Ukraine: Amashusho n'ibyo tuzi ku gushwanyuka kw'urugomero rutura rwateje imyuzure ikomeye

Urugomero runini cyane rw’amashanyarazi rwo mu gice kiri mu majyepfo ya Ukraine kigenzurwa n’Uburusiya rwarashwanyutse amazi rwari rufashe ateza imyuzure.

Igisirikare cya Ukraine hamwe na NATO/OTAN birashinja Uburusiya ko ari bwo bwagishenye, mu gihe Uburusiya nabwo bushinja Ukraine.

Ibihumbi by’abantu byabaye ngombwa ko bavanwa mu byabo mu bice byibasiwe n’imyuzure biri ku mpande zombi z’uruzi Dnipro.

Martin Griffiths, umukuru w’ishami rya ONU rishinzwe ubutabazi, yaburiye ingaruka zikomeye kandi zizagera kure. Ibi ni ibyo tuzi kugeza ubu:

Uru rugomero ruri hehe?

Urugomero rw’amashanyarazi rwa Kakhovka ruherereye mu mujyi wa Nova Kakhovka mu karere ka Kherson. Uwo mujyi ubu ugenzurwa n’ingabo z’Abarusiya.

Uru rugomero rwubatswe mu gihe cy’Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, ni rumwe mu ngomero esheshatu ziri ku ruzi Dnipro ruva mu majyaruguru y’iki gihugu rukisuka mu nyanja y’umukara. Mu karere ka Kherson, Uburusiya bufite igice cy’ibumoso, naho Ukraine ikagenzura igice cy’iburyo bw’uruzi.

Uru rugomero ruzitiye amazi menshi cyane, abatuye aha bo bayita ‘inyanja ya Kakhovka’ kuko mu bice bimwe byarwo udashobora no kubona inkombe zo hakurya.

Byagenze bite?

Amashusho yerekana gucika kunini cyane kuri uru rugomero, aho amazi menshi anyura ahacitse maze agatemba hepfo mu mugezi yerekeza i Kherson.

Urwego rwa Ukraine rugenzura ingomero, UkrHydroEnergo, rwavuze ko ‘station’ ya Nova Kakhovka “yangijwe yose” kandi ko idashobora gusanwa.

Ntabwo bizwi neza igihe uru rugomero rwangiritse bwa mbere, ariko amashusho y’icyogajuru yerekana ko rwagiye rwangirika mu minsi ishize.

Uko amazi yagiye ava ari menshi muri uru rugomero rwangiritse, ni ko imirima ihinze, imihana, n’imijyi iri hafi aho yagiye irengerwa.

Abantu ibihumbi bo ku mpande zombi z’uruzi bakuwe mu ngo zabo, ariko ibyangiritse byose kugeza ubu ntibizwi neza.

Hari kandi impungenge zikomeye ku bidukikije. Uru ruzi rwagiyemo toni 150 z’imyanda yo mu nganda, nk’uko byavuzwe na Perezida wa Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky, n’izindi toni 300 z’imyanda nk’iyo zishobora gutoboka zikerekeza muri uru ruzi.

Imyaka yari ihinze ku mirima yaratwawe kandi ingaruka z’iyi myuzure ku butaka buhingwa zishobora kumara imyaka.

Ibice by’ubutaka biriho za 'mine' nabyo ubu ntibikiboneka, ibi bikaba bishyira mu kaga abatuye Kherson, ndetse n’abajyana imfashanyo muri ako gace.

Erik Tollefsen, umukuru wa Red Cross/Croix-Rouge ishami rireba ahashyizwe imitego y’intwaro, avuga ko ubu batazi ahantu hari za 'mine', ati: “Icyo tuzi ni uko ziri ahantu munsi y’amazi”.

Uru rugomero rwakozweho igitero?

Kugeza ubu ntihazwi neza icyangije uru rugomero, ariko igisirikare cya Ukraine gishinja Uburusiya guturitsa ku bushake uru rugomero.

Moscow yaba yaratinye ko ingabo za Ukraine zakoresha umuhanda uca hejuru y’uru rugomero kugira ngo yambutse ingabo izigeze mu gice kigenzurwa n’Uburusiya, mu gitero cyo kwigaranzura.

Mykola Kalinin, enjeniyeri muri kompanyi icunga ingomero z’amashanyarazi muri Ukraine, Ukrhydroproject, uru rugomero rwaciwe no guturika.

Yabwiye urubuga rw’amakuru rwo muri Ukraine, Texty, ko uru rugomero ubundi “rwubatse ku buryo rwahangara ingufu zikomeye zishobora kuva hanze”. Yanzura ko rwatezwe 'mine' munsi yarwo.

Ariko Dmitry Peskov, umuvugizi wa Kremlin (ibiro bya perezida w'Uburusiya), yashinje Ukraine, yita ibyabaye igikorwa cyo “gutoba” gishobora kubuza amazi akarere kose ka Crimea – igice Uburusiya bwiyometseho mu 2014.

Yaba Ukraine cyangwa Uburusiya ibyo bavuga ntabwo BBC yabashije kubigenzura.

Ubundi buryo bushobora kuba bwateye uku kwangirika, cyangwa bwabigizemo uruhare, nabwo bwaravuzwe.

Imirwano muri aka gace ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri iki gikorwa remezo, nk’uko Mark Mulligan, umwalimu w’ishami rya Physical Geography muri University College London, yabibwiye BBC.

Indi ngingo avuga ishoboka ni uko Uburusiya, bugenzura uru rugomero, bwashatse nkana ko amazi aba menshi cyane muri uru rugomero maze akarenga ubushobozi bwarwo rukangirika kandi rukangiza byinshi.

Ubusesenguzi ku mashusho y’icyogajuru bwakozwe n’ikigo cyo muri Amerika kitwa the US Foreign Agricultural Service, buvuga ko amazi yiyongereye vuba vuba mu mezi macye ashize.

Prof Mulligan ati: “Amazi menshi cyane muri uru rugomero no kongera kwangirika kuba kwarabayeho mbere, byaba byaratumye urugomero runanirwa rugaturika bikomeye.”

Gusa, gusenyuka k’uru rugomero birakomeye kubisesengurira ku mashusho y’icyogajuru gusa, kubera ko igice kinini cy’inyubako y’urugomero kiba kiri hasi mu mazi.

Prof Mulligan ati: “Kugeza ubu nta muntu ubizi uretse abari hariya, ibindi byose ni uguhwihwisa.”

Zelensky yashinje amahanga kutagira icyo akora vuba ku myuzure uru rugomero rwateje, avuga ko igihe nta mazi yo kunywa, ibiribwa n’imiti hadashobora kumenyekana n’abapfa.

Yashinje imiryango mpuzamahanga, nka Croix-Rouge, kunanirwa kurokora ubuzima bw’abantu. Banki y’isi yohereje itsinda ryihuse ryo kugenzura ibyangiritse n’ibyo Ukraine ikeneye byihutirwa.

Akamaro k'uru rugomero ni akahe?

Uru rugomero rwari rufite amazi menshi cyane yifashishwa n’abaturage batuye hafi aho, kandi rugaha amazi uruganda rw’ingufu za nikleyeri rwa Zaporizhzhia, ruri muri 160km uvuye aho, narwo rugenzurwa n’Uburusiya.

Ikigo mpuzamahanga kireba iby’ingufu za nikleyeri, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), kivuga ko nta ngaruka zihita zibaho aka kanya kuri rwo, ariko ko kirimo gukurikiranira hafi.

Nyuma cyavuze ko igihe igipimo cy’amazi y’uru rugomero cyagera munsi ya 12.7m - igipimo cyo hasi cyane aho amazi aba agiye kuba macye kuburyo atagera i Zaporizhzhia - hari ubundi buryo buteganyijwe aho amazi yava kugira ngo uru ruganda rubone ahagije atuma rudashyuha cyane.

Uru rugomero kandi rwari ingenzi cyane mu guha amazi umwigimbakirwa wa Crimea, bityo amazi ashobora kuba ikibazo aho hantu.

Nyuma y’uko Uburusiya bwigaruriye Crimea mu 2014, Ukraine yafunze umuhora uvana amazi ku rugomero rwa Nova Kakhovka, ibyateye ikibazo gikomeye cy’amazi muri Crimea.

Ingabo z’Uburusiya zafunguye uwo muhora umwaka ushize zimaze gufata ako gace. Gusa kuba uru rugomero ubu rudahari, ikibazo cy'amazi gishobora kugaruka muri Crimea.

Mbere, Uburusiya bwagiye bukora ibitero byinshi ku ngomero ahatandukanye muri Ukraine kuva bwatera iki gihugu, bigatera imyuzure ikomeye no gucika kw’amashanyarazi.