Ihindagurika ry'ibihe: Umwimbu w'ibitoro witezwe kwongerekana cane mu myaka cumi iza

Imigambi ibihugu bifise yo kwimba ibitoro gushika mu 2030 iteye kubiri n'icifuzo c'uko ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe kutorenza urugero rutuma abantu babaho neza, nk'uko bivugwa na ONU/UN.

Icegeranyo ca UNEP (Ishami rya ONU riraba ibidukikije) kivuga ko ibihugu bizocukura canke bikimba ku rugero rungana incuro zibiri urwari rukenewe kugira ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe bw'isi ntikurenge 1,5C (C ni degre celcius).

Umwimbu w'ibitoro na gaz wiitezwe kuzokwiyongera cane kiretse ku bizuku (coal/charbon) aho uzogabanuka gato.

Nta kintu kinini kirahinduka kuva hasohotse icegeranyo ca mbere mu 2019.

Mu gihe ikoraniro mpuzamakungu ku bidukikije ryiswe COP26 risigaje indwi irenga gato ngo ribe, amaso ahanze amahangiro yo kugabanya imyuka ya carbone ibihugu bisanzwe birekura myinshi bifise.

Ariko uretse ubwinshi bw'imigambi yo kugabanya imyuka ya carbone gushika ku busa hamwe n'ivyo ibihugu biguma vyiyemeza gukora, gushika ubu ibihugu vya mbere mu kwimbura ibitoro, gaz hamwe n'ibizuku, nta migambi birafata yo kugabanya vuba na vuba kwimbura ivyo bicanwa abahinga bavuga ko ariyo ikenewe kugira ubushuhe ntibugume bwiyongera mu myaka iza.

Muri uyu mwaka abashakashatsi bo mu rwego ruhuza amareta ku bijanye n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC), rwagabishije ababa kw'isi ko hoba akaga hamwe ubushuhe bwokwiyongera birenze 1.5C muri iki kinjana. Kugira urwo rugero ntirurenge aho, hakenewe ko hagabanuka imyuka ya carbone gushika ku rugero rwa 45% gushika mu 2030 ufatiye ku rugero rwo mu 2010.

Ariko aho ukugabanya carbone, vyinshi mu bihugu birekura imyuka myinshi bifise kandi imigambi yo kwongereza bimwe biboneka umwimbu wavyo w'ibicanwa bicukurwa, nk'uko bivugwa na ONU.

Icegeranyo kw'iyimburwa ry'ibitoro risanga ibihugu bifise imigambi yo kwimbura hafi 110% vy'ibitero birenze ku bihuye no kugumiza iduga ry'ubushuhe kuri 1,5 gushika mu mpera z'iki kinjana.

Iyo migambi iri hafi 45% kurenza ibikenewe kugira iduga ry'ubushuhe rishike kuri 2C.

Ku bw'ico cigwa, ukwimbura ibizuku bizogabanuka ariko gaz izokwiyongera kurusha ibindi mu myaka 20 iri imbere, ku ngero ziteye kubiri n'amasezerano ya Paris.

Ico cegeranyo cafatiye ku bihugu 15 vyimbura cane gaz birimwo Australia, Uburusiya, Arabia Saudite, Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, n'Ubwongereza. Ama reta menshi akomeje gushigikira imigambi yo kwongereza umwimbu w'ibicanwa bicukurwa, nk'uko abanditse ico cegeranyo babivuga.

Ploy Achakulwisut, umwe mu bari barongoye iyandikwa ry'ico cegeranyo asanzwe akora mu kigo c'ibidukikije ca Stockholm avuga ati: "Ubushakashatsi buratomoye. : umwimbu w'ibizuku, ibitoro na gaz utegerezwa gutangura kugabanuka ubu nyene kandi bigaragara kugirango hubahirizwe intego yo kugumiza ubushuhe bw'isi kuri 1,5."

"Yamara ama reta aguma ashigikira imkigambi yo kwongereza umwimbu w'ibicanwa bicukurwa canke vyimbwa, birenze cane ivyo dushobora gucana ntibidutere ingorane".

N'ubwo ibihugu vyinshi bitegekanya kwivyukiranya mu bututunzi inyuma y'ikiza ca Covid bishingiye ku bitoro, hari ibiri mu nzira nziza ku bijanye n'amafaranga aja mw'icukurwa n'iyimbwa ry'ivyo bicanwa.

Amabanki asangiwe n'ibihugu canke ibigo vyinshi, muri iyi myaka yaragabanuye cane amafaranga atanga mu mitahe yo kwimbura ibitoro, ibizuku na gaz - n'ayava mu bihugu bimwe bimwe bitunze cane yaragabanutse.

"Iki cegeranyo congeye kwerekana ukuri gusanzwe ariko gukomeye: dutegerezwa guhagarika kuvoma ibitoro na gaz tubivana mu kizimu niba dushaka kwubahiriza amasezerano ya Paris", nk'uko bivugwa na Andrea Meza, umushikiranganji wa Costa Rica ajejwe ibidukikije n'amasoko ntanganguvu.