Zaɓen da ya koma na gwana ɗaya a Bangladesh

Daga Anbarasan Ethirajan

BBC News

A ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 2024 ne za a gudanar da zaben gama gari a Bangladesh, anna tuni 'yar manuniya ta fara haska sakamakon zaben.

Jam'iyya mai mulki ta Awami League ta shirya tsaf domin neman wa'adin mulkin na hudu na daukacin madafun iko.

Sai dai 'yan adawa sun yi kira ga magoya baya su kauracewa zaben, a daidai lokacin da yawancin shugabannin 'yan adawar ake tsare da su a gidan kaso.

Babbar jam'iyyar adawa ta Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), da abokan kawancenta, sun ce ba su da tabbacin firai minista Sheikh Hasina za ta gudanar da sahihin zabe bisa adalci.

Sun yi kiran ta sauka daga mukaminta, domin samun damar gudanar da zaben karkashin gwamnatin hadaka, amma ta yi watsi da wannan kira. Dan haka takardar kada kuri'ar za ta kasance da 'yan takarar jam'iyyar Awami League da na jam'iyyun kawance da kuma masu zaman kan su.

"Dimukradiyya ta mutu murus a Bangladesh. Abin da za mu gani a zaben 7 ga watan Junairun nan shi ne zaben karya mai cike da magudi," Abdul Moyeen Khan, babban jagora a jam'iyyar BNP a hirarsa da BBC.

Ya nuna matukar damuwa kan yadda Sheikh Hasina ta kara karfi, da salon mulkin danniya cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Masu suka na disa ayar tambaya kan yadda kasashen waje sukai biris da lamarin, ba kuma tare da sun tuhumi gwamnati ba.

Sai dai gwamnati ta yi watsi da zarge-zargen da zargin ta na yi wa dimkradiyyar Bangladesh kisan mummuke.

"Ana auna ma'aunin zabe ne kan mizanin fitowar mutane da kada kuri'a. Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa da dama baya ga jam'iyyar BNP da suma za su shiga wannan zabe," In ji ministan shari'a Anisul Huq.

Bunkasar tattalin arziki

Tattalin arzikib Bangladesh karkashin mulkin Ms Hasina, ya samu bunkasa inda ta tashi daga kasa matalauciya a duniya, zuwa mai tagomashin tattalin arziki, inda a shekarar 2009 aka tabbatar da hakan.

A yanzu Bangladesh ta zama daya daga cikin wadanda tattalin arzikinsu ke bunkasa cikin sauri a yankin Asiya, inda ta dara makofciyarta wato India.

Kudaden shigar da kasar ke samu cikin shekaru goma sun karu, kamar yadda Bankin Duniya ya yi kiyasin sama da 'yan kasar miliyan 25 sun fita daga kangin talauci cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata.

Gwamnatin Mis Hasina ta yi amfani da kudaden da ake da su a kasa, da cin bashi da neman taimakon ayyukan ci gaba ta yi ayyukan ababen more rayuwa a Bangladesh, ciki har da dasa harsashin gina gadoji ciki har da Padma da ta dangana ga kogin Ganges. Ana sa ran wannan gadar kadai ta ci dala biliyan 1 da miliyan 23 da ake fatan za ta samar da kudaden shiga na sama da biliyan 1.

Sai dai tun bayan barkewar annobar cutar korona da abubuwan da suka biyo baya, sun sanya Bangladesh ta fara shiga wani yanayi na tsadar farashin kayayyaki, da ya kai sama da kashi 9 cikin 100 a watan Nuwambar 2023.

Asusun ajiyar kudaden waje na kasar ya zaizaye daga dala biliyan 48 a watan Agusta 2023, inda ayanzu ya koma dala biliyan 20, wanda ba zai ishi kasar ta fitar da kaya waje ba. Sannan bashin da ake bin ta na ketare ya rubanya tun shekarar 2016.

Masu suka na ganin ci gaban tattalin arzikin da aka yi nasara, ya janyowa dikradiyya da hakkin dan adam koma baya a kasar, sun kuma zargi gwamnatin Mis Hasina da daukar matakan da ke janyowa kasar koma baya, da murkushe 'yan adawa, da 'yan jarida da duk wanda ke sukar gwamnatinta.

A watan Agustan 2023 sama da kididdigar duniya 170 ciki har da na tsohon shugaban kasar Amirka Barack Obama, da mamallakin kamfanin Virgin Group Richard Branson da jagoran mawakan U2, Bono, sun rubata budaddiyar wasika ga Sheikh Hasina in da suka yi kiran ta dakatar da cin zarafi da gallazawar da ake yi wa dan fafutukar nan da ya samun kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya wato, Muhammad Yusus da ake tsare da shi.

A watannin da suka gabata ma an cafke shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta BNP, tare da dubban makarrabansa lokacin da aka yi zanga-zangar kin jinin gwamnati.

Daya daga cikin shugabannin jam'iyyar adawa ta BNP da ba akama shi ba, ya yi zargin an kama magoya bayan jam'iyyarsu 20,000 kan zargin da bai da tushe bare makama, ya yin da miliyoyin masu fafutuka su ma ake zarginsu da aikata ba daidai ba.

To amma gwamnatin Sheikh Hasina ta musanta zarge-zargen.

Har wa yau, kididdiga ta nuna an yi kamen mutane mai alaka da siyasa, da garkuwa da bacewar mutane da kashe-kashe da karuwar cin zarafin mutane karkashin mulkin Sheikh Hasina.

A shekarun 1980 ne Sheikh Hasina ta shiga cikin kawancen 'yan adawa, ciki har da babbar abokiyar hamayyarta Begum Khaleda Zia, inda suka shirya zanga-zangar goyon bayan dimukradiyya a lokacin mulkin Janaral Hussain Muhammed Ershad.

A matsayinta na 'yar wanda ya yi gwagwarmayar samar da kasar wato Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Ms Hasina ta zamo ta farko da aka zaba karkashin jam'iyyun hadaka ashekarar 1996. Sai kuma ta rasa damarta a shekarra 2001, inda jam'iyyar BNP da Khaleda Zia ke jagoranta ta yi nasara.

Ana bayyana matan biyu da ''abokan yaki''. Ana kiran matar da ta shahara da fice da suna Begum a musulunci.

Ya yin da ayanzu ake tsare da Begum Zia daurin talala, klan zargin cin hanci da rashawa, da kuma lalurar rashin lafiya da ta ke fama da ita, jam'iyyarta ta BNP ta samu koma baya a wannan zabe.

Kamen 'yan adawar Bangladesh bayan taho mu gama

Yawancin 'yan jam'iyyar adawa BNP, kamar Syed Mia, sun buya saboda gudun garkame su a gidan kaso. Matashin mai shekara 28 wanda muka sauya sunansa saboda dalilai na tsaro, ya shafe wata guda a gidan kaso tun watan Satumba kawai saboda ya shiga zanga-zanga.

A yanzu Mr Mia na rayuwa a cikin tanti tare da wasu 'yan jam'iyyarsa uku cikin wani surkukin daji. Dukkan mutanen hudu ana nemansu ruwa a jallo, kan zargin tada zaune tsaye lokacin zanga-zangar da suka gudanar.

Sama da wata guda kenan muke wasan buya da jami'an tsaro, ba nan ne wuri na farko da muka fara zama ba, haka mu ke sauya wuri lokaci zuwa lokaci. Kuma abin da ake tuhumar mu da aikata ba shi da tushe bare makama, makarkashiyar siyasa ce kawai," inji Mr Mia a wata hira da BBC.

Wani batu da ke dagawa kasahsen waje da kungogiyoyi shi ne karuwar take hakkin dan adam a Bangladesh.

Halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu ya munana, ana ta cafke dubban 'yan adawa, da ma'aikatan jam'iyyu musamman masu zanga-zangar kin jinin gwamnati ko tabbatar da dimukradiyya da ma'aikatan da ke neman karin albashi," inji Rory Mungoven, babbar jami'a a ofishin kare hakkin dan adam na yankin Pacific karkashin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai shalkwata a Geneva.

Wasu manyan jami'ai na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun nuna damuwa tun a watan Nuwambar bara. "Akwai karuwar amfani da fannin shari'a amatsayin makamin yakar masu fafutuka da 'yan siyasa da 'yan jarida da masu rajin kare hakkin dan adam, wannan abin damuwa ne matuka," inji su.

Sai dai ministan shari'ar Bangladesh Huq ya ce gwamnati babu hannunta a wannan fannin kuma ba ta tsoma baki kan fannin shari'a: "Fannin shari'a mai cin gashin kai ne, babu wanda ke iko da shi a kasar nan."

Yawan kashe-kashen ya ragu a shekarar 2021, a lokacin da Amirka ta sanyawa rundunar sojin Rapid Action Battalion, takunkumi, ciki har da manyansu da ke aiki a yanzu da wasu bakwai da sukai murabus.

Sai dai takaita takunkumin da Amirka ta yi bai yi tasirin azo a gani ba kan halin take hakkin dan adam da ake fama da shi a Bangladesh. Wannan ne dalilin da ya sa 'yan siyasa ke kiran daukar tsauraran matakan takunkumai daga kasashen yammacin duniya.

Huldar diflomasiyya

"Kamata ya yi kungiyar tarayyar turai ta tuhumi Bangladesh kan rikon sakainar kashin da ake yi wa dimukradiyya. Ya kamata a duba yiwuwar dawo da harajin shigar da kayan da Bangladesh ke shigar da su wasu kassashen, ta haka ne za ta ji a jikinta"inji Karen Melchior,mamba a majalisar tarayyar turai.

Bangladesh ce kasa ta biyu a duniya da ta saka tufafi, China ce kadai ta sha gabanta. A bara kadai ta fitar da tufafin da suka kai darajar sama da dala biliyan 45, yawancinsu kasashen Turai za a kai da Amirka.

Abin da kowa ke tambaya shi ne me ya sa kasashen yammacin duniya, da suke da karfin tattalin arziki, suka bar Sheikh Hasina ta ke cin karen ta babu babbaka, da ba ta kariya alhalin ta na yi wa Dimukradiyya kisan mummuke.

Makofciyar Bangladesh wato India, wadda ke adawa da dukkan matakan da kasar ke dauka, a yanzu Delhi da ke neman hanyoyi da safarar kayayyaki ta ruwa dole sai ta yi amfani da wani bangare na Bangladesh kafin isa jihohin ta kusan bakwai.

Ita ma India ta damu matuka kan wani yanki mai nisan kilomita 20 da ya ratsa tsakanin Nepal da Bangladesh da kuma Bhutan, da ta hada arewa maso gabashin jihohin India. Jami'ai a Delhi na fargabar abin da ka je ya zo, musamman idan rikici ya hado su da abikiyar hamayyarsu China.

Jim kadan bayan hawa karagar mulki a shekarar 2009, firai minista Sheikh Hasina ta janyo ra'ayin Delhi inda ta zama 'yar gaban goshi, bayan matakin da ta dauka kan rikicin kabilancin da masu tada kayar baya suka haddasa a kuda maso gabashin kasar da ya dangana ga iyakar Bangladesh.

Sai dai ana fargabar duk wani rashin jituwa da zai faru, zai sanya Bangladesh ta kusanci China, wadda daman da jimawa Beijing na son ganin ta shiga Bangladesh a kokarin da ta ke yi na fadada karfinta a kasashen yankin.

A yanzu dai a iya cewa, hanyar da Sheikh Hasina ke kai babu gargada wajen ci gaba da zama daram a karagar mulki. Sai dai manyan kalubalen da ke gaban gwamnatinta, ka iya bayyana nan ba da jimawa ba daga inda ba ai tsammani ba.

A bangare guda kuma Dhaka ta roki agajin Asusun bada lamuni na duniya IFM, bashin fam biliyan 4 da miliyan 700, domin shako kan matsalolin da ta ke fama da su. Watakil gwamnati ta dauki tsauraran matakai na tsuke aljihu, bayan zaben domin bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasar.

Duk da masu adawa da ita ba za su tsaya takarar da ita ba, sai dai bayanan da ke fitowa na nuna matakan tsuke bakin aljihun da Mis Hasina da gwamnatinta za su dauka su ne kalubale na farko da jam'iyyarsu ta Awami League za su fsukanta.