Yadda yanki mai arziƙin man fetur ya zama filin yaƙi a Sudan

Yankin Kordofan mai arzikin man fetur na ƙasar Sudan ya rikiɗe zuwa wani babban fagen daga a yaƙin da ake yi tsakanin sojoji da dakarun ƴantawaye, a daidai lokacin da ɓangarorin biyu ke ƙoƙarin samun galaba a rikicin da aka kwashe sama da tsawon shekara biyu ana gwabzawa.

Hare-haren da suka kashe ɗaruruwan fararen hula a farkon wannan watan sun karkata akalar yaƙin zuwa wannan yankin na ƙasar.

"Duk wanda ke iko da Kordofan, zai zama yana da iko da albarkatun mai na ƙasar, da kuma wani kaso mai tsoka na yankunan ƙasar Sudan," Amir Amin, wani manazarci a cibiyar Oasis Policy Advisory, ya shaida wa BBC.

Yankin kuma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga Sudan ta Kudu wadda ba ta da gaɓar teku, saboda man da ke zuwa gare ta yana bi ne ta bututun mai a cikin Kordofan, kafin a fitar da shi zuwa ƙasashen waje. Don haka, za ta buƙaci ta ga an samu zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a Kordofan.

Sai dai faɗan da ake gwabzawa a yankin - wanda ya ƙunshi jihohi uku, mai yawan jama'a kusan miliyan takwas - ya ƙara tsananta tun watan Yuni, lokacin da sojojin suka mayar da hankali wajen ƙwato yankin daga hannun dakarun Rapid Support Forces (RSF) bayan da suka samu gagarumar nasara a cikin watanni ukun da suka gabata, inda suka ƙwato babban birnin ƙasar, Khartoum, da makwabciyarta Gezira, wadda ita ce cibiyar noma ta Sudan.

Shugaban mulkin sojin Sudan Janar Abdel Fattah al-Burhan ya tashi zuwa babban filin jirgin saman Khartoum a ranar 20 ga watan Yuli, ziyararsa ta biyu zuwa birnin tun bayan da dakarunsa suka fatattaki mayaƙan RSF a cikin watan Maris.

Janar Burhan ya ci gaba da zama a birnin Port Sudan da ke gabashin ƙasar, lamarin da ke nuni da cewa har yanzu ba shi da ƙwarin gwiwar komawa Khartoum a matakin ɗin-ɗin-ɗin, yayinda a yanzu akasarin birnin ya ke a ruguje.

Rikicin ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane kusan 150,000 tare da tilastawa wasu kimanin miliyan 12 barin gidajensu - kwatankwacin yawan al'ummar ƙasar Tunisia ko Belgium.

Dakarun RSF sun ƙwace birnin Khartoum jim kaɗan bayan fara yaƙin a watan Afrilun 2023, bayan wani ƙazamin faɗa tsakanin Janar Burhan da abokinsa na wancan lokacin, kwamandan rundunar, Janar Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, wanda aka fi sani da "Hemedti".

Rundunar RSF ta taimaka wa Burhan juyin mulki a shekarar 2021 tare da murƙushe ƴan adawa kafin daga baya suka afkawa juna bayan da Janar Dagalo ya bijirewa shirinsa na haɗe dakarun na RSF da rundunar sojin ƙasar.

Alan Boswell wani manazarci na ƙungiyar International Crisis Group ya shaidawa BBC cewa a yanzu sojojin na son fatattakar ƴan tawayen na RSF a Kordofan domin su samu damar nausawa yamma zuwa yankin Darfur - ainihin matattarar ƴan ta'addan.

A gefe guda kuma, RSF na son ƙwace Kordofan ne saboda hakan zai ba ta "ƙarin ƙwarin gwiwa" zai kuma kawo ta kusa da "tsakiyar Sudan, ciki har da babban birnin ƙasar", in ji Mista Boswell.

Dr Suliman Baldo, darektan ƙungiyar Transparency and Policy Tracker, ya shaidawa BBC cewa yana shakkar sojojin za su iya samun galabar dakarun na RSF a Kordofan.

Ya ce akasarin mayaƙan na RSF sun fito ne daga wata babbar ƙabila ta Misseriya da ke zaune a yammacin jihar Kordofan, wadda ke kan iyaka da Darfur, "don haka za su yi yaƙi domin kare al'ummominsu".

Hare-haren da sojoji suka kai a farkon wannan watan a yammacin Kordofan - ciki har da babban birnin yankin, el-Fula, da kuma garin Abu Zabad - sun harzuƙa mutanen yankin, in ji shi.

Har yanzu dai sojojin na riƙe da rijiyoyin mai a yankin, amma rundunar RSF ta yi barazanar faɗaɗa yaƙin zuwa Heglig mai samar da mai a Kudancin Kordofan, kusa da kan iyaka da Sudan ta Kudu, idan har ba a daina kai hare-hare ta sama ba.

Kamfanin dillancin labaran Sudan Tribune ya nakalto shugaban hukumar farar hula ta RSF a jihar, Youssef Awadallah Aliyan yana cewa "Idan har jiragen saman sojojin ya sake dawowa tare da jefa bama-bamai kan ƴan ƙasar a yammacin jihar Kordofan, za mu kai farmaki kan cibiyoyin mai na Heglig tare da kashe injiniyoyi."

Ofishin kula da ayyukan jin ƙai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (Ocha) ya ce hare-haren da aka kai kan el-Fula da Abu Zabad, ciki har da wasu iyalai da ke gudun hijira a makarantu, rahotanni sun ce an kashe mutane sama da 20.

Ocha ya yi Allah-wadai da hare-haren, yana mai cewa bai kamata a kai hari kan fararen hula da gine-ginensu ba - da suka haɗa da makarantu da gidaje, da matsugunai, kuma ya kamata ɓangarorin da ke faɗa da juna su kiyaye dokokin jin ƙai na ƙasa da ƙasa.

Ana kuma zargin ƙungiyar ta RSF da kai wa fararen hula hari.

Hukumar kula da kananan yara ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, UNICEF ta ce an kashe fararen hula fiye da 450 - da suka haɗa da maza 24 da mata 11 da mata masu juna biyu a hare-haren baya bayan nan da aka kai a yankin Bara da ke Arewacin Kordofan da kuma ƙauyukan Shag Alnom da Hilat Hamid.

"Waɗannan hare-haren ba su dace ba," in ji hukumar, ta ƙara da cewa "suna nuni ne da wani mummunan tashin hankali" da kuma "rashin mutunta rayukan bil'adama".

Cibiyar binciken jin ƙai ta jami'ar Yale mai hedkwata a Amurka, wadda ke sa ido kan rikicin, ta ce nazarin hotunan tauraron dan Adam na Shag Alnom ya yi nuni da cewa an tayar da gobara da gangan.

Ƙungiyar kare hakkin lauyoyin masu aikin gaggawa ta ce da yawa daga cikin waɗanda aka kashe sama da 200 "an kona su ne har lahira a gidajensu ko kuma aka harbe su".

Ana ci gaba da fargabar cewa adadin fararen hula da suka mutu na iya ƙaruwa sakamakon rahotannin da ke cewa ƙungiyar RSF na shirin ƙaddamar da farmaki domin mamaye el-Obeid, babban birnin jihar Kordofan ta Arewa.

Garin Umm Sumaima dai ya sauya hannu sau da dama a cikin ƴan makonnin nan.

"Wannan shi ne matakin tsaro na ƙarshe ga sojojin Sudan kafin el-Obeid," in ji Dr Baldo.

Mista Amin ya ce karɓe iko da Umm Sumaima zai baiwa dakarun RSF damar yiwa sojojin da ke da sansani a el-Obeid ƙawanya, yayin da sojojin ke son kutsawa domin samar da wata sabuwar hanyar da za a yi mafani da ita wurin kai wa sojojinta makamai a wasu sassan Kordofan.

Ana dai hasashen yaƙin na Kordofan - wanda girmansa ya kai kimanin murabba'in kilomita 390,000 (kilomita 150,000) - zai matukar daɗewa.

"Ko zai taka rawa wurin tabbatar da wanda zai yi nasara a yaƙin ko a'a, sai dai a zura ido a gani, amma tabbas zai kawo gagarumin sauyi," in ji Mista Amin.