Mece ce Maleriya kuma ta ya ya zamu yaki cutar?
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Ta ya ya zamu iya kawar da Malaria?
Duk da cewa ana iya kare kai da samun waraka, har yanzu Maleriya na ci gaba da kisa a duniya: ta na kashe yara a cikin minti biyu kuma sama da mutum miliyan 200 ke kamuwa da cutar a kowacce shekara, a cewar Hukumar lafiya ta duniya.
A 'yan shekarun baya-bayanan ana samun sauyi kan yadda ake yaki da Maleriya, a 2015 alkaluma sun nuna ci gaban da ake samu a yaki da cutar.
Rahoton Hukumar lafiya ta duniya, WHO a 2018 ya nuna ana samun raguwar adadin masu kamuwa da cutar tsakanin 2015 zuwa 2017.
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Ranar 25 ga watan Afrilun aka ware a matsayin ranar yaki da Maleriya a Duniya, wadannan su ne abubuwan da ya kamata a sani kan cutar:
- Malaria cuta ce da ke barazana ga rayuwa wanda kwayar halittar Plasmodium da suka hada da P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. vivax. ke janyota.
- Macen sauro da ake kira Anopheles mosquitoes ke yada cutar ta hanyar cizo a jikin dan adam.
- Ana iya kare kai da samun waraka daga cutar.
- A 2017, mutum miliyan 291 aka kiyasta na fama da cutar a kasashe 87 a cewar WHO.
- Mutum 435,000 malaria ta kashe a 2017.
- Cutar ta fi illa a kasahen Afirka - a 2017, kashi 92 cikin 100 na masu fama da cutar a kasashen Afrika ne kuma kashi 93 cikin 100 na wadanda suka mutu a nahiyar su ke.
- An tara kudadde da yawansu ya kai $3.1bn domin yaki da cutar a 2017.
Alamomi
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Alamomin Maleriya- zazzabi mai zafi da ciwon kai da ciwon gabobbi - wanda ke soma bayanan kwana 10 zuwa 15 bayan cizon sauro.
Alamomin na soma bayyana ne kadan-kadan kuma a wasu lokutan ba a saurin gano Maleriya ce, idan ba a gaggauta soma shan magani ba cikin sa'o'i 24 cutar ta kan yi kamari wasu lokutan ma ta kai ga kisa.
Wa ke cikin barazana?
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A 2017, kusan rabin al'ummar duniya sun fuskanci barazanar kamuwa da malaria.
Yara 'yan kasa da shekaru biyar su ne rukunni mutanen da cutar ta fi yiwa illa: a 2017, kashi 61 cikin 100 (266,000) na wadanda cutar ta yiwa illa a duniya yara ne.
Sauran rukunin mutane da suka hada da mata masu dauke da juna biyu da daidakun mutane da garkuwar jikinsu babu karfi su suka fi barazanar kamuwa da cutar.
A wadanne yankuna Maleriya tafi kamari?
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Alkalumar WHO sun nuna cewa akasarin masu dauke da cutar da mace-mace ana samun su ne a kasashen kudu da hamadar Afirka, sai dai yankunan kudu maso gabashin Asia da gabashin Mediterranean da yammacin Pacific da kuma Amurkawa su ma na cikin barazana.
A 2017, kasashe biyar na Afirka su ke dauke da kusan rabin masu dauke da cutar a duniya: Najeriya (25%), Jamhuriyar Demokradiyar Congo (11%), Mozambique (5%), Indiya (4%) and Uganda (4%).
Yaduwarta
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A lokuta da dama, Maleriya na yaduwa ta hanyar cizon macen sauro da ake kira Anopheles mosquitoes -akwai sama da jinsin sauron Anopheles 400, wanda kusan 30 ke yada Maleriya.
Jinsin wadannan sauraye na cizo ne tsakanin dare zuwa asuba.
Saurayen na kyankyasa kwai a cikin ruwa, sannan kwan ya kyankyashe kan sa sannu a hankali ya girma ya zama sauro; macen sauro na shan jini a matsayin abinci.
Rigakafi
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WHO ta bada shawarwarin kariya daga kamuwa da cutar da dabarun da take ganin su ne mafita.
Hanyoyin kariyar sun kasu gida biyu - akwai amfani da gidan sauro da kuma feshin maganin sauro - wanda akasari aka fi yi a lokuta da dama.
Bacci da gidan sauro na rage damar da sauro ke da ita na cizon mutum.
Feshin maganin kwari a gidaje da gine-gine, akalla sau daya ko biyu a shekara na taimako sosai.
Ana iya kare kai daga Malaria ta hanyar shan magungunan rigakafi da ake kira anti-malarial drugs ga matafiya, mata masu juna-biyu da kananan yara.
Gano ta da shan magani
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Maleriya cuta ce da ake iya shan magani kuma a warke - ana iya gane idan mutum na dauke da ita a cikin minti 30 ko kasa da haka ta hanyar gwajin jini.
A cewar WHO, gano cutar a kan lokaci da shan magani na rage barazanar da take haifarwa, hana saurin kisa da rage karfin yaduwarta.
Bijirewa magunguna
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WHO ta yi gargadi cewa sauron da ke yada malaria na bijirewa magunguna feshi da na sha - wanda hakan barazana ce ga kokarin da ake na kawo karshen malaria.
Abin damuwar a yanzu shi ne kokarin kariya da shawo kan cutar na neman daina aiki.
Sabbin alkaluman da ke kunshe a rahotan Maleriya na bana sun nuna cewa cikin kasashe 68 da aka ruwaito zazzabin cizon sauro na barazana, kashi 1 cikin 5 na amfani da magungunan rigakafi da ke nuna turjiya.
Turjiyar da magungunan yaki da wannan cutar ke nuna wa na sake zama kalubale.
WHO ta ce akwai bukatar sake daukan matakai masu karfi don ganin lallai an dakile cutar baki daya.
Hukumar na son ganin an bijiro da hanyoyin tunkarar turjiyar da magungunan Maleriya ke nuna wa.
