Tarihin yadda aka fara amfani da takunkumi a duniya

Irin nau'intakunkumin fuska mai kayan kamshi don kaucewa kamuwa da annobar "miasmas"

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Bayanan hoto, Irin nau'intakunkumin fuska mai kayan kamshi don kaucewa kamuwa da annobar "miasmas"
    • Marubuci, Daga Bethan Bell
    • Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, BBC News

Masu fashin banki da fitattun taurari da mawaƙa da kariyar lafiya da masu yawon buɗe ido aka fi sani suna saka abin rufe fuska a bainar jama'a amma yanzu ya zama ruwan dare wani abu da yanzu za a kira "sabuwar al'ada."

Zai iya zama ba komi ba - amma ba sabon abu ba ne.

Daga hayakin da mutum ya shaƙa da barazanar hayaƙi mai guba daga iskar gas, an daɗe ana saka abin rufe fuska tsawon shekaru 500 da suka gabata.

Ko da yake da takunkumin fuska na farko ana amfani da shi ne domin ɓoye kamanni ko kuma domin kariya (maimakon wanda ake amfani da shi domin ado) tun a kusan ƙarni na shifa kafin bayyana Annabi Isa (AS).

An samu hotunan mutane sanye da kyalle a bakinsu a bakin kofar ƙaburɓuran Dalar Farisa

A cewar Marco Polo, bayi a ƙarni na 13 suna rufe fuskokinsu da wani abin saƙa. Dalilin shi ne sarki a lokacin ba ya son numfashinsu ya shafi abincinsa ko ɗanɗaɗonsa.

Annoba

Likitocin da ke yaƙi da annoba kafin fara amfani abin rufe fuska mai kama da tsuntsaye

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Bayanan hoto, Likitocin da ke yaƙi da annoba kafin fara amfani abin rufe fuska mai kama da tsuntsaye

Cutar da ake kira 'Black Death' - annobar da ta ɓarke a Turai a cikin ƙarni na 14, inda ta kashe aƙalla mutane miliyan 25 tsakanin 1347 zuwa 1351 - ya haifar da saka abin rufe fuska.

Masana sun yi imanin cewa annobar ta yaɗu ne ta hanyar gurɓataccen iska, wanda ke haifar da illa ga jikin ɗan mutum. Sun yi ƙoƙarin toshe kafar da za su shaƙi iskar mai guba ta hanyar rufe fuska.

Tufafin leda da gilashi mai kauri da ake rufe ido da hula da duka likitoci ke saka a lokacin da suke kula da majinyacin da ya kamu da annoba a 1665

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Bayanan hoto, Tufafin leda da gilashi mai kauri da ake rufe ido da hula da duka likitoci ke saka a lokacin da suke kula da majinyacin da ya kamu da annoba a 1665

Nau'in shiga domin annobar, takunkumi mai kamar bakin tsuntsu kamar hankaka, bai bayyana ba har sai zuwa ƙarshen annobar wauraren tsakiyar ƙarni na 17.

An kuma yi amfani da turare da kayan kamshi - da kuma wani ganye da ake amfani da shi domin kariya daga kamuwa da cutar da ake kira "miasma."

Kaucewa hayaƙi

Wata masana'antar da ke fitar da hayaƙi a London a 1952

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Bayanan hoto, Wata masana'antar da ke fitar da hayaƙi a London a 1952

A ƙarni na 18 an fuskanci wani hayaki a birnin London a dalilin gurbataccen hayaki da kamfanoni ke fitarwa, da kuma gawayi da ake konawa a cikin gidaje.

Bugu da kari yayin da yanayin sanyi ke karuwa, al'umma sun ci gaba da kona gawayin don dumama gidajensu.

To amma lokacin mafi muni da aka fuskanci mace-mace shi ne shekarar 1952, a tsakanin 5 zuwa 9 ga watan Disamba inda akalla mutun 4,000 suka mutu, kuma an kiyasta cewa wasu 8,000 sun sake mutuwa makonni da watannin da suka biyo baya.

Takunkumin fuska domin kaucewa shakar hayaƙi a wajajen 1950

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Bayanan hoto, Takunkumin fuska domin kaucewa shakar hayaƙi a wajajen 1950

Gurbataccen hayaki mafi hadari shi ne wanda ke haduwa da hayakin da tsananin sanyi ke haifarwa.

Yakan haifar da matsalar numfashi da ciwon zuciya da kuma ciwon ido.

Kuma a shekarar 1930 aka fara mayar da takunkumin fuskar wani bangare na kwalliya, kamar wata hulla da ke rufe fuska don yin shirin ko ta kwana.

Jerin gwanon motoci

Mayafin fuska

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Bayanan hoto, Mayafin fuska

Daga nan kuma sai saka gyalen da ke rufe kai da fuska ya fara zama kawa ga mata.

Kafin lokacin mata sukan saka gyale da hula ne a mafi yawan lokuta idan za su je jana'iza.

To amma daga baya aka fahimci cewa yakan tare musu rana da ruwan sama da ƙura da kuma shaƙar gurbataccen iska.

1971 exhaust pollution

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Bayanan hoto, Nan wajajen 1971 inda masu ababen hawa ke saka takunkumi don kaucewa shakar iskar gas

Kamar yadda bincike ya nuna a yanzu babban abunda ke haifar da gurbacewar muhalli a manyan birane shine hayakin da ababen hawa ke fitarwa a dalilin jerin gwanon motoci.

Kuma ba sabon abu bane kaga masu ababen hawa rufe da fuskokinsu a manyan birane tun kafin zuwan annobar korona.

Annobar murar tsuntsaye ta Spanish Flu

Wasu likitocin sun ba da shawarar amfani da abin rufe bakin da aka yi wa feshi a matsayin kariya daga mummunar cutar mura da ake kira Spanish Flu

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Bayanan hoto, Wasu likitocin sun ba da shawarar amfani da abin rufe bakin da aka yi wa feshi a matsayin kariya daga mummunar cutar mura da ake kira Spanish Flu

Annobar wani nau'in mura mai zafi ta barke jim kadan bayan kammala yakin duniya na ɗaya wadda ta girgiza duniya a lokacin.

An yi mata laƙabi da Spanish flu ne saboda a ƙasar Sfaniya ta fara ɓulla, kuma ta kashe kusan mutun miliyan 50 a duniya.

An yi raɗe-raɗin cewa sojojin da ke yaƙ a dazuka ne suka kwasota daga nan kuma ta bazu cikin al'umma.

Tun a lokacin ne kamfanonin da ke zirga-zirga suka tilastawa ma'aikatansu saka takunkumin fuska.

Hakama a asibitoci ma'aikatan lafiya sun riƙa saka takunkumin kafin su shiga ɓangaren masu jinyar Spanish flu a asibitin St Marylbone da ke London.

Daga nan kuma sauran ƙasashen Turai suka fara ɗaukar irin wannan mataki.

Iskar Gas

Irin barazanar da ƙasashe syja fuskanta bayan yaƙin duniya na biyu na amfani da iska mai guba a matsayin makami ya sa gwamnatin Burtaniya ɗaukar matakan samar da takunkumi rufe fuska ga fararen hula da kuma sojoji.

Daga nan kuma sauran ƙasashen Turai suka fara ɗaukar irin wannan mataki.

Mata suna rawa a wani wurin cashewa a London sanye da takunkumi domin kaucewa shakar gas

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Bayanan hoto, Mata suna rawa a wani wurin cashewa a London sanye da takunkumi domin kaucewa shakar gas
Dabbobi ma ana saka masu takunkumi

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Bayanan hoto, Dabbobi ma ana saka masu takunkumi

Sanannun fuskoki da kuma sirri

Daga baya kuma sanannun fuskoki sun riƙa amfani da ƙyalle ko hulla son rufe fuskokinsu idan suka shiga wuraren da ba sa son a gane su ko kuma suke son sirri.

Boy George a tashar jirgin Heathrow a 1985, ya rufe fuska da mayafi

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Bayanan hoto, Boy George a tashar jirgin Heathrow a 1985, ya rufe fuska da mayafi

Kuma har yanzu dabi'a ce da ake gani ga sanannun fuskoki a duk lokacin da suka shiga taro.

Duk da cewa hakan ba zai hana an gane su ba a wasu lokuta, hakan bai sa sun daina ɗabi'ar ba.

Justin Bieber

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