Daga ina taken zanga-zangar Iran ya samo asali?

Kalmomi uku: "Mata, rayuwa, 'yanci" sun yi ta bayyana ta hanyar zanga-zanga a Iran- da wasu kasashe da dama - bayan mutuwar wata matashiya Mahsa Amini a ranar 16 ga watan Satumba.

Sunan Mahsa Amini 'Jina' a harshen kudanci na nufin ‘rayuwa’. Don haka ne ma sunan ta ya fito a wajen jana'izar ta da aka gudanar a birnin Saqqez, lokacin da dubban masu jimami suka yi ta rera Jin, Jiyan, Azadi cikin harshen Kurdawa.

Masu zanga-zangar sun sake maimaita wannan waka a gari na biyu a lardin Kurdistan na kasar Iran, wato Sanandaj, kuma tuni zanga-zangar ta yadu

zuwa garuruwa da dama, da take iri daya, amma yanzu a harshen Farisa - Zan, Zendegi, Azadi.

Kalmomin uku na iya zama wani sabon abu ga wasu mutanen Iran, amma mata a Iran, Turkiyya, Iraki da Siriya sun san kalmar tun farkon shekarun 2000.

Taken ya samo asali ne daga yunkurin neman 'yancin Kurdawa, wanda akasari ana rera shi a cikin Kurdawa (Jin, Jiyan, Azadi) amma yawancin masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata a Gabas ta Tsakiya sun karbe shi cikin shekaru ashirin

Fafutukar mata Kurdawa

Kimanin shekaru 20 da suka gabata ne dai mata suka fara amfani da taken a Turkiyya, a yayin wata zanga-zanga ta neman ‘yancin Kurdawan kasar.

"Ta samo asali ne daga gwagwarmayar mata da cin zarafin mata da kuma mulkin mallaka da mata Kurdawa ke fuskanta.

Yaƙi ne da suke ta yi na tsawon shekaru 40," in ji Ruken Isik, malami na Critical Race, Gender, and Culture Studies a Jami'ar Amurka da ke Washington DC.

"Sun yi ta fafutukar neman 'yancinsu da kuma nuna al’adarsu kuma suna yaki da siyasar danniya a Turkiyya, har yanzu mata na amfani da ita wajen gudanar da zanga-zanga a ranar mata ta duniya ko kuma a ranar kawar da cin zarafin mata."

Dr Farangis Ghaderi, mai bincike kan Kurdawa a Jami'ar Exeter, ta yarda cewa taken yana da tushe a cikin adabin Kurdawa.

“Da yawa daga cikin masu fafutuka na Kurdawa, malamai da mayaka sun shaida mana cewa rubuce-rubucen Abdullah Ocalan ya ba su kwarin gwiwa, shugaban jam’iyyar Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) da ake tsare da shi ya jaddada muhimmancin rawar da mata ke takawa wajen samar da al'umma mai 'yanci," in ji ta.

Amma Dr Ghaderi ta kara da cewa ta samu hujjoji game da haɗin kalmomin mace da rayuwa a matsayin ra'ayi a cikin waƙar Kurdawa na farkon ƙarni na 20.

Yaki da ƙungiyar IS

Sai dai ga masana da dama, taken ya fara ne a shekarar 2014, lokacin da kungiyar IS ta mamaye yankin da ke kusa da birnin Kobane da ke da rinjayen Kurdawa a arewacin Siriya.

Ruken Isik ya ce “Mata ne sahun gaba a yakin da ake yi da IS, an yi amfani da wannan taken sosai kuma ya zama alama ta gwagwarmayar mata Kurdawa.”

Ana kiran kungiyar sojoji na mata zalla da ke adawa da ci gaban daular Islama a arewacin Siriya da Rukunin Kare Hakkin Mata (YPJ).

BBC ta tattauna da wasu ‘yan mata na Kurdawa a Siriya da suke da tsananin akidar kare hakkin mata tun lokacin da rikicin ya barƙe, kuma duk sun ce wannan taken na da muhimmansu sosai gare su, ba wai kalma ba ce kawai – wani abu ne da suke amfani da a rayuwarsu na yau da kullum.

Yaki da Daular Musulunci sai dai ga masana da dama, taken ya fara ne a shekarar 2014, lokacin da kungiyar IS ta mamaye yankin da ke kusa da birnin Kobane da ke da rinjayen Kurdawa a arewacin Siriya.

"Mata ne a sahun gaba a yakin da ake da IS, wannan taken an yi amfani da shi sosai kuma ya zama alama ce ta gwagwarmayar mata na Kurdawa," in ji Ruken Isik.

Sojojin da suka hada da mata da ke adawa da ci gaban daular Islama a arewacin Siriya ana kiransu da rukunin kare hakkin mata (YPJ).

BBC ta tattauna da wasu 'yan mata na Kurdawa a Siriya da suka fafata tun lokacin da rikicin ya barke, kuma dukkansu sun ce wannan taken yana da ma'ana a gare su fiye da kalmomi kawai - abu ne da suka shafi kowane bangare na rayuwa.

“Wannan taken wata hanya ce ta shugabanci a Rojava (arewa-maso-gabas Syria)," in ji Dr Ghaderi, da matan Kurdawa a arewa maso gabashin Syria su ma sun shirya cibiyoyi masu cin gashin kansu a aikace.

Ko da yake maza ba su amince da wannan ra'ayi da farko ba, mata sun yi kokari sosai wajen karbe ta tare da yin aiki da ita, Dilshah Osman, 'yar Syria.

Mai fafutukar Kurdawa ta shaida wa BBC, kuma a yanzu ta yadu har ta zama wata muhimmiyar manufa da mata na kabilu da addinai daban-daban a Iran: Farisa, Larabawa, Baluchi da Azeri, Musulmi, Kirista, Zoroastrians suka dauka.

"A yau, sautin takenmu ya isa ga matan duniya, da kuma matan Iran ta hanyar wata mata Kurdawa," in ji Osman. "Rayuwar mata da 'yancinsu ya zama asalin gwagwarmaya, har ma da tawaye ga zalunci da rashin daidaito."

Ta yaya ya kai Iran?

Yanzu taken na harshen Farisa da na Kurdawa na daya daga cikin alamomin zanga-zangar a Iran.

Wasu bidiyoyi da ke yawo a kafafen sada zumunta sun nuna yara, maza da mata daga kowane fanni na rayuwa na shiga zanga-zangar da kuma riƙe tutoci masu ɗauke da kalmomi uku "mata, rayuwa, ‘yanci”.

“Iraniyawa musamman mata sun amince da taken sosai kamar yadda ya dace daidai da bukatunsu," in ji Fatemah Karimi, mai bincike, kuma darektan Cibiyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Kurdistan (KHRN) da ke Paris.

“Cin zarafin mata da Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta yi na tsawon shekaru 43 ya ba da wata dama mai girma don amincewa da wannan taken. Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta mayar da batun danne wa mata hakkinsu saniyar ware."

Dr Ghaderi ta kawo daidaituwa tsakanin 'yancin mata na Kurdawa ma Turkiyya da Iran lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da yadda taken yayi hanyar zuwa zanga-zanga a kan titunan kasar.

"A Turkiyya, lokacin da aka aikata laifin fafutuka, mata sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a fafutukar kare kimar al’ada. Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da muke gani a kasar Iran cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata.

Mun ga yaɗuwar ƙungiyoyin jama'a da al'ummomin al'adu. Yunkurin siyasa ya gagara a Iran.

“Masu zanga-zanga a Iran sun san cewa asalin wannan taken Kurdawa ne, amma hakan ba yana nufin suna da alaka da wata kungiya ta siyasa ba. Kalmomi suna tafiya kuma suna iya canza ma'ana," in ji ta.

Mutane da yawa na ganin taken ya tashi daga asalinsa kuma ya zama taken duk duniya game da neman ‘yancin mata.

“Sauran Iraniyawa (wadanda ba Kurdawa ba) sun yi maraba da taken a matsayin wata alama na goyon bayan Kurdawa, ya saba farfaganda na gwamnatin Iran, wanda a kodayaushe yana zargin Kurdawa da kasancewa 'yan aware," in ji Karimi.

Ya zama wani ɓangare na shaharar al'adu, musamman bayan shekarar 2014, kamar yadda taken ya fito a cikin gajerun fina-finai daban-daban, shirye-shirye da labarai.

A cikin shekarar 2018, fitacciyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo 'yar Iran, Golshifteh Farahani, ta taka rawa a matsayin kwamandan mata a cikin Sashen Kare Mata. (YPJ) a cikin fim din "Girls of the Sun", an shirya fim dinne bisa halin da mayaka mata a arewacin Siriya.

Sai aka mayar da taken zuwa littafi wanda aka wallafa a harshen Kurdawa da kuma Italiyanci a 2020.

"Ma'anar wannan taken ya dace daidai da halin da mata ke ciki yanzu a Iran," in ji Karimi.

"Ba za a iya bai wa al’umma ‘yancinta ba idan har ba a bai wa mata nasu ‘yancin ba kuma idan har ana yi wa rabin al’ummarta kaskantu kuma ana amfani da addini ko ‘yancin kasar wurin muzguna musu.”

Dr Ghaderi na tsammanin taken ya isa wurare da dama kamar yadda ya yi cikin shekaru 20”.

“Take ne mai kyau. Ba Iraniyawa kawai kalmar ke yin magana a kansu ba, har ma da sauran mutanen duniya.”