanmatan zamani ke daskarar da ƙwan haihuwa don rage nauyin neman mijin aure

"Ban gane irin nauyin da nake ji ba wajen neman soyayya sai bayan da na daskarar da ƙwan haihuwata, sannan na ji kamar nauyin ya sauka a kaina," in ji Libby Wilson, wadda ta daskarat da ƙwanta tana da shekaru 25.

Tana daga cikin ƙarin matasa mata 'yan Gen Z masu shekarunta da ke ƙoƙarin adana damar haihuwa, saboda rashin tabbas a batun aure da dangantaka, da kuma burin jin daɗin rayuwarsu ba tare da fargabar lokacin da ba za su haihuwa ba zai zo..

Ana haifar mata da dukkan ƙwan haihuwarsu, amma adadi da ingancinsu na raguwa da shekaru, abin da ke iya sa samun ciki ya yi wahala.

Tun farkon shekarun 2000, daskarar da ƙwan haihuwa ba tare da dalilin rashin lafiya ba ta ƙara shahara sosai, musamman a wajen mata masu shekaru 30. Amma yanzu, matasa mata ma suna ƙara shiga wannan tsarin.

Ana yin wannan tsari a ƙasashe da dama, amma dokokinsa sun bambanta. A ƙasar China, ba a yarda mata waɗanda ba su yi aure ba su daskarar da ƙwan haihuwa ba idan ba dalilin rashin lafiya ba ne, yayin da a wasu ƙasashe kamar Austria ma an haramta shi ga irinsu idan babu dalilin lafiya.

A Birtaniya, alkaluman Hukumar Harkokin Haihuwa da Embryology (HFEA) sun nuna cewa adadin daskarar da ƙwan haihuwa da matasa mata masu shekaru 18 zuwa 24 suka yi ya ƙaru da kashi 46 cikin shekaru huɗu.

Ya tashi daga 196 a 2019 zuwa 287 a 2023, yayin da a tsakanin mata masu shekaru 30 zuwa 34 ya ƙaru daga 505 zuwa 2,012.

Sai dai likitoci na gargadi cewa nasarar wannan tsari babu tabbas, domin yiwuwar cewa ƙwan da aka daskarar zai haifar da jariri ƙarami ne.

"Neman mijin aure babban jidali ne"

Nastya Swan ƴar shekara 25, wadda ta shafe shekaru takwas tana rayuwa a Amurka, ta daskarar da ƙwanta na haihuwa a bara. Ta ce ta san tana da ƙarancin shekaru, amma ta daɗe ba ta da saurayi kuma ta san tana son zama uwa a nan gaba.

"Na kan yi taka-tsantsan wajen zaɓar mutumin da zan gina rayuwata da shi. Amma gaskiya soyayya a wannan zamanin ta rikice, sai a hankali," in ji ta.

Nastya, 'yar asalin Rasha, ta ce lokacin da ta faɗa wa mahaifinta za ta daskarar da ƙwanta, sai ya yi mata dariya sosai, yana cewa: "Ki ji daɗin rayuwarki kawai, kina da ƙuruciya har yanzu."

Amma daga baya iyalinta suka goyi bayanta.

Sai dai Gitanjali Banerjee, wadda ta kafa dandalin tallafin haihuwa na Indiya da ake kira da Fertility Dost ta ce duk da ƙaruwa a fahimtar mata game da wannan batu, irin waɗannan martani kan sa wasu su ji ƙyama.

"Wasu mata na cewa, 'iyalina ma ba sa fahimtar aikina, ta yaya za su fahimci daskarar da ƙwan haihuwa?'" in ji ta.

Ta ƙara da cewa wasu mata na damuwa da yadda mazan da za su aura ko surukai za su ɗauki wannan mataki, musamman idan auren haɗi ne yadda aka saba a Indiya, domin har yanzu akwai kyama da haramta magana game da magungunan haihuwa.

Cutar PCOS na iya zama sila

Libby 'yar Ostiraliya na fama da cutar Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), wata matsalar hormone da kan janyo ƙalubale wajen samun juna biyu, kuma tana shafar kusan mace 1 cikin 10 a duniya.

"Wannan ne ya sa na ƙara sha'awar bincike sosai kan daskarar da ƙwan haihuwa," in ji ta.

A cewar Dr Zeynep Gurtin, malamar lafiyar mata a wata Jami'ar da ke London kuma mamba a hukumar HFEA, mafi yawan mata matasa na daskarar da ƙwan haihuwa ne saboda dalilan lafiya, kamar maganin cutar daji.

Ta ce ƙarin yawan masu yin hakan na nuna yadda mata matasa ke ƙara fahimtar wasu cututtuka, kamar gazawar mahaifa (primary ovarian insufficiency), inda mahaifa ke daina aiki yadda ya kamata kafin mace ta kai shekara 40, ko kuma endometriosis, wadda ke faruwa idan ƙwayoyin mahaifa suka girma a wasu sassan jiki.

Haka kuma, mata na ƙara samun damar amfani da fasahohin binciken haihuwa, kamar gwajin Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH). Wannan gwajin jini na nuna adadin ƙwan haihuwa da ya saura a mahaifa, kuma ana samun sa a intanet a sassa daban-daban na duniya ba tare da takardar likita ba.

Sai dai Misis Banerjee, wadda ta kafa Fertility Dost, ta ce wasu marasa lafiya na ɗaukar gwajin kamar "takardar sakamakon haihuwa", alhali kuwa ƙaramin ɓangare ne kawai na fahimtar halin haihuwa.

Ta jaddada cewa gwajin AMH ba ya nuna ingancin ƙwan haihuwa ko sauƙin samun ciki, kuma wasu bincike sun nuna cewa wasu gwaje-gwajen ba sa bayar da sahihin sakamako.

Farashin daskarar da ƙwan haihuwa na iya zama ƙalubale

Farashin daskarar da ƙwan haihuwa na iya hana mutane da dama yin sa, domin yana bambanta amma sau da yawa yana kai dubban kuɗi, tare da ƙarin kuɗin ajiyar ƙwan haihuwar na wata-wata.

A Ostiraliya, Libby ta ce aikin ya kai kimanin dala $11,000, sannan ana biyan kusan $50 a kowane wata na ajiya.

Ta amince cewa wannan nauyi ne sosai ga ɗaliban jami'a.

Ta cire kuɗin daga ajiyar fanshonta kafin nan ta iya biyan kuɗin daskarar mata da ƙwai, amma ta ce ta gamsu da shawarar da ta yanke. "Wannan na iya zamai min bambanci tsakanin samun yara ko rashin samun su," in ji ta.

Wasu mata sun ce aikin daskarar da ƙwan bai kasance mai sauƙi ba kamar yadda suka zata ba.

Mora Mónaco 'yar Argentina ta yanke shawarar daskarar da ƙwan haihuwarta tana da shekara 26, bayan shawarar wata kawarta. Likitanta ya ce mata shekarunta sun dace sosai, amma ta gano cewa adadin ƙwan haihuwarta ya yi ƙasa, kuma ta sha wahala wajen samun su, lamarin da ya girgiza ta ƙwarai.

Idan mace ta yi shirin samun ciki, ana narkar da ƙwan haihuwar da aka daskarar, a yi amfani da su wajen maganin samun haihuwa kamar IVF. Amma likitoci sun ce babu wani ɓangare na wannan tsari da yake da tabbacin nasara.

Abubuwa da dama na iya shafar samun nasara, kamar shekaru da lafiya da yadda aka daskarar da ƙwan da kuma ingancin maniyyi.

A cewar bayanan HFEA na shekarar 2016, kashi 18 kacal na waɗanda suka daskarar da ƙwan haihuwa an samu nasarar haifar jarirai.

Dr Zeynep Gurtin ta ce yana da muhimmanci mace ta samu cikakken bayani kafin ta yanke shawara, domin daskarar da ƙwan haihuwa ba tabbacin haihuwa ba ne.

Ta kuma jero wasu haɗurra, kamar sauyin yanayi da kumburi da ciwon kai da ciwon ciki, da kuma wata cuta mai hatsari amma ba kasafai ake samu ba da ke shafar mahaifa da za su iya shafar nasarar samun jariri bayan daskarar da ƙwai.

Duk da haka, Mora ta ce ta yi iya bakin ƙoƙarinta wajen kare ƙwan haihuwarta, inda ta samu ta daskarar da ƙwai tara bayan zagaye uku na aiki.

Amma Dr Gurtin ta ce mata ƙasa da shekara 24 ba su da buƙatar damuwa yanzu, domin suna da isasshen lokaci.