Kyautar Nobel: Kyaututtukan samar da zaman lafiya na Nobel shida masu cike da ce-ce-ku-ce

Da misalin ƙarfe 10 na safe agogon GMT na ranar Juma'a mai zuwa ne za a sanar da wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel kan samar da zaman lafiya na shekarar 2021. Shin hakan zai haddasa wani ce-ce-ku-ce, kamar yadda aka sha yi a lokuta da dama na baya a irin wannan?

Kyautar Nobel na samar da zaman lafiya, cikin kyaututtuka shida da masanin kimiyya na kasar Sweden, dan kasuwa, kuma mai taimakon jama'a marigayi Alfred Nobel ya kirkiro, ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin karramawa mafi daraja.

Amma saboda yanayin yadda aka siyasantar da ita, kyautar zaman lafiyar ta kasance cike da ce-ce ku-ce a koda yaushe, fiye da sauran biyar din. Ga wasu daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi yin takaddama a kansu, da kuma gagarumin tsallake ɗaya da ya faru:

Barack Obama

Mutane da dama sun cika da ruɗani lokacin da tsohon shugaban Amurka Barack Obama ya lashe kyautar Zaman Lafiya ta Nobel a shekarar 2009 - da suka haɗa da shi kan sa wanda ya karɓi kyautar.

Har sai da Obama ya rubuta a cikin kundin abubuwan tunawarsa na shekarar 2020 cewa martaninsa na farko kan sanarwar shi ne, ''A wane dalili?".

Lokacin watanninsa tara kacal a kan mulki, kuma masu suka na ɗaukar wannan mataki a matsayin wanda lokacinsa bai kai ba - ko shakka babu, wa'adin da aka bayar na gabatar da waɗanda za a tantance ya kai kwanaki 12 kacal bayan rantsar da Obama.

A shekarar 2015, tsohon daraktan Cibiyar Nobel, Geir Lundestad ya bayyana wa BBC cewa kwamitin da ya yanke shawarar bayar da kyautar ya yi nadama game da matakin.

Har wa'adin mulkin Shugaba Obama na biyu, dakarun Amurka na kan fafatawa a ƙasashen Afghanistan da Iraƙi da kuma Syria.

Yasser Arafat

An bai wa marigayi shugaban Palasɗinu kyautar ta Nobel a shekarar 1994 tare da Firaiministan Isra'ila Yitzhak Rabin da kuma Ministan Harkokin Wajen Isra'ila Israela Shimon Peres kan ayyukansu game da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Oslo - wanda a shekarar 1990 suka bayar da ƙarfin gwuiwa na samar da mafita game da rikicin da ke tsakanin Isra'ila da Palasdinu.

Matakin bayar da kyautar ga Yasser Arafat, mutumin da a baya ya kasance cikin ayyukan jami'an tsaron sa-kai, ya haifar da suka a Isra'ila da wasu ƙasashen.

Ko shakka babu, gabatar da Arafat ya haddasa kace-nace a tsakanin su kan su mambobin kwamitin na Nobel.

Ɗaya daga cikin mambobin kwamitin, Kare Kristiansen, ɗan siyasa a ƙasar Norway ya yi murabus saboda nuna rashin jin daɗi.

Aung San Suu Kyi

Ƴar siyasar ta ƙasar Burma ta lashe kyautar samar da zaman lafiya ta nobel a shekarar 1991 kan fafutikarta da babu tashin hankali ciki kan mulkin soji a Myanmar.

Amma bayan fiye da shekara 20, Aung San Suu Kyi ta samu kanta a cikin mummunar suka kan gaza fitowa ta yi magana kan kashe-kashe da dama da kuma matsanacin cin zarafin bil-adama da aka yi wa Musulmai 'yan kabilar Rohingya a ƙasar, da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta bayyana a matsayin ''kisan ƙare dangi'.

An kiraye-kiraye na a kwace kyautar da aka ba ta, amma dokokin da kyaututtuka shida na Nobel suka tanadar ba su amince da wannan mataki ba.

Abiy Ahmed

A watan Disambar shekarar 2020, an bai wa firaiministan Habasha kyautar Zaman Lafiya ta Nobel kan ƙoƙarinsa wajen shawo kan matsalar rikicin kan iyakoki da kasar Eritrea makwabciya.

Amma bayan shekara daya, an dasa ayar tambaya kan ko wannan mataki ya dace. Ƙasashen duniya sun soki lamirin matakin Abiy Ahmed na aikewa da dakarun soji zuwa arewacin yankin Tigray.

Fadan a can ya haddasa mutuwar dubban mutane, kana Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta bayyana rikicin a matsayin ''mummunan abin ɓacin rai'.

Wangari Mathai

Marigayiya tsohuwar mai fafutika ta ƙasar Kenya ce ta zaman mace ta farko a Afirka da ta lashe kyautar Nobel a shekarar 2004.

Amma an fara bincike game da nasararta bayan bayyanar wasu kalamanta kan cutar HIV da Aids.

Wangrai Mathai ta bayyana cewa an kirkiri ƙwayar cutar ta HIV ne a matsayin wani makami na yaƙa da kuma lalata rayuwar baƙaƙen fata.

Babu wasu shaidu na kimiyya da suka tabbatar da ikirarin na ta.

Henry Kissinger

A shekarar 1973, sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka na wannan lokaci Henry Kissinger ya samu kyautar samar da Zaman Lafiyar ta Nobel.

Bayar da kyautar ga mutumin da ya ke da hannu a wasu abubuwa da suka kasance cike da kace-nace a cikin manufofin Amurka kan ƙasashen waje, kamar na tsare kai harin bam a kasar Cambodia da kuma goyon bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata a Amurka ta Kudu ya tayar da ƙura fiye da ƙima.

An bai wa Kissinger kyautar tare da shugaban Arewacin Vietnam Le Duc Tho kan rawar da suka taka wajen zaman yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta a lokacin yaƙin Vietnam.

Mambobin kwamitin bayar da kyautar ta Nobel biyu ne suka yi murabus don nuna rashin jin daɗi, kana jaridar New York Times ta mayar da martani a labaranta ta hanyar danganta kyautar a matsayin Kyautar Haddasa Yaki.

Tsallake Gandhi a bayar da kyautar

Kyautar ta Nobel ta kuma shahara kan wasu daga cikin tsallakenta. A bangaren samar da zaman lafiya, tsallaken da ya fi fitowa fili shi ne na Mahatma Gandhi.

Duk da cewa an gabatar da shi sau da dama, ɗan siyasar na ƙasar Indiya, wanda ya kasance wani abin koyi ga ƙungiyoyi masu samar da zaman lafiya a karni na 20, bai taɓa samun kyautar ba.

A shekarar 2006 ne, masanin tarihi na kasar Norway Geir Lundestad, lokacin da yake jagorantar kwamitin da ke zaɓar waɗanda suka lashe kyautar ya ce rashin kula wa da nasarori da gudumawar Gandhi babban tsallake ne a cikin tarihin kyautar Nobel.