Béhanzin: Sarkin Afirka da tarihin duniya ba zai manta da shi ba

Rayuwarsa ta zama abar koyi ga ɗimbin mutane, inda har masu shirya fina-finai da dama suka shirya fim kan tarihinsa, musamman kan assasa rundunar soji ta mata a masarautarsa da ake kira "Agodjié" ko "Amazons".

A fina-finai irin su "Black Panther" da "The Woman King," an nuna irin ƙwazo da jajircewar dakarun matan nan a wajen yaƙi.

Fina-finan nan ba wai tarihi ba ne kaɗai, labari ne kan nahiyar Afirka na shekaru aru-aru, da alaƙar nahiyar da turai, musamman Faransa, wadda ta ta sha fama da Sarki Béhanzin kan ƴancin masarautarsa ta Dahomey a tsakanin 1889 zuwa 1906.

"Béhanzin ya bar tarihi mai kyau na jajircewa. Sarki ne wanda ya ƙi bayar a kansa bori ya hau a lokacin da turawa suka kutsa yankinsa. Sarki ne wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa saboda mutanensa da ƙasarsa da masarautarsa," in ji Farfesa Romuald Michozounou, na sashen nazarin tarihi a Jami'ar Abomey-Calavi da ke ​​Benin.

A ranar 10 ga Disamba ne Jamhuriyar Benin ta yi bikin cika shekara 119 da mutuwar Behanzin.

Sarki Béhanzin yana da matuƙar mutunci da daraja sosai a faɗin Afirka baki ɗaya, ba ma Benin kaɗai ba.

A matsayin sarkin Dahomey, Béhanzin ya kasance babban sarki mai ƙarfin iko da ya ɗare karagar mulki a 1889, wanda ya ƙeƙashe ƙasa ya ƙi miƙa wa Faransa wuya cikin sauƙi. Yana cikin sarakunan da suka yi gwagwarmaya da turawan mulkin mallaka.

Ƙin miƙa wuya ga turawa

Dahomey babbar masarauta ce, kuma sarkin ya kasance yana mulki a birnin Abomey, garin da ake matuƙar tsoro.

Bayan rasuwar Sarki Glèlè, sai ɗansa Yarima Kondo, ya hau karagar mulki a 1889, sai ya koma amsa sunan Sarki Béhanzin.

A cewar gidan adana tarihi na Jamhuriyar Benin, har zuwa watan Yulin 1976, ya kasance babban sarki mai ƙarfin faɗa a ji, wanda mutanensa ke matuƙar ƙauna.

Ya sadaukar da kansa wajen kare masarautarsa daga farmakin mahara, musamman ma turwa.

Ya gwabza yaƙi da turawan Faransa waɗanda suka yi yunƙurin ƙwace wani ɓangare na masarautarsa.

"Muna fata za ka turo mana wani hafsa domin tattauna wannan matsalar. Amma maganar Cotonou, ban samu wasiyya daga mahaifina ba kan miƙa ta ga ƙasar Faransa, don haka nima ba zan amince ba," kamar yadda Sarki Béhanzin ya rubuta zuwa ga Shugaban Faransa a ranar 30 ga watan Afrilun 1890, kamar yadda tarihin ya nuna.

"Sarki Béhanzin ya ɗare karagar mulki a rubu'i na ƙarshe na ƙarni na 19 a lokacin da masarautar ke tsaka mai wuya saboda turawan mulkin mallaka sun riga sun kutsa Afirka.

"Za a iya cewa ya fara mulki ne a ranar ga Janairun 1890 bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Glèlè. A lokacin kuma Faransa ta riga ta fara yunƙurin ƙwace wani ɓangare na Cotonou, amma ya ƙi saboda mahaifinsa ma bai amince ba," in ji Farfesa Romuald Michozounou.

Faransa ta so ƙwace wani sashe na Cotonou, wanda a yanzu ya zama babban birnin Benin domin samun hanyar ratsewa zuwa ƙasar.

Sarkin ya yi watsi da yunƙurin sayar da yankin ga Faransa, wanda a cewarsa ya saɓa da al'ada.

Sarki Béhanzin ya gwabza yaƙi ne da Faransa da dakaru mata a rundunar Agodjié (Amazons), inda ya samu nasara a yaƙin da aka fafata 1890 kafin aka shiga yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta da Faransa.

Amma yaƙin ya koma ɗanye bayan shekara ɗaya, inda aka yi asarar rayuka da dama a dukkan ɓangarorin.

A kusa da ƙarshen shekarar 1892 ne Faransa ta samu nasarar kama masarautar Dahomey, inda sarki Béhanzin ya ƙone masarautar, sannan ya miƙa wuta a ranar 25 ga Janairun 1894.

Yadda ya rasu

Masana tarihin Benin sun ce dama asali Faransa ta riga ta fara shirye-shiryen kai hari a Dahomey da nufin kutsawa har zuwa Tekun Niger, don haka a cewarsu, Béhanzin ya karɓi mulki ne cikin tsaka mai wuya, inda bai ma samu lokacin kafa masarautarsa da kyau ba.

"A ƙarshen rubu'i na farko na mulkinsa ne fara takun-saƙa da sojojin Faransa, inda ya yi ta fama da su na kusan shekara huɗu. Ya yi sarauta ne a lokacin da turawan mulkin mallaka suke ta kutsawa Afirka."

A ranar 30 ga watan Maris na shekarar 1894 ne aka mayar da tsigaggen sarkin zuwa garin Fort-de-France da ke Martinique.

A littafin tarihinsa da ɗansa wanda yake tare da shi a duk lokacin da ake tumɓuke shi ya rubuta, ya ruwaito mahaifin na cewa Janar Dodds, wanda ya jagoranci dakarun Faransa ne ya gayyace shi.

"Duk da alamun samun nasarar da dakarun Faransa a kansa, sai sarkin ya buƙaci Janar Dodds ya shirya masa zama da shugaban Faransa domin su tattauna yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, saboda yana ganin a matsayinsa na sarki, bai kamata ya tattauna da soja ba. Lokacin ne maimakon janar ɗin ya kai shi wajen shugaban ƙasar, sai ya kai mayar da shi Martinique," in ji Farfesa Michozounou.

Béhanzin bai samu ganawa da shugaban Faransa ba, inda aka mayar da shi can ya riƙa rayuwa daga shi sai ɗansa.

A 1906 ne aka mayar da Béhanzin zuwa Algeria, inda ya rasu a Blida a ranar 10 ga watan Disamban shekarar, sannan aka mayar da gawarsa zuwa tsohuwar masarautarsa a shekarar 1928, inda aka yi masa jana'izar ban-girma.

Mutum mai daraja

Béhanzin mutum ne mai daraja sosai a tarihin Jamhuriyar Benin. Ƴan ƙasar na son shi kuma suna girmama shi saboda gwagwarmayar da ya sha da turawan mulkin mallaka.

An gina mutum-mutuminsa a dandalin Goho da ke garin Abomey, daidai mashigar Cotonou, inda ya yi zama na ƙarshe da Janar Dodd a shekarar 1890.

A tsakankanin shekarun 1970 ne shugaban ƙasa Mathieu Kérékou ya ɗaga dajarsa a tarihi zuwa matakin gwarzon ƙasa.

Sai kuma aka sanya wa makarantar sakandaren farko a ƙasar, wadda aka gina babban birnin Dahomey.

"Lokacin bikin ƴancin kai, waɗanda suka yi fafutikar samun ƴancin ƙasar sai suka canja sunan makarantar Victor Ballot High School zuwa Béhanzin High School, inda har yanzu sunan makarantar ke nan. Kuma yawancin shugabannin ƙasar a makarantar suka yi karatu."

Alaƙarsa da tarihi da al'aduna Benin

Yawancin al'adun ƙasar na da alaƙa da masarautar Dahomey. Har yanzu akwai masarautar, amma ta koma ƙarama.

A cewar kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar na 1990, sarakunan gargajiya sun zama iyayen ƙasa, waɗanda masu mulki za su riƙa neman shawararwarinsu, musamman a lokacin zaɓe.

Idan Jamhuriyar Benin, wadda ba ta da ma'adinai sosai ta samu nasarar kafa kanta a duniya, al'adunta za su taka muhimmiyar rawa, kuma yawancin al'adun suna da alaƙa da masarautar da ma Sarki Béhanzin.

Yanzu, a sabuwar gidan adana tarihi ƙasar da ake kira "Museum of the Kings and Amazons of Dahomey" Béhanzin na da waje na musamman a cikin sarakuna 12 da suka mulki masarautar.

Ana tuna shi ne a matsayin jajirtacce, wanda ya ƙi miƙa, sannan ya yi duk abin da zai iya yi domin kare martabar ƙasarsa da mutanensa.

Bayan gidan adana tarihin, tsohuwar fadar Béhanzin, wadda bai samu damar kammalawa ba saboda yaƙi da Faransa, za a sabunta ta kamar sauran wurare irin su Glèlè da Guézo da na sauran masarautun.

Bayan murƙushe Béhanzin, Kanal Dodds sai ya ƙwace masarautar da sauran kayayyakin tarihi, waɗanda aka tura Faransa. Waɗannan kayayyakin tarihin da aka sace daga Dahomey, an fara ajiye su ne a gidan adana tarihi Musée de l'Homme, kafin daga bisa aka mayar da su gidan tarihin Musée du Quai Branly Jacques Chirac.

Kayayyakin tarihi guda 26 ne aka kwashe aka kai Faransa, inda Benin ta cigaba da gwagwarmayar ƙwato su. A shekarar 2021 ne aka mayar musu da kayayyakin, inda yanzu suka ajiye su a gidan tarihin Béhanzin Museum da ke Cotonou.

Abin koyi ga ƴan ƙasar

Farfesan tarihi a Jami'ar Abomey-Calavi ya ce tarihin masarautar Dahomey da mulkin Béhanzin na cikin muhimman tarihin da aka koyar da ɗalibai tun daga firamare zuwa jami'a, "kuma haka ya kamata a bar tsarin."

Ya ƙara da cewa masu tasowa suna buƙatar sanin tarihin domin su yi koyi da shi, musamman jajircewarsa da sadaukar da rayuwarsa domin ƙasar da mutanenta.

Shi kuma Farfesa Michozounou cewa ya yi Béhanzin sarki ne da ya kamata ƙasashen Afirka su nazarta domin zama abin koyi ga masu tasowa a ƙasar.