Yadda aka kassara rundunar sojin Habasha

Rundunar sojin Habasha runduna ce da a baya har Amurka ta taɓa yaba mata, amma a halin yanzu ta tafka babbar asara a fagagen daga inda har a yanzu gwamnatin Habashar ke kira ga jama'ar ƙasar da su shiga yaƙin da ake yi da ƴan tawayen Tigray.

Wannan wata alama ce ta wani babban sauyi a rundunar sojin ƙasar.

A shekarar da ta gabata, gwamnatin ta fatattaki babbar jam'iyya mai mulki a yankin na Tigray wato TPLF - a yanzu mayaƙan jam'iyyar na ƙwace garuruwa a hanyar su ta zuwa Addis Ababa babban birnin Habasha.

"Da farko mayaƙan TPLF sun yi wa sojin ƙasar illa a yaƙin sunƙurun da aka soma a yankin na Tigray ta hanyar ƙaddamar da hare-haren sari-ka-noƙe," kamar yadda wani mai sharhi kan yankin Kusurwar Afrika mazaunin Amurka Faisal Roble ya bayyana.

"Sai suka shiga yaƙi gadan-gadan domin su ƙarasa."

Sai dai Achamyeleh Tamiru - wani ɗan ƙasar Habasha da ke sharhi kan tattalin arziƙi da siyasa ya bayyana cewa yana ganin tafiyar da mayaƙan TPLF ke yi zuwa babban birnin Addis Ababa kawai na wucin gadi ne.

"Ƴan ƙasar Habasha daga ko ina sun tashi domin su kare ƙasarsu daga rugujewa," in ji su.

Irin dabarun da mayaƙan TPLF ke amfani da su sun tuna wa tsohon editan sashen BBC Tigrinya wato Samuel Ghebhrehiwet irin rayuwar da ya yi a lokacin yana matashi ta yaƙin sunkuru, inda shi da sauran ƴan yankinsa suka yaƙi mulkin Mengistu Haile Mariam har sai da aka hamɓarar da gwamnatin a 1991.

Ba su da wasu makamai na a zo a gani, amma suna da ƙarfi, kuma suna rayuwa ne da abincin da suke samu a kullum, inda a lokacin suke da juriya matuƙa da azama.

Eritrea ta yi gaba inda ta samu ƴancin kanta inda jam'iyyar TPLF ta samu mulki a Habasha - duk da ƙarfin da take da shi na mamaye ƙasar ya zo ƙarshe bayan wata zanga-zanga da aka gudanar a 2018.

Shugabanninta sun koma Tigray wanda daga nan ne suka soma kitsa rikicin da ake yi a yanzu inda suka ƙaddamar da hare-hare a Nuwambar 2020 kan sansanin sojin tarayya da taimakon wasu sojojin tarayyar waɗanda suke biyayya ga Tigray.

Ba wai batun makamai masu yawan da aka ƙwace ba, amma manyan sojoji da ƙanana dubbansu waɗanda suka ƙi bayar da kai bori ya hau an kama su, wasu kuma aka kashe su.

"Harin da aka kai cikin dare kan sansanin ya bar giɓi matuƙa wanda hakan ya mayar da ita kamar ba ta da sojojin tarayya," in ji Mista Achamyeleh.

Sai dai sojojin - tare da da taimako mai ƙarfi daga rundunar sojin Eritrea da kuma dakaru da mayaƙa daga yankunan Amhara na Habasha sun shawo kan wannan matsala ta hanyar ƙaddamar da hare-hare ta sama da kuma ta ƙasa wanda hakan ya sa aka ƙwace iko da yankin Tigray ɗin daga hannun ƴan TPLF ɗin cikin ƙasa da wata guda.

Amma Mista Samuel ya bayyana cewa ganin cewa sun gudanar da zalunci iri-iri ga farar hula - ciki har da fyaɗe da kashe mutane da ƙona shukoki - ƴan yankin Tigray "daga ɓangarori da dama sai suka shiga cikin mayaƙn TPLF domin su kare martabar iyalansu".

"Iyaye sun shaida wa ƴaƴansu cewa: 'Da su mutu a gida gwara su je su yi yaƙi.' Ya zama yaƙi tsakanin jama'ar Tigray da kuma sojin ƙasar - ba wai yaƙi kawai ba ne tsakanin TPLF da sojin ƙasar."

Kamar yadda Mista Roble ya bayyana, tsofaffin janarori wadanda suka yi ritaya ko kuma suka koma kan tsaunukan Tigray da kuma cikin koguna domin su kafa rundunar TDF wato Tigray Defence Force, a matsayin wani ɓangare na TPLF domin tabbatar da cewa sabbin dubban mayaƙan da aka ɗauka an shirya su da kyau.

"Waɗannan janarorin suna ganin cewa suna ji kamar aikinsu ne su kare ƴan yankin Tigray. Da ilimin da suke da shi na cin sojin tarayya da yaƙi," in ji Mista Roble.

Ganin cewa a yanzu mayaƙan na Tigray tsakaninsu da Addis Ababa babban birnin Habasha ƙasa da kilomita 300 ne, a bayyana take cewa suna da ƙarfi fiye da sojin tarayyar ƙasar wanda a baya yana daga cikin mafi ƙarfi a nahiyar Afrika, in ji shi.

"Habasha ita ce ƙawar Amurka ta farko a yankin Kusurwar Amurka a yaƙin da ake yi da ta'addanci, musamman a Somalia a inda ta ga bayan ƙungiyar Islamic Courts Union wadda ita ce ta haifi ƙungiyar da ke iƙirarin jihadi ta al-Shabab.

"Amurka ta tallafa wa sojin da kudi da kuma makamai da kuma ba sojojin ƙasar guzuri," in ji Mista Roble.

"Kuma ƙungiyar tarayyar Afrika ta dogara da Habasha kan batun ayyukan wanzar da zaman lafiya, amma a yanzu ita kanta Habashar ba a natse take ba."

Gudawa daga fagen yaƙi da kuma rashin ƙwarin gwiwa

TPLF ta shiga rikici ne tun bayan da Firaiminista Abiy Ahmed ya kama aiki a watan Afrilun 2018 bayan manyan ƙabilun ƙasar biyu - Oromo da Amhara - sun gudanar da zanga-zanga kan yadda TPLF ɗin ta jagoranci ƙasar tsawon shekara 27.

Mista Abiy ya kawo sabbin tsare-tsare waɗanda ba su yi wa TPLF daɗi ba.

"Ƴan yankin Tigray ne ke da kashi 6 cikin 100 na jama'ar ƙasar a lokacin da TPLF ɗin ke jagorantar ƙasar, jam'iyyar ta ƙirƙiro wani tsari da ya ba kowace ƙabila yankinta," in ji Mista Roble.

"TPLF tana jin cewa Mista Abiy wanda ɗan ƙabilar Oromo ne, na son gwamnatin tarayya ta tattara ikon ƙasar ta riƙe. Hakan ya jawo rabuwar kai tsakaninsu wanda hakan ya jawo yaƙi," in ji Mista Roble.

Alex de Waal, wanda babban darakta ne a ƙungiyar zaman lafiya ta World Peace Foundation da ke Amurka, ya bayyana cewa Abiy Ahmed ya kuma yi niyyar yin garambawul kan rundunar sojin ƙasar domi tabatar da cewa tana yi masa biyayya da kuma magance damuwar da ake da ita ta yadda ƴan Tigray suka mamaye ta.

"Yan yankin Tigray su ne kashi 18 na rundunr sojin ƙasar, adadin sun ya yi yawa idan aka kwatanta da adadin mutanen ƙasar. Mista Abiy ya soma tsare-tsare domin yaƙar yan Tigray da kuma kafa wasu dakaru da ke masa biyayya," in ji Farfesa De Waal.

"Waɗannan sauye-sauyen sun sanyaya gwiwar sojin wanda ya sa sojojin suka rage zafi. Mista Abiy bai samu lokacin yin garambawul ba har yaƙi ya soma.

Ya ce cikin rundunonin sojin ƙasar 20, 10 daga cikinsu na da aƙalla sojoji 5,000 - aka kori wasu, aka kashe aƙalla dubu 10 an kuma kama irin wannan adadin.

BBC ta yi ƙoƙarin jin ta bakin mai magana da yawun ɓangaren tsaro na ƙasar amma bai ce komai ba.

Hare-haren da ake kai wa jama'a

Bayan kama yankin Tigray a watan Yuni, TPLF ta ƙaddamar da hare-hare a yankunan Amhara da Afar masu makwaftaka, inda Mista Abiy ya yi kira ga duka matasa masu jini a jika da su shiga cikin rndunar sojin ƙasar domin yaƙar ƴan tawayen Tigray."

"Domin daƙile ci gaba da kutsawar da suke yi, sojojin da ke Amhara sun ƙaddamar da hare-hare inda suka yi amfani da talakawa da ɗalibai da matasa. Matasan sojojin suna haka ne da niyyar kare ƙasarsu sai dai kawai suna da horo ne na makonni kaɗan," in ji Farfesa De Waal.

"A wani lokacin kuma, hrin da aka ki na biyu babu bindigogi ma. Mayaƙan Tigray sun kashe da dama daga cikinsu."

"Wannan lamarin ya samar da mummunan lamari sakamakon ya sa aka kasa bambancewa tsakanin asalin sojoji da kuma farar hula. Hakan kuma zai jawo rikici tsakanin mutane.

Mista Achamyeleh ya musanta cewa wannan wata dabara ce, inda ya ce dole ne matasa su tashi tsaye domin kare jama'arsu daga hare-haren ƴan tawaye a lokacin da babu jami'an tsaro.