Zaɓen Ghana: Abubuwa shida da suka kamata ku sani kan zaɓen ƙasar

A ranar Litinin 7 ga watan Disamabar 2020, al'ummar ƙasar Ghana ke jefa ƙuri'a a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƴan majalisar dokoki.

Ƴan takara 11 ke ƙalubalantar shugaba mai-ci Nana Akufo-Addo, wanda ke neman wa'adi na biyu.

Babban abokin hamayyarsa ya kasance wanda ya gada kuma abokin adawarsa a 2016, John Dramani Mahama.

Rashin aikin yi da rashin tsaro da tasirin annobar korona ga tattalin arziki na daga cikin manyan batutuwan da ƴan ƙasar za su mayar da hankali wajen zaɓe.

Ga abubuwa shida da kuke bukatar sani kan zaɓen.

1. Babu wani abu sabo

Duniya ta shiga wani yanayi da hali na rashin tabbas da mamaki a wannan shekarar sai dai zaɓen Ghana bai zo da wani mamaki ba.

Dan takarar Jam'iyya mai mulki NPP, Mr Akufo-Addo mai shekara 76, da daɗaɗɗen abokin hamayyarsa, Mr Mahama, mai shekara 62, na jam'iyyar NDC na fafatawa a karo na uku.

A shekara ta 2012 mutanen biyu suka yi takarar farko.

A takararsu ta farko, kwatsam Mr Mahama ya kasance mutumin da jam'iyyarsa ta zaɓa bayan mutuwar shugaba John Evans Atta Mills wata biyar kafin zaɓe.

Mr Mahama, mai shekara 62, ya doke abokin hamayyarsa Mr Akufo-Addo mai shekara 76.

An ƙalubalanci sakamakon zaɓen a kotu kan zargin maguɗi sai dai bayan wata 8 kotun ƙoli ta tabbatar wa Mr Mahaman da nasara.

Amma a 2016, Mr Akufo-Addo ya rama.

Mr Mahama ya shaida wa BBC cewa matsalolin tattalin arziki, rikicin mulki da ya shawo kansa a makare, da labaran boge da aka yi ta yaɗawa a kafofin sada zumunta su suka haifar da rashin nasararsa shekaru hudu da suka wuce.

Amma ko ma dai me ya faru, za a sake tataɓurza ba tsakanin mazajen biyu - domin duk wanda ya yi nasara a wannan lokaci to ya gama wa'adinsa na shugabanci sau biyu.

2. Tasirin Rawlings

Wannan shi ne karo na farko tun sake dawowar dimokradiya a 1992 - bayan tsawon shekaru ana mulkin soja - ake zaɓe ba tare da tasirin tsohon shugaba marigayi Jerry Rawlings ba.

Fitaccen shugaban mai ƙwar-jini, wanda ya yi tsayin daka wajen tabbatuwar ƴancin siyasa, ya mutu yana da shekara 73 a wani asibitin birnin Accra, ranar 12 ga watan Nuwambar 2020, bayan gajeriyar jinya.

Duk da cewa Rawling ya goyi bayan jam'iyyar mai mulki ta NPP a zaɓen 2016, masu sharhi kan harkokin siyasa sun ce jam'iyyar NDC ta Mr Mahama da Rawlings ya kafa, na samun kuri'ar jinkai.

Goyon bayan da Rawlings ya nuna wa Mr Akufo-Addo ya haifar da rashin jin dadi a jam'iyyar hamayya da tasiri a kuri'arta.

3. Zaɓen farko babu 'ƴan sintiri'

Akwai kwanciyar hankali a ƙasar ganin cewa za a gudanar da zaɓen ba tare da sabon rikici ba daga ƴan sintiri da ƴan siyasa ke daukar haya.

Wata doka da aka amince da ita a bara da ta samu amincewar kowanne ɓangare na jam'iyyun ta haramta irin wadannan ƙungiyoyi da hukuncin shekara akalla 10.

Manyan jam'iyyun siyasar ƙasar biyu na taka rawa wajen hayar matasa da ke haifar da hargitse a lokutan zaɓe.

4. Ƴan awaren Togoland

Sai dai akwai wata matsala ta ƙungiyar ƴan a-ware da take matsa lamba kan fafutukar neman ƴanci da ɓallewa daga Ghana domin kafa ta su kasar - Western Togoland.

Kiraye-kiraye da matsin nasu sun sake bayyana ne a 2017 - bayan shirun da aka ji kusan shekara 20 - yanzu haka akwai sabbin ƙungiyoyin ƴan tawayen da suka kafu a cikinsu.

A watan Satumba, ɗaya daga cikin sabbin ƙungiyoyin, ta kai hari wanda shi ne na farko da ake gani a tarihi tun soma fafutakar su.

Sun kai hare-haren ne a shingen binciken, ofisoshin ƴan sanda da ƙwace makamai da kona tashoshin motar bas.

Gwamnati ta tura jami'an tsaro yankunan da ake ganin akwai yiwuwar a yi ƙoƙarin haifar da husuma ko tarwatsa zaɓen.

5. Rijistar Ecowas

Hukumar zaɓen Ghana ta yi amfani da sabbin dokoki gabanin zaɓen a kokarin tabbatar da cewa ta cire sunayen baƙi da take zargi za a yi amfani da su a rijistar Ecowas.

Jam'iyyar NDC ta zargi hukumar zaɓen da tauye ƴancin mutanen da ke da shaidar izinin ƙasashe biyu, musamman ƴan ƙasar da suka dawo da mazauna yankin Togo land.

Shugabar hukumar zaɓe, Jean Mensa, ta musanta wadannan zarge-zarge kan mazaunan yankin Volta.

Mutum miliyan 2 ake sa ran za su jefa kuri'a yau Litinin adadin da ya sha bamban da shekaru hudu baya.

6. Gangami ana tsaka da annoba

Annobar korona ta sauya yadda aka saba ganin yaƙin neman zaɓen - yanayin da ya rinka fusata ƴan siyasa da al'umma.

Maimakon hanyaniya da bazama tituna ana gangami, jam'iyyu sun ta amfani da shafin Twitter da hotunan bidiyo da kafofin sada zumunta wajen kamfen.

Manyan jam'iyyun sun fafata a shafukan Twitter da Facebook ta hanyar wallafa sakonnin da ke karo da juna.

A kafofin radio da talabijin da sakonnin waya aka rinka wasu kamfen din.

Sai dai kwanaki kadan kafin zaɓen an yi ta gargaɗi ganin yadda ƴan siyasa da magoya bayansu suka rinka taruka. Wannan yanzu na haifar da fargabar ƙaruwar masu kamuwa da korona.

Sama da mutum dubu 50 ne suka kamu da cutar a Ghana, cikinsu 300 sun mutu.