Ayatollah Khamenei: Kugundira ubutegetsi kwe muri Irani kwageze ku musozo

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei yishwe ku munsi wa mbere w'ibitero byinshi by'Amerika na Israel kuri Irani, nkuko Perezida w'Amerika Donald Trump yabitangaje.

Urupfu rw'uyu wari ufite imyaka 86 wategetse Irani mu gihe cy'imyaka hafi 40 – kimwe mu bihe birebire cyane ku butegetsi ku isi – nyuma yaho rwemejwe kuri televiziyo y'igihugu ya Irani.

Ibitekerezo bikaze bye by'ubutegetsi bw'igitugu hamwe n'amahame ye akarishye byagize ingaruka ku buzima bwo muri Irani mu gihe cy'imyaka hafi 40. Yabaye umutegetsi w'ikirenga wa kabiri wa Irani kuva habaye impinduramatwara yo mu 1979, nyuma y'urupfu rwa Ruhollah Khomeini mu 1989.

Ububasha bw'ibiro bye bwatumye Khamenei urebye ahinduka umunyembaraga zose nk'umukuru w'igihugu n'umugaba mukuru w'ingabo, harimo n'umutwe wihariye wa gisirikare witwa 'Revolutionary Guards'.

Urupfu rwe, mu buryo nk'ubu bw'urugomo, ruraca amarenga y'ejo hazaza hashya kandi harimo urujijo, haba muri Irani no mu karere iherereyemo.

Yarerewe mu by'idini

Ali Khamenei yavukiye i Mashhad, mu majyaruguru ashyira uburasirazuba bwa Irani, mu mwaka wa 1939.

Se yari umukuru mu by'idini rya kisilamu mu gice cy'aba Shia, ari na cyo cy'idini rya Isilamu cyiganje muri Irani.

Khamenei yakundaga ubuto bwe bwo mu "bucyene ariko burimo gusenga cyane", yavugaga ko akenshi nta kintu na kimwe kindi yaryaga kitari "umugati n'imizabibu".

Yatangiriye amasomo y'idini ku ivuko i Mashhad, amara igihe gito i Najaf, muri Iraq, nuko yiga mu iseminari ya kisilamu yo mu mujyi wa Qom ukomeye mu by'idini muri Irani.

Abakuru bo mu idini benshi baramwigishije, barimo Khomeini, uyu nyuma waje gushinga Repubulika ya Kisilamu.

Khamenei yifatanyije n'abanenga Shah wa Irani, umwami waje guhirikwa n'impinduramatwara yo mu 1979, akenshi yitwa Impinduramatwara ya Kisilamu.

Khamenei yamaze imyaka abaho yihishahisha cyangwa afunze.

Polisi yo mu ibanga (yakoraga rwihishwa) ya Shah yamutaye muri yombi inshuro esheshatu, ndetse yakorewe iyicarubozo.

Mu gihe cy'impinduramatwara, Khamenei ntiyari umuntu ukomeye mu bari hafi cyane ya Ayatollah Khomeini, ariko yazamutse byihuse nyuma y'imyivumbagatanyo.

Yinjiye mu Kanama k'Impinduramatwara. Kayoboye impinduramatwara, kaba urwego rw'ubutegetsi bw'inzibacyuho nyuma y'ihirima ry'ubutegetsi bwa Shah.

Umwanya we wa mbere muri Repubulika ya Kisilamu wabaye uwo kungiriza minisitiri w'ingabo.

Muri uwo mwaka, Khomeini yamugize umukuru w'amasengesho yo ku wa gatanu y'i Tehran, umwanya yari ariho ku mugaragaro kugeza igihe kitazwi.

Inyigisho za politike zo mu masengesho za Ali Khamenei, zatangazwaga mu bitangazamakuru zikagera mu gihugu hose, zatumye ashinga imizi mu butegetsi bushya.

Igerageza ryo kumwica

Mu kwezi kwa Kamena (6) mu mwaka wa 1981, Khamenei yarokotse igerageza ryo kumwica.

Umutwe w'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi waturikije igisasu mu isomo rye.

Icyo gitero gishobora kuba cyararokoye ubuzima bwe.

Khamenei yari umwe mu bashinze ndetse aza kuyobora ishyaka rya Repubulika ya Kisilamu, ryafashije ubutegetsi bwa nyuma y'impinduramatwara gushimangira ubutegetsi. Ariko yari ari mu bitaro ubwo icyicaro gikuru cy'iryo shyaka cyagabwagaho igitero gikomeye cy'igisasu.

Byasabye igihe cy'amezi kugira ngo ibihaha bye bikire nyuma y'icyo gitero ndetse, mu buryo buhoraho, yatakaje ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ukuboko kwe kw'iburyo.

Nyuma yaho muri uwo mwaka, yabaye umukandida ku mwanya wa perezida wa Irani.

Ayatollah Khomeini yagenzuraga akanama kagengaga uwashoboraga kwiyamamaza, ndetse Ali Khamenei yatsinze n'amajwi 97%.

Ijambo rya mbere rya Khamenei ryatanze umurongo w'ubutegetsi bwe nka Perezida, yamagana "ubuyobe [kuyoba], kwishyira ukizana, n'abashaka impinduka bakoreshwa n'Amerika".

Intambara ya Irani na Iraq

Iraq, umuturanyi wa Irani, yateye Irani habura amezi ngo amatora abe.

Perezida wa Iraq, Saddam Hussein, yari afite ubwoba ko impinduramatwara ya Irani izabangamira ubutegetsi bwe.

Mbere yo kuba Perezida, mu ntangiriro y'intambara Khamenei yamaze amezi ku mirongo y'imbere yo ku rugamba.

Mu myaka umunani iyo ntambara yamaze, abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi amagana bo ku mpande zombi barapfuye.

Muri iyo ntambara, Iraq yakoresheje intwaro z'ubumara ku byaro byo ku mupaka byo muri Irani, ndetse imisha ibisasu bya misile ku mijyi ya kure yo muri Irani, irimo n'umurwa mukuru Tehran.

Iyo ntambara yiyongereye ku kutizera Khamenei yari asanganywe kuri Amerika, yari yaragiye buhoro buhoro iha ubufasha Iraq.

Kuba Umutegetsi w'Ikirenga

Mu mwaka wa 1989, Ayatollah Khomeini yarapfuye, nuko Inteko y'Inzobere z'Ubutegetsi ihitamo Khamenei ngo amusimbure.

Uyu mutegetsi w'ikirenga mushya yabonwe na bamwe nk'ufite ubumenyi bucye mu by'idini.

Mu ijambo rya mbere yavuze ari ku butegetsi, yemeye agira ati: "Ndi umuntu w'amakosa menshi n'inenge nyinshi, ndetse mu by'ukuri [ndi] umuseminari muto."

"Nyamara, inshingano yashyizwe ku bitugu byanjye kandi nzakoresha ubushobozi bwanjye bwose n'ukwemera kwanjye kose mu Mushoborabyose kugira ngo nshobore kwikorera iyi nshingano iremereye."

Nk'umuntu utari wubashywe n'abakuru bo mu idini no kuba atari akunzwe cyane muri rubanda nka Khomeini yasimbuye, Khamenei yabigenzemo gacye.

Ariko yaje kubaka amatsinda y'abayoboke be mu bucamanza, muri polisi, mu itangazamakuru, mu ndobanure z'abakuru bo mu idini, mu nteko ishingamategeko, mu mutwe wihariye wo mu ngabo za Irani witwa 'Revolutionary Guards', no mu nzego z'ubutasi.

Karim Sadjadpour, umushakashatsi wo mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi ku mahoro ku isi cyitwa 'Carnegie Endowment for International Peace', cy'i Washington DC muri Amerika, yabwiye BBC News ko ubutegetsi bwa Khamenei bwari bushingiye ku "gico cy'abakuru bo mu idini b'abahezanguni banywanye ku bw'inyungu bahuriyeho hamwe n'abaherwe bashya b'abarinzi [abasirikare] b'impinduramatwara".

Ibitangazamakuru bya leta ya Irani byamusobanuraga nk'umuntu uba i Tehran mu buzima bwo kudasesagura, hamwe n'umugore we, abana n'abuzukuru.

Kuburizamo imyigaragambyo

Ku butegetsi bwe, Khamenei yasyonyoye abatavuga rumwe na we.

Mu mwaka wa 1999, imyigaragambyo y'abanyeshuri yaburijwemo.

Imyaka icumi nyuma yaho, mu 2009, imyigaragambyo yo kwamagana amatora yavuzwe ko yabayemo uburiganya, yatumye abigaragambya baterwa urusenda, barakubitwa ndetse bararaswa.

Mu mwaka wa 2019, ukwiyongera kw'ibiciro by'ibikomoka kuri peteroli kwatumye haba imyigaragambyo, nuko abategetsi bahagarika internet mu gihugu.

Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, Amnesty International, uvuga ko polisi yahise yica abigaragambya ibarashe.

Abagore baharaniraga kutambara umwitandiro witwa 'hijab' bakorewe iyicarubozo ndetse bafungirwa mu kato.

Umunyamategeko umwe w'umugore, w'impuguke mu mategeko y'uburenganzira bwa muntu, yahanishijwe ibihano byose hamwe bingana n'imyaka 38 muri gereza no gukubitwa inkoni 148.

Mu mwaka wa 2022, imwe mu ngorane zikomeye cyane yakurikiye urupfu rwo muri kasho ya polisi rwa Mahsa Amini – uyu mugore wari ufite imyaka 22, wo mu bwoko bw'aba Kurdes, yatawe muri yombi kubera kutambara 'hijab'.

Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu w'Abanya-Irani witwa 'Iranian Human Rights Activists News Agency' (HRANA), ukorera muri Amerika, wavuze ko wakiriye amazina y'abantu barenga 400 biciwe mu myigaragambyo yakurikiyeho.

Mu gihe cy'ubukonje bwinshi cyo guhera mu 2025 kugeza mu 2026, imyigaragambyo y'urukurikirane yabereye mu mihanda yo muri Irani, ishingiye ku bukungu bujegajega.

Abategetsi bakoze ibikorwa byo kuyihashya. Khamenei yemeye ko abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi bishwe, ariko ashinja abanzi gutegura ubwo bwicanyi.

Yagize ati: "Abafitanye imikoranire na Israel n'Amerika bangije byinshi cyane ndetse ababarirwa mu bihumbi byinshi bishwe." Yongeyeho ko bateje akajagari. Yagize ati: "Bakoze ibyaha [bateza] n'igisebo gikomeye cyane."

HRANA yavuze ko igisubizo cya leta cyari kirimo "imbaraga zica".

Uwo muryango watangaje ko abantu barenga 7,000 bishwe, benshi muri bo bakaba ari abigaragambyaga, mu gihe abarenga gato 200 muri abo bapfuye bari abo mu "gisirikare n'ingabo za leta".

Guca urukingo rwa Covid

Iperereza ryo mu mwaka wa 2022 ryakozwe n'ishami rya BBC ritangaza amakuru mu rurimi rw'Igi-perse, BBC News Persian, ryagereranyije ko icyorezo cya Covid cyishe abantu 300,000 muri Irani – abo bakaba bakubye inshuro zirenga ebyiri umubare w'abapfuye watangajwe n'ubutegetsi icyo gihe.

Nta gihamya atanze, Khamenei yagize ati: "Bivugwa ko igice kimwe cy'iyi virusi cyakozwe by'umwihariko kigambiriye Irani, hakoreshejwe ubumenyi bw'imiterere ndangasano y'Abanya-Irani."

Ubwo igikorwa cyo gukwirakwiza inkingo ku isi cyari gitangiye – kiyobowe ahanini n'inganda zikora imiti zo muri Amerika n'i Burayi – yabujije ko inkingo zo muri Amerika no mu Bwongereza zinjizwa muri Irani.

Nyuma amakuru yavuze ko we ubwe yahawe urukingo rwo muri nyinshi zakorewe muri Irani.

Guhangana n'Amerika

Nyuma gato y'impinduramatwara yo mu 1979, abanyeshuri bo muri kaminuza b'abayoboke ba Khomeini bigaruriye ambasade y'Amerika, bafata bugwate abadipolomate n'abakozi bayo, mu kwamagana Amerika yari yahaye ubuhungiro Shah (umwami) wahiritswe.

Uko gufata bugwate kwamaze iminsi 444 ndetse kwafashije mu gushimangira ihangana n'Amerika n'uburengerazuba bw'isi nka kimwe mu bigize umurongo ngenderwaho w'ubutegetsi bwa Irani.

Nyuma y'ibitero byo ku itariki ya 11 Nzeri (9) mu 2001 byabaye muri Amerika, Perezida Bush yashyize Irani mu cyo yise 'Umurongo fatizo w'Ikibi' (cyangwa 'Axis of Evil').

Irani yashyigikiye Hezbollah – umutwe witwaje intwaro w'abayisilamu b'aba Shia wo muri Libani – nk'igikoresho cyayo mu ntambara isa nk'ihoraho hagati ya Irani na Israel.

Khamenei yanenze Amerika, ariko ingamba ze ntizigeze zihuza na Washington cyangwa ngo zihangane na yo mu buryo butaziguye.

Gahunda ya Nikleyeri

Khamenei yavuze ko intwaro kirimbuzi za nikleyeri zinyuranyije na Isilamu, ndetse mu 2003 yatanze itegeko rya kisilamu (rizwi nka 'fatwa') ribuza gukora izo ntwaro.

Nyamara, Israel n'uburengerazuba bw'isi bemezaga ko, igihe Mahmoud Ahmadinejad yari Perezida, Irani yari ifite ingufu za nikleyeri na gahunda z'ubuhanga buhanitse z'ibisasu bya misile, nk'uburyo bwo guhishira ubushobozi bwayo bw'intwaro kirimbuzi za nikleyeri.

Ibihano byakurikiyeho byagize uruhare mu gucyenesha iki gihugu.

Mu mwaka wa 2015, Irani, Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Ubushinwa, Uburusiya n'Ubudage byagiranye amasezerano yo kugabanya uranium itunganyije ya Irani.

Ariko, kuri manda ye ya mbere nka Perezida w'Amerika, Donald Trump yikuye muri ayo masezerano, avuga ko ari "ikinamico [urwenya] ihebuje ko ubutegetsi bwica bwashakaga gusa gahunda y'ingufu za nikleyeri y'inyamahoro".

Irani yashimangiye ko gahunda ya nikleyeri yayo ari inyamahoro, ndetse ko ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ingufu za nikleyeri cyagenzuye kubyubahiriza kw'iyo gahunda.

Barack Obama wahoze ari Perezida w'Amerika, washyize umukono kuri ayo masezerano, yanditse ko ayo masezerano "arimo gukora".

Ubufaransa, Ubudage n'Ubwongereza byavuze ko bibabajwe n'icyo cyemezo cy'Amerika.

Ubwo manda ya mbere ya Trump yari iri hafi kurangira, Amerika yishe Qasem Soleimani, umusirikare wo hejuru ukomeye wa Irani wo mu mutwe wa 'Revolutionary Guards'. Khamenei yarahiye ko azamuhorera, arushaho kwegerana n'Uburusiya n'Ubushinwa.

Mu mwaka wa 2025, Israel yakoze igikorwa cya gisirikare kuri gahunda ya nikleyeri ya Irani, ku bahanga muri siyansi, ku basirikare n'abategetsi bo hejuru ba Irani, harimo no kugaba ibitero mu duce dutuwemo.

Irani yihoreye irasa ibisasu bya misile kuri Israel.

Amerika yifatanyije na Israel muri ibyo bitero. Khamenei yarahiye kutazigera na rimwe amanika amaboko ngo yemere ko atsinzwe, ariko yagaragaye ko yari yacitse intege cyane.

Ku itariki ya 28 Gashyantare (2) mu 2026, Amerika na Israel byafatanyije mu kugaba ibitero byo mu kirere kuri Irani. Trump yasobanuye icyo gitero, avuga ko Irani "ntishobora na rimwe kugira intwaro kirimbuzi ya nikleyeri".

Minisitiri w'intebe wa Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu, yavuze ko icyo gikorwa cyari icyo gukuraho "inkeke ku kubaho" kwa Israel itejwe na Irani.

Israel yavuze ko Irani yayigabyeho ibitero byo kwihorera, mu gihe ibiturika byabereye mu bihugu byinshi byo mu Kigobe.

Khamenei yari aganje muri politike ya Irani, afite ukuboko gukomeye ndetse akenshi kw'urugomo kugera mu nzego z'ubutegetsi.

Rimwe na rimwe, uwo mutegetsi w'ikirenga yigaragazaga nkaho arenze politike – akarebera ubushyamirane hagati y'abashaka amavugurura n'abakomeye ku bya kera. Ariko byari imbonekarimwe ko Ayatollah Khamenei yemera ko habaho abanenga ingamba atemeraga.

Ubuzima bwo muri Irani bugengwa n'amategeko yashyizeho. Abantu bacye ni bo bashobora kuba bazi uzamusimbura, ndetse – ku bw'ibyo – n'impinduka ishobora kubaho.

Iyi nkuru wanonosowe na Andrew Webb, wo mu itsinda ry'itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, mu ishami mpuzamahanga rya BBC (BBC World Service Global Journalism team)