Ukraine-Russia: Raba ingene amadrone yo mu mazi ariko ahindura intambara

Amato y’intambara atagira abadereva, amadrone yo mu mazi, ariko arakoreshwa cane mu ntambara hagati y’Uburusiya na Ukraine.

Mu gihe za ndege zitagira abadereva zikoreshwa cane kandi zikagira ingaruka zikomeye kuri ino ntambara, ubu buhinga bushasha bwo mu mazi nabwo buriko burakomera – kandi bushobora guhindura kazoza k’intambara yo mu mazi.

Amadrone yo mu mazi ni iki?

Amadrone yo mu mazi ni utwato duto tutagira abadereva. Aho bitandukaniye n’amadrone yo mu kirere, ni uko aya akorera hejuru canke musi y’amazi.

Ateye kwinshi haba mu bunini canke ingene akozwe, kandi akoreshwa mu bikorwa vyinshi, harimwo no mu kugenzura ibidukikije.

Aya madrone arashobora kandi no gukoreshwa mu bikorwa vya gisirikare – nko mu gutegura vya bisasu bitegwa mu kuzimu (mines), mu bikorwa vyo gukizura canke guturitsa nk’ibikoresho vy’intambara vy’umwansi biba biri hafi, nk’akarorero amato.

Amadrone yo mu mazi atari make yarafashwe amasanamu kuva iyi ntambara itanguye, harimwo n’imwe ivugwa ko yazimiriye ku nkengera z’akarere ka Crimea kigaruriwe n’Uburusiya.

Kimwe n’amadrone akorera hejuru ku mazi, Ukraine iherutse gushira ahabona iyindi drone nk’iyi igendera musi y’amazi, izwi kw’izina rya Toloka TLK-150.

Amadrone yo mu mazi akora gute akagira agaciro kangana gute?

Mu bintu bisanzwe biranga drone yo mu mazi harimwo ibiturika bisanzwe birimwo hamwe n’amakamera (cameras) arungikira amashusho uwuriko arayikoresha.

Iyo aya madrone arungitswe gutera ibibanza biri kure, babanza kuyaregera mu kuyarungika.

Mu gihe ari hafi yo gushika ku kibanza yarungitsweko, aca akontororwa n’umuntu ari kure akoresheje ubuhinga bwa kure (remote control), nk’uko Sidharth Kaushal wo mu kigo Rusi c’abahinga mu bijanye no kwivuna abansi abivuga.

Amadrone yo mu mazi amwe amwe ya Ukraine yahinguwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwegeranijwe mu twigoro tw’intambara. Akozwe mu bikoresho bihari bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu bucuruzi – atari mu gisirikare - nk’uko Kaushal abivuga.

Ibinyamakuru hamwe n’imbuga ngurukanabumenyi vy’Uburusiya bivuga ko n’Uburusiya bwayakoresheje mu gitero bwakoze ku kiraro co mu gisagara ca Odesa kiri ku nkengera y’ikiyaga. Hagati aho, BBC nta bimenyetso yabonye vyemeza aya makuru.

Ibitigiri vy’aya madrone buri ruhande rwoba rufise ntibirashirwa ahabona. N’igiciro cayo kandi ntikiramenyekana, ariko drone imwe yashizwe ahabona na reta ya Ukraine ifise agaciro k’ibihumbi 250 vy’amadorari y’Abanyamerika ($250,000). Iyi yoba izimbutse cane ugereranije n’ubwoko bwa misire zitari nke ziraswa kure.

Amadrone yo mu mazi kandi ashobora kurungikwa vuba kandi ata n’inyigisho zikenewe ku bayakoresha.

Ni ryari amadrone yo mu mazi amaze gukoreshwa mu kurwanya Uburusiya?

Ubushakashatsi bw’igisata ca BBC kijejwe guhinyuza ibivugwa (BBC Verify) bwerekana ko Ukraine imaze gukora ibitero nibura 13 ikoresheje amadrone yo mu mazi – mu gutera amato ya gisirikare, ikirindiro c’ingabo z’Uburusiya zirwanira mu mazi, hamwe n’ikivuko ca Novorossiysk. Aya makuru afatira ku bitangazwa n’abategetsi b’Uburusiya n’aba Ukraine, hamwe n’ibinyamakuru vy’ibi bihugu.

Amasoko yo mu bushikiranganji bwa Ukraine bujejwe kwivuna abansi yabwiye imboneshakure CNN ko amadrone yo mu mazi yakoreshejwe kandi mu gitero cakozwe ku kiraro c’ahitwa Kerch mu kw’indwi.

Ibitero bimwe bimwe vyakozwe kure y’inkengera za Ukraine.

Mu kwa gatanu, hasohotse amashusho yerekana amadrone yo mu mazi yegereza ubwato maneko bw’Uburusiya bwitwa Ivan Khurs, ariko ntibizwi nimba ubu bwato bwarononekaye.

Uburusiya buvuga ko ibi vyabereye ku birometero 140 mu buraruko bw’umuhora wa Bosphorus wo muri Turukiya – hafi ibirometero 193 uvuye ku rubibe rwa Ukraine. Iki ni icerekana ko aya madrone ashobora gufata igendo za kure.

Amadrone yo mu mazi ariko agira ingaruka izahe kuri ino ntambara?

Ukraine gukoresha amadrone yo mu mazi, ku giciro gito uravye, vyerekana ibihe bishasha vy’intambara zo mu mazi. Aya mayeri ariko ateza ibibazo ku Burusiya, nk’uko bamwe mu bahinga babivuga.

Ugereranije n’ayandi mato, amadrone yo mu mazi aragoye kubona ukoresheje iradari (radar) kubera agendera hasi cane kandi akaba atarekura umuhindo munini.

Mu gihe Ukraine idafise igisirikare kinini kirwanira mu mazi, amadrone yayo yo mu mazi yashoboye kubuza Uburusiya kwigarurira Ikiyaga Cirabura (Mer Noire/Black Sea) cose, nk’uko Katarzyna Zysk, umwigisha ku kigo ca Norvège cigisha ibijanye n’intambara, Institute of Defence Studies, abivuga.

Igitero ku kirindiro c’igisirikare c’Uburusiya kirwanira mu mazi i Sevastopol, mu kw’icumi kw’umwaka uheze wa 2022, ni co cari ica mbere muri kahise, cakozwe hakoreshejwe amadrone yo mu kirere n’ayo mu mazi.

Amato y’intambara y’Uburusiya nibura atatu yarononekaye muri ico gitero, nk’uko bivugwa na GeoConfirmed, ikigo kigenzura amasanamu y’ibigendajuru hamwe n’ayandi acishwa ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi.

Kuva ico gihe, Uburusiya bwaciye bukomeza ibirindiro vyo kwikingira mu micungararo y’ico kirindiro nk’uko biboneka mu masanamu y’ibigendajuru aherutse gusohoka, BBC Verify ikaba yarayabonye.

Ikindi gitero giherutse gukorwa muri uku kw’icenda kuri Sevastopol cakomerekeje abantu 24 cakozwe hakoreshejwe ano madrone yo mu mazi, nk’uko bivugwa n’Uburusiya.

Amadrone yo mu mazi aracafise utunenge tumwe tumwe.

Ivyuma vy’inderetsi bisanzwe biri kuri ano madrone bifise kuba bidafise ubushobozi bwo kubona kure, ibi bigashobora gutuma bitoroha kubona neza amato ariko aragendagenda canke yinyegeje ahantu.

Ayasanzwe afise kamera nayo nyene akeneye kwama ahanahana amakuru na nyene kuyakoresha kugira ngo ashobore kuyatumbereza neza neza ku ntego, rero mu gihe hoba ibibazo vy’ubuhinga ku buryo amashusho y’ikibiriraho adasohoka bishobora kubangamira ibikorwa vyayo.

Prof Zysk ati: "Ntiziraba impinduka nyazo. Turacari ku rugero rw’igerageza”.

Hagati aho, ano mayeri ya Ukraine yanezereje amakungu, kandi ariko “atuma n’ibindi bisata vya gisirikare birwanira mu kirere ahingura ubwoko bw’aya mato vyiga n’ubuhinga bwo kuyakoresha”, nk’uko uno mukenyezi abivuga.