Sarkin Ingila da ya yi barazanar komawa addinin Musulunci

A ƙarni na 12, Sarki Henry II na Ingila ya yi wa fadar Fafaroma - Vatican barazanar ficewa daga addinin Kirista ya koma Musulunci, saboda fushin da yake yi da Thomas Becket, babban limamin cocin Ingila - Canterbury, da kuma kokarinsa na matsa wa Fafaroma a kan ya kore shi, kamar yadda Claudia Gold, ta rubuta a mujallar tarihi ta BBC.

A tsakanin watannin Maris da Afirilu da Mayu na 1168, Sarki Henry II, wanda shi ne ke kan sarautar Ingila a lokacin ya rubuta wa Fafaroma Alexander III wasika.

A lokacin babu wani saɓani tsakanin Sarkin da Fafaroma to amma a wannan wasiƙa al'amarin ya sauya domin Sarkin ya yi barazanar komawa addinin Musulunci.

Wane ne Sarki Henry II?

Kundin bayanan tarihi (Encyclopedia Britannica) ya nuna cewa an haifi Henry II a ranar 4 ga watan Maris na 1133, a Le Mans, inda a yau ke arewa maso yammacin Faransa, kuma ya rasu ranar 6 ga watan Yulin 1189 a kusa da Tour.

Ya riƙe sarautar Yariman Normandy (1150), da Galadiman Anjou (1151), da Yariman Aquitaine (1152), sannan ya zama Sarkin Ingila a 1154.

Mahaifinsa shi ne Galadiman Anjou da mahaifiyarsa kuma ita ce Matilda, 'yar Sarki Henry I na Ingila.

Henry ya tsara Matilda a matsayin wadda za ta gaje shi amma abokin wasansa, Stephen ya ƙwace sarautar.

Asali

Bayan karatun da ya yi, Henry ya zama Yariman Normandy a 1150, and Galadiman Anjou, Maine da Touraine bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Geoffrey Plantagenet a shekarar 1151.

Kasancewar mahaifiyarsa Matilda, 'yar Sarki Henry I, ta hau sarauta to amma abokin wasanta Sarki Stephen ya ki mubaya'a.

A 1152, Henry ya auri Eleanor, wadda aurenta ya mutu da Sarki Louis VII na France.

Henry ya mamayi Ingila a 1153, inda ya kwato sarautar mahaifiyarsa. Sarki Stephen ya bayar da kai ya kuma karbe shi a matsayin wazirinsa kuma wanda zai gaje shi .

Lokacin da Stephen ya rasu bayan shekara daya, Henry ya gaje shi ba tare da wata hamayya ba, inda ya zama mai mulkin kasar da ta kama daga Scotland har zuwa tsaunukan Pyrenees (yankin Sifaniya da Faransa).

Zamanin mulkinsa

Za a iya kallon mulkinsa ta fuska uku: ƙwarewa tare da faɗaɗa ikonsa, abin da ya janyo masa saɓani da wasu rikice-rikice biyu, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na yin sauye-sauye a salon mulki da kuma shari'a.

A farkon mulkinsa ya samu Ingila na fama da rikici; na yaƙin basasa da rikicin manyan mutane da suka mallaki filaye da gonaki, lamarin da ya zubar da kimar sarauta a ƙasar.

A watan farko na mulkinsa, sarkin tare da taimakon babban mai ba shi shawara Thomsa Becket, ya murƙushe tawayen manyan masu gonaki da filaye, inda ya fara dawo da doka da oda.

To amma kuma bayan ƴan shekaru kaɗan sai ya samu saɓani da Beckett bayan da Beckett ɗin ya zama babban limamin cocin Ingila.

Kuma rikicin ya taso ne a kan ƴancin gurfanar da malaman addinin Kirista da suka yi laifi a gaban kotun coci maimakon kotun mulkin ƙasa.

Rikicin ya janyo taɓarbarewar alaƙa gaba ɗaya a tsakanin mutanen biyu - sarki da babban mai ba shi shawara.

Bayan haka lamarin har ma ya shafi alakar sarki Henry da Sarki Louis VII na Faransa, wanda ya goyi bayan Beckett, da kuma Fafaroma Alexander III na Vatican.

Ran Sarki Henry na ɓaci sosai lokacin da ya gano cewa ya naɗa mutumin da yake da tsananin kishin addini maimakon masarauta - wanda ya fi fifita coci a kan masarauta.

Ya ƙara harzuƙa kuma bayan da Beckett ya yi murabus daga matsayin babban mai ba shi shawara bayan da aka zaɓe shi a matsayin limamin Ingila.

A yunƙurinsa na ganin fadar Fafaroma ta kori Becket daga matsayin Babban limamin cocin Ingila, shi ne Sarki Henry II ya rubuta wasiƙa a 1168 inda a ciki ya yi barazanar komawa Musulunci.

To amma Henry ya san Musulunci ne?

Henry ya san abubuwa da dama game da Musulunci, kasancewar ya karanta littattafai da rubuce-rubucen Petrus Alphonsus, likitan kakansa Sarki Henry I, wanda ya yi rubutu na farko da aka amince da shi, a kan Annabi Muhammad, da kuma Peter (the Venerable), wanda ya kaddamar da littafin farko na fassarar Qur'ani na harshen Latin.

Baya ga addinin Musulunci, Henry yana koyon Larabci tun yana karami. Kuma ya samu ilimi mai nagarta sosai daga malaman da suke da ilimi a kan abin da ake dauka sabon ilimi da ke fitowa daga Sicily, da Sifaniya da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Sha'awar da Henrry ke nunawa a kan al'adun Larabawa ta ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da ya hau sarauta, kasancewar hatta malaman Larabawa yana gayyata fadarsa.

Saboda haka, Henry ya san abubuwa da dama a kan Musulunci da al'adun Larabawa, lokacin da ya aika da wannan wasika zuwa ga Fafaroma a shekarar 1168.

To amma da gaske yake kan Musulunta?

Sarkin yana martaba Musulunci da al'adun Larabawa sosai . To amma me ya sa ya yi wannan barazana?

Za a iya samun amsar wannan tambaya a wasikar da Henry din ya rubuta wa tsohon sarkin Macedonia (Alexander the Great), cewa nan da ɗan lokaci zai bi hanyar Nur ad-Din (Sultan na Aleppo) saboda abin da ya kira ikon da Thomas Becket ke nunawa a kan cocin Ingila.

Ba wani bakon abu ba ne a ce Henry ya yi baraza, to amma da gaske yake a kan wannan?

Shi fa ba wai sarki ne na Ingila ba kaɗai; sarautarsa ta wuce Ingila kaɗai ta haɗa da wasu yankuna har zuwa wasu wuraren da ke ƙasar Faransa.

Yana ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka fi karfi a duniya; tasirinsa ya kama daga iyakar Scotland har zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda baffanninsa suka mulki Masarautar Qudus.

Tun 1097, Masu yaƙi da yaɗa addinin Kirista na Turai suke yaƙi da dakarun Musulmai a Gabas ta Tsakiya, kuma suke kankame kasashe da yankunan da suke ƙwacewa - wanda ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne yankin Qudud da Edessa da Tripoli.

Ana yi wa Musulmi kallon maƙiyan Kiristoci.

Saboda haka idan Henry da gaske yake zai Musulunta to Musuluntarsa za ta iya janyo abubuwa da dama a Turai a karni na 12, kasancewarsa sarki kuma mai tasiri sosai.

Kasancewar ana yi masa kallon wanda bai damu da addini ba sosai, ana kallon wannan barazana tasa a matsayin wata dabara ta neman Vatican ta kori Archbishop Beckett daga mukamin babban limamin cocin Ingila.

Babban abin da ya dame shi shi ne yadda zai tabbatar da babban dansa a matsayin wanda zai gaji sarautar a lokacin rayuwarsa, domin kauce wa zubar da jini, kamar yadda ake zubar da jini bayan kusan kowa ne sarki ya mutu a kan wanda zai gaje shi.

To kuma wanda yake da ikon dora wanda zai zama mai jiran gado na sarautar Ingila shi ne babban limamin cocin Ingila, kuma Henry na son Becket ya amince da burinsa na ganin babban ɗansa ya samu matsayin.

Rigimarsa da Becket ta ci gaba tsawon shekaru, kuma duk wani yunkuri na sasanta su ya ci tura.

Ta kai ma har Becket na hukunta limaman coci da suka haɗa kai da Henry, kuma da jin hakan Henry ya yi wani kalami na cewa, ''Yanzu babu wanda zai kawar min da wannan baƙon malamin?''

Wannan ya sa wasu fadawansa hudu suka je suka kashe Becket a cikin cocin a watan Disamban 1170.

Rigimar iyalai

Alakarsa da matarsa Eleanor, wadda ya girme ta da shekara 11, ta ci gaba da wanzuwa lami lafiya tsawon lokaci, kuma ta haifa masa ƴaƴa 8 a tsakanin shekarar 1153 zuwa 1167.

Daga cikin waɗannan ƴaƴa nasu an samu saɓani tsakanin ƴaƴan da mahaifinsu a kan rabo da ya yi na rukunin gidajensa, yayin da ya ci gaba da rike sarautar.

Matar tasa ta goyi bayan ƴaƴan, lamarin da ya kai har ya ɗaure ta a kurkuku har sai bayan mutuwarsa aka fitar da ita.

Kwarjinin Henry ya ragu bayan kisan Becket to amma ya yi kokarin daidaita al'amura.

Amma duk da haka an rika samun rikici bayan rikici hatta a tsakanin ƴaƴansa.

A ire-iren wannan rikici ne har ta kai an ci karfin Henry aka tilasta masa sauka daga mulki.

Jin labarin cewa babban ɗansa John ya haɗa kai da abokan gabarsa, wannan labari ya ɓata masa rai har ya rasu a kusa da birnin Tour a shekarar 1189.