Muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a duniya a 2021

Shekara ta 2021 ta zo ƙarshe, kuma ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da za a iya cewa shi ne shekarar cike take da al'amura masu kyau da munana da suka auku.

Batutuwa kamar yaki da annobar korona da al'ummomi a ƙasashen duniya suka ƙagara su ga bayanta da kuma rikice-rikicen da suka auku a ƙasashe daga Myanmar zuwa Habasha har zuwa na Falasɗinawa da Yahudawa sun mamaye yawan kwanakin shekarar.

Sai dai baya ga su, akwai wasu batutuwa masu daɗin ji da suka auku.

Ga muhimman abubuwa 10 da suka auku a fadin duniya a shekarar 2021:

10. Yarjejeniyar tsaro ta AUKUS tsakanin Amurka da Australia da Birtaniya

Ranar 15 ga watan Satumba, Shugaban Amurka Joe Biden da Firaministan Ostreliya Scott Morrison da Firaministan Birtaniya Boris Johnson suka sanar da wata yarjejniya da kasashen uku suka kulla mai suna AUKUS.

Abu mafi muhimmanci game da wannan yarjejeniyar ta tsaro shi ne Amurka ta yi alkawarin ba Ostreliya wata fasaha da za ta ba ta damar ƙera jiragen ƙarkashin ruwa takwas masu amfani da makamashin nukiliya.

Birtaniya ce kawai ta taɓa karɓar irin wannan fasahar daga Amurka tsakanin ƙasashen duniya.

Masu nazarin siyasar duniya sun ce an ƙulla yarjejeniyar ce kawai domin tunkarar ƙarfin da China ke kara samu a yankin tekun Pacific, amma ba ita kaɗai lamarin ya shafa ba domin Faransa ta bayyana fushinta jim kadan bayan da aka sanar da ƙulla yarjejniyar har ta kai ga ta janye jakadunta daga Ostreliya da Amurka.

9. Raguwar 'yan ci-rani da masu hijira zuwa ƙasashen Turai da Amurka

An sami raguwar masu yin hijira daga ƙasashe matalauta zuwa na yammacin Turai, matakin da ya kasance ci gaba ne da halin da duniya ke ciki tun 2020 a dalilin bayyanar annobar korona.

Sai dai wannan bai hana wasu ƙasashen fuskantar ƙaruwar masu son yin hijira ba. A misali, alƙaluman masu son shiga Amurka ta ɓarauniyar hanya sun zarce mutum 1,700,000 - wanda tun shekarar 1960 ba a taɓa samun yawan mutane kamar na bana ba.

Annobar korona da kisan gillar da aka yi wa shugaban Haiti da kuma wata gagarumar girgizar ƙasa a Haitin sun taimaka wajen raba dubban 'yan ƙasar da muhallansu, lamarin da ya tilasta musu ficewa daga ƙasar domin neman sabuwar rayuwa a Amurka.

Tarayyar Turai kawai ta sami ƙaruwar kashi 70 cikin 100 na masu yin hijira idan aka kwatanta da shekarar bara.

Batun makamasin nukiliyar Iran

Da farkon shekarar 2021, gwamnatin Amurka ta yi fatan sake ƙullla wata yarjejeniya kan batun makamashin nukiliyar ƙasar Iran bayan da tsohuwar gwamnatin Donald Trump ta yi watsi da ita.

A watan Fabrairu, sai sabon shugaba Joe Biden ya amince da gayyatar da Tarayyar Turai ta aika wa Amurka na sake shiga tattaunawa domin ƙulla sabuwar yarjejeniya, amma sai watan Afrilu aka fara wani abu kan batun.

An tattauna har sau shida gabanin zaɓen shugaban kasar da aka yi a Iran a watan Yuni wanda ya kawo Ibrahim Raisi kan karagar mulki.

Zuwa ƙarshen wannan shekarar, tattaunawar ba ta cimma wani abu ba, kuma Iran ta nuna alamar janyewa baki ɗaya daga tattaunawar da ake yi, musamman bayan wani harin da aka kai kan wani sansanin binciken makamashin nukiliyar ƙasar a tsakiyar watan Afrilu, harin da Iran ta ɗora alhakinsa kan Israila.

Harkokin cinikayya sun gamu da cikas a ƙasashe masu ƙarfin tattalin arziki

An dai shafe shekaru masu yawa kamfanoni na mayar da harkokin samarwa da ƙere-ƙeren kayayyin da suke haɗawa zuwa wasu kasashen ƙetare.

Amma bayyanar annobar korona ta haifar da tarin matsaloli saboda matakan kulle da killace jama'a sun sa ƙasashe masu yawa sun fuskanci cikas wajen samar da kayayyakin da kamfanoninsu ke ƙerawa.

Saboda haka ne da tattalin arzikin ƙasashe ya fara farfadowa a wannan shekarar saboda janye matakan kullen da gwmantoci suka riƙa yi, sai buƙatun kayayyaki ya ƙaru matuƙa.

Ba da jimawa ba sai ƙarancin kayayyaki ya bayyana, musamman ma da wani katafaren jirgin ruwa mai jigilar kaya mai suna Ever Given ya maƙale a mashigar ruwa ta Suez Canal, lamarin da ya hana ɗaruruwan jiragen ruwa isa kasashen da suka nufa domin sauke dakonsu na tsawon kwanaki masu yawa.

Kayayyakin da lamarin ya haifar da ƙarancin su sun haɗa da kan fetur da man ja da nama kaji da auduga da sauran kayan abinci. A Amurka inda daga farkon bayyanar annobar korona aka sami raguwar ma'aikata miliyan biyar, wannan koma bayan ya kara dagula lamurra.

Komawar ƙungiyar Taliban Afghanistan

Ƙungiyar Taliban ta koma bisa karagar mulki a Afghanistan bayan da ta ƙwace dukkan lardunan kasar a sanadiyyar ficewar da Amurka da ƙawayenta na yammacin duniya kamar Birtaniya da Ostreliya suka yi.

A shekarar 2020, tsohon shugaba Donald Trump ya kulla wata yarjejeniya da ƴan Taliban, wadda ta kunshi janye dukkan dakarun Amurka daga ƙasar ranar 1 ga watan Mayun 2021. Amma mako biyu kafin cikar wa'adin sai sabon shugaban kasar Joe Biden ya matsa da ranar ficewar zuwa 11 ga watan Satumba - ranar da Amurkawa ke tunawa da harin 11 ga watan Satumba da aka kai wa Amurka shekaru ashirin da suka gabata.

Jim kadan bayan da Amurka ta fara janye dakarun nata, sai mayakan Taliban suka mamaye kusan dukkan lardunan ƙasar, kuma gwamnatin ƙasar ta ruguje cikin kwanaki bayan da shugaba Ashraf Ghani ya tsere zuwa Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa.

Yaƙin basasar ƙasar Habasha

A nahiyar Afirka kuwa, rikici tsakanin gwamnatin Habasha da jagororin yankin Tigray da ke arewacin ƙasar ya kara ƙazancewa, har ta kai ga ya rikiɗe ya zama yaƙin basasa.

Bayan da aka zaɓi Abiy Ahmed a matsayin firaministan ƙasar na farko daga cikin ƴan ƙabilar Oromo, ya ɗauki wasu matakai da suka haifar da rikici tsakanin gwamnatinsa da 'yan yankin Tigray, matakan sun haɗa da korar kungiyar TPLF ta Tigray daga gwamnatinsa.

Wannan bai wa TPLF ɗin daɗi ba saboda ta shafe gomman shekaru tana jan zarenta a siyasar kasar babu hamayya.

Zuwa watan Nuwamba, mayaƙan TPLF sun koro dakarun gwamnatin Habasha daga yankinsu har sun nausa zuwa yankunan da ke zagaye da babban birnin ƙasar Addis Ababa, bayan sun sami taimako daga wasu ƙungiyoyin da ke adawa da mulkin shugaba Abiy Ahmed.

Sai dai abin mamakin shi ne ƙungiyoyin sun fito ne daga yankin da shugaba Abiy Ahmed ya fito kuma 'yan uwansa 'yan kabilar Oromo ne da su ka koma suna marawa 'yan Tigray ɗin baya.

Mulkin demokraɗiyya ya fuskanci koma-baya a duniya

A Amurka, wannan matsalar ta fara bayyana ne tun bara, lokacin da tsohon shugaba Donald Trump ya ki amincewa da dukkan sakamakon zabukan da jam'iyyar Democrat ta lashe.

Amma a watan Janairu lamarin ya kazance, bayan da magoya bayan Mista Trump suka afka cikin ginin majalisar kasar suna kokarin hana 'yan majalisar tabbatar da zaben mutumin da ya lashe zaben shugaban kasa, wato Joe Biden.

Amma ba Amurka ce kadai ba, domin a Indiya ma gwamnatin firaminista Narendra Modi ma ta rika dirar mikiya kan masu sukar ta da adawa da salon milkin jam'iyyarsa ta BJP.

Shugaban Brazil Jair Bolsonaro ma ya taka irin wannan mummunan rawan bayan da ya rika nuna shakku kan zabukan da ak yi a kasarsa.

Akwai kuma kasashe da suka tumbuke gwamnatocin da ke kan hayar kafa mulkin demokraɗiyya ta hanyar juyin mulki. Kasashen sun hada da Myanmar, Chadi, Mali, Guinea, da Sudan.

Ƙasashen China da Rasha ma sun rika muzgunawa masu adawa da salon mulkinsu, kamar ikon da China ke kara nunawa a Hong Kong da kuma shari'a da garkame Alexei Navalny a kurkuku, mutumin da ke adawa da gwamantin shugaban Rasha Vladimir Putin.

An rantsar da sabon shugaban Amurka Joe Biden

Sai kuma batun zaɓen Amurka wanda ya kawo ƙarshen mulkin Donald Trump na jam'iyyar Republican, shugaba na farko a tarihin Amurka da majalisar kasar ta tsige sau biyu.

A farkon shekarar ta 2021 aka rantsar da Joe Biden na jam'iyyar Democrat bayan da ya sami nasara a zaɓen shugaban kasa da aka yi a watan Nuwambar 2020.

Ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, Mista Biden ya kama aiki da cika alƙawuran da yayi wa Amurkawa na sake gina dangantaka da ƙasashen waje - bayan tsohon shugaba Trump ya shafe shekaru huɗu na wa'adin mulkinsa yana warware su.

Sai dai saboda tasirin annobar korona kan tattalin arziki da kuma karin ƙarfin fada a ji da China da Rasha ke da shi a siyasar duniya, wasu na ganin ba a sami wani gagarumin sauyi a ainihin ɓangaren muradun Amurka da ƙasashen ketare ba.

A misali, Mista Biden ya aiwatar da yawancin tsare-tsaren da mutumin da ya gada ya shirya kamar janyewa sojojin Amurka daga Afghanistan, ci gaba da hana 'yan gudun hijira da 'yan ci-rani shiga Amurka, da taƙaddama da Rasha da China, da kuma ci gaba da juya wa ƙasashen Turai baya, wadanda a da Amurka ba ta wasa da wannan dangantakar.

Riga-kafin annobar korona

Kiwon lafiya ne batu mafi muhimmanci da ya shafi dukkan al'umomin kasashen duniya a wannnan shekarar.

A watannin farko kamfanonin da ke bincike hada riga-kafin annobar korona wadda ta mamaye duniya kuma ta yi sanadin mutuwar miliyoyin jama'a sun sanar da nasarar hada alluran riga-kafin farko da za yi wa jama'a domin ba su kariya daga kamuwa da cutar korona.

Kamfanoni kamar Pfizer da Moderna da AstraZeneca sun bayyana sabbin alluran riga-kafinsu daya bayan daya, matakin da ya faranta wa gwamantoci rai saboda mummunan tasirin da matakan kulleke yi wa tattalin arziki da rayukan al'umominsu.

An samar da alluran rigakafi fiye da biliyan bakwai cikin watanni 11 na wannan shekarar inda aka raba su ga jama'a a kasashe 184 na duniya.

Sai dai wata matsala ta kunno kai, inda yawancin kasashe masu karfin tatalin arziki suka rika saye yawancin alluran rigakafin domin amfanin hjama'arsu, suka bar kasashe a nahiyoyin Asiya da kudancin Amurka da kuma Afirka su samarwa kansu mafita.

Kuma duk da cewa Hukumar lafiya ta MDD ta samr da wani shiri mai suna COVAX wanda ke kokarin smar wa irin wadannan kasashen alluran riga-kafin kan farashi mai rahusa ko makyauta, har zuwa karshen wannan shekara, babu abin da ya sauay.

Bayyanar nau'ika na annobar kamar Delta da Omicron sun kara tayar da fargabar da ake da ita cewa bakon da ake murna ya tafi na nan bai tafi ko'ina ba.

Taron koli kan sauyin yanayi na COP 26 a Scotland.

Shugabannin kasashen duniya manya da kanana sun hallara a birnin Glasgow na kasar Scotland domin duba yadda kasashen za su iya rage saurin dumamar da duniya ke yi.

Ba sai an yi dogon bincike ba, amma a wannan shekara ta 2021, an sami aukuwar abubuwan da wannan matsala ta haifar kamar gobara daji da ta rika ci babu kakakutawa a Austarlia da California da kasar Girka.

Sai kuma mamakon ruwan sama da ya zo a kurarren lokaci a Indiya da Nepal, baya ga mummiunar ambaliyar ruwan da ta yi barna a Bellgium da Jamus.

A taron da aka lakaba wa suna COP26 a watan Nuwamba, kasashen duniya sun amince su dauki matakai kamar rage yawan iskar da ke dumama yanayi wadda masana'antu a kasashe masu karfin tattalin arziki ne aka fi samunta.

China da Amurka da sauran kasashen Turai sun rattaba hannu kan sabuwar yarjejniyar, amma masana kimiyya na cewa akwai jan aiki a gabansu idan suna so a cimma wannan matakin.

To baya ga wadannan muhimman batutuwan, akwai kuma wasu kamar haka:

A watan Janairun shekarar ta 2021, Saudiyya ta amince ta sake bude kan iyakarta da makwabciyarta Qatar, matakin da ya kawo karshen rikicin diflomasiyya na shekara uku tsakanin kasashen.

Attajiri Elon Musk mai kamfanin Tesla da ke ƙera motoci masu amfani da lantarki zalla ya zama mutumin da yafi kowa kudi a duniya, inda ya mallaki dala biliyan 186, kuma ya sha gaban Jeff Bezos mai kamfanin Amazon.

An rantsar da Joe Biden a matsayin shugaban Amurka na 46 tare da mataimakiyarsa Kamala Harris a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar kasar ta 49, kuma ita ce mace ta farko kuma bakar fata ko 'yar asalin yankin Asiay ta farko da aka taba zaba ga wannan mukamin.

A watan Fabrairu, majalisar dattawan Amurka ta ki amincewa da hukuncin tsige Donald Trump daga mukaminsa da majalisar wakilan kasar ta yi.

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala 'yar asalin Najeriya ta zama mace ta farko da aka taɓa naɗawa ga mukamin shugabar hukumar ciniki ta duniya wato World Trade Organization.

A karon farko wata zaɓaɓɓiyar gwamnatin demokradiyya ta mika mulki ga wata zababbiyar gwamnati a Nijar, inda tsohon ministan cikin gida Mohamed Bazoum ya gaji Mahammadou Issoufou a matsayin shugaban kasar.

A watan Maris kuwa, Fafaroma Francis na cocin Katolika ne ya kai ziyara irinta ta farko zuwa Iraƙi, inda ya gana da Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani.

A ɗaure tsohon shugaban Faransa Nicholas Sarkozy a kurkuku na tsawon shekara uku bayan da aka same shi da laifin neman ba wani alkali cin hanci.

A watan Afrilu wata takaddama kan ruwa ya janyo barkewar yaki kan iyakar kasashe biyu wato Kyrgystan da Tajikistan, wanda mutum 55 suka halaka kuma wasu 50,000 suka rasa muhallansu.

Shugaba Raúl Castro na Cuba ya sanar da zai sauka daga mukamin shugaban jam'iyyar gurguzu ta kasar, bayan iyalan gidansa sun shafe shekara 60 su na jagorantar kasar.

Wani hari ta intanet da ya auku a watan Afrilu ya janyo rufe bututun mai da ke karkashin kulawa kamfanin Colonial Pipeline a Amurka, kuma Amurka ta dora alhakin kai harin kan masu kutse ta intanet karkashin ikon kasar Rasha ne.

A watan Mayu kuwa, tashin hankali ya barke tsakanin Falasdinawa da Yahudawa bayan da sojojin Isra'ila sun kutsa cikin masallacin al Aƙsa da ke birnin Ƙudus. A sanadin rokokin da kungiyar Hamas mai iko da Zirin Gaza ta rika harbawa cikin Isra'ila da kuma hare-haren sama da Isra'ila ta rika kai wa, gomman mutane sun rasa rayukansu baya ga barnar miliyoyin daloli.

A watan na Mayu dai, sojojin kasar Mali karkashin jagorancin Kanar Assimi Goita sun hambarar da gwamnatin Shugaban kasar Bah Ndaw da Firaminista Moctar Ouane.

A watan Yuni, shugabannin kungiyar kasashen masu karfin tattalin arziki bakwai wato G7 sun amince da kara yawan harajin da suke karba adaga kamfanoni zuwa kashi 15 cikin 100.

Majalisar kasar Isra'ila, wato Knesset ta kada kuri'ar amincewa da sabuwar gwamnatin hadin gambiza ta kasar karkashin jagorancin Naftali Bennett a matsayin sabon Firaminista, matakin ya kawo karshen gwamnatin Benjamin Natanyahu wanda ya shafe shekara 12 yana mulkin kasar.

A Amurka, wata kotu ta yanke hukuncin daurin shekara 22 da wta shida kan dan sanda Derek Chauvin, mutumin da ya kashe Ba'amurke bakar fatan nan George Floyd a birnin Minneapolis.

A watan na Yunin dai, an yanke wa tsohon shugaban Afirka ta Kudu hukuncin wata 15 a gidan kaso saboda bijire wa umarnin kotu da ta kama shi da aikatawa.

A watan Yuli, wasu sojojin haya sun kashe Shugaba Jovenel Moïse a gidansa da ke Pétionville, kuma an ayyana dokar ta baci a fadin kasar.

Kwanaki kadan bayan tsare Mista Zuma, wata mummunar zanga-zanga ta barke a kasar Afirka ta Kudu, inda mutum 337 suka rasa rayukansu kuma an cinna wa manyan shaguna fiye da 200 wuta.

A watan Agusta kuwa, fadar White House ta sanar da makamai da darajarsu ta kai dala miliyan 750 ga Taiwan, matakin da China ta yi tir da shi.

Mujallar Forbes ta bayyana mawakiya Rihanna a matsayin mace mawakaiya da ta fi dukkan mata mawaka kudi, inda mujallar ta ce Rihanna ta mallaki dala biliyan 1.7.

Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Barcelona ta sanar da shahararren dan wasanta Lionel Messi zai bar kungiyar. Dgaa baya dan wasan ya koma kungiyar PSG ta kasar Faransa.

A karshen watan Agusta, shahararran dan wasan kwallon kafa na kungiyar Juventus ya koma Manchester United a karo na biyu. Ronaldo ya bar United zuwa Real Madrid a 2009.

A watan Satumba, Amurkar ta janye wata bukata da ta mika wa Canada cewa kar ta mika wa China wata jami'ar kamfanin sadarwa na Huawei, matakin da ya s aChinar ta saki wasu 'yan Canada biyu da ta kama cikin kasarta.

An halaka wani babban mai aikata laifi mai suna Jitender Maan Gogi yayin da ake ma sa shari'a a wata kotu da ke birnin Delhi na kasar Indiya. Wasu mutane dauke da bindiga ne suka kashe shi bayan sun batar da kama ta hanyar yi shigan lauyoyi.

A watan Oktoba wata ƙungiyar 'yan jarida ta duniya ta wallafa wasu takardun sirri da aka fi sani da Pandora Papers, wadanda a ciki akwai shafuka miliyan 12 da ke nuna yadda masu kuɗi da masu mulki a ƙasashen duniya ke sacewa da ɓoye kuɗaɗe a wasu ƙasashen ƙetare domin gujewa biyan haraji da hukuncin da za a iya yanke mu su.

An ba wasu 'yan jarida biyu - wato Maria Ressa ta Philippines da Dmitry Muratov na Rasha - lambar yabo ta Nobel saboda ƙoƙarin da suke yi na kare 'yancin faɗan albarkacin baki a duniya.

Sojojin Sudan sun ƙwace iko a kasar bayan da su ka rusa gwamnatin haɗin kai ta ƙasar da fararen hula ke jagoranta, kuma sun ayyana dokar ta baci.

Attajiri Mark Zuckerberg mai kamfanonin fasahar sadarwa na Facebook da Instagram da kuma WhatsApp ya sanar da kamfanin Facebook zai sauya sunansa zuwa Meta.

A watan Nuwamba Firaministan Iraƙi Mustafa al-Kadhimi ya tsallake rijiya da baya bayan da ya tsira da ransa daga harin da aka kai ma sa da wani jirgi maras matuki.

Alƙaluma daga Jami'ar Johns Hopkins sun tabbatar da yawan wadanda suka mutu daga cutar korona sun zarce mutum miliyan biyar a fadin duniya, amma akwai hasashen da ake yi cewa ainihin waɗanda su ka mutun sun nunka haka.

A watan Disamba kuwa, Rasha ta tura sojojinta kan iyakarta da kasar Ukraine ne, har ta kai ga Amurka ta gargaɗi shugaba Vladimir Putin cewa za ta ɗauki kwararan matakai idan sojojin Rasha suka kutsa cikin kasar ta Ukraine.