Yadda masu iƙirarin jihadi ke neman mayar da arewa maso yammacin Najeriya cibiyarsu

An daɗe ana samun rahotonnin mayaƙa masu iƙirarin jihadi na ƙoƙarin kafa sansanoninsu a yankin arewa maso yammacin Najeriya.

Sai dai lamarin ya ƙara ƙamari a 'yan watannin nan, inda aka fara samun rahotonnin ƙawayen al-Qaeda a yankin Sahel na samun gindin zama a kusa da iyakokin Najeriya da Benin, sai kuma ga Lakurawa da ke kaiwa da komowa a jihohin Sokoto da Kebbi.

Ayyukan masu iƙirarin jihadi a arewacin Najeriya na da rassa daban-daban saboda yadda ƙungiyoyi iri-iri ke alaƙanta kan su da al-Qaeda da IS da Boko Haram.

Akwai kuma ƙawance mai sarƙaƙiya tsakanin wasu gungun 'yanfashin daji a yankin da kuma masu iƙirarin jihadi, inda a wasu lokuta ke yaƙar juna, wani zubin kuma haɗa hannu wajen kai hare-hare.

Aƙidu iri-iri

Yayin da manyan ƙungiyoyin jihadi kamar IS da al-Qaeda masu iko a fadin Afirka ta Yamma ke da kafofin yaɗa labarai na yaɗa farfagandarsu, ƙananan ƙungiyoyin da ke aiki a arewacin Najeriya ba su da wannan ƙwarewar.

Akasarin kafofin yaɗa labarai na Ansaru masu alaƙa da al-Qaeda ba su aiki tun 2022.

Sauran ƙungiyoyin ba su cika bayyana abubuwansu ba sama da yin wa'azi kawai ga al'ummar yankunan da suke, abin da ke jawo rashin sani game da ainahin ƙungiyar da suke mara wa baya.

Al-Qaeda a Najeriya?

Ƙungiyar Jamaat Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) mai biyayya ga al-Qaeda, 'yanjarida da masu amfani da shafukan sada zumunta na ganin ita ce ke da alhakin kai wa sojojin Najeriya hari a jihar Kwara ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba, wanda ya kashe soja ɗaya.

Wani bidiyo da aka wallafa a shafukan zumunta kuma aka alaƙanta shi da JNIM, ya nuna cewa an kai harin ne a kusa da garin Kaiama.

Sai dai kuma, JNIM wadda ta fi motsi a Mali, da Burkina Faso, da Nijar, da Togo, da Benin - ba ta ɗauki alhakin kai harin ba a shafukanta.

Rashin ɗaukar alhaki a hukumance na jawo ruɗani wajen tabbatar da takamaiman ayyukan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi da JNIM.

A watan Yulin 2025, wani bidiyo da ya karaɗe shafukan sada zumunta ya nuna mayaƙan JNIM a Najeriya. Masu sharhi na ganin an ɗauki bidiyon ne a kudancin jihar Neja a yankin da ke maƙwabtaka da ƙasar Benin.

Ansaru ƙawar Al-Qaeda

Ƙungiyar Ansaru ta ɓalle ne daga Boko Haram a shekarar 2012 kuma ta ci gaba da ayyuka a arewacin Najeriya tsawon shekaru. An lura cewa ƙungiyar ta fi mayar da hankali kan dajin jihar Zamfara mai maƙwabtaka da jihohin Neja da Kaduna, musamman Birnin Gwari na jihar ta Kaduna.

Bayan shafe ɗan lokaci ba a jin ɗuriyarta, Ansaru ta ci gaba da fitar da bayanai da farfaganda a ƙarshen 2021, kuma a karon farko ta tabbatar da biyayyarta ga al-Qaeda.

Sauran iƙirarin da ta dinga yi a 2022 game da yadda ta dinga fafatawa da 'yanfashin daji, ta nuna yadda take kare mazauna ƙauyuka da kuma nuna ayyukan a shafukan zumunta.

Amma bayan ƙaruwar ayyuka a 2022, farfagandar Ansaru ta sake yin ƙasa, babu mamaki saboda kashin da ta sha a hannun wasu 'yanfashin daji masu adawa da su.

Sai kuma a watan Agustan 2025 hukumomi a Najeriya suka sanar da kama wasu manyan jagoroin ƙungiyar biyu.

Sansanin soja na Kainji

Wurin shaƙatawa na Kainji National Park da ke Borgu mai iyaka da Benin ya shahara kan ayyukan masu iƙirarin jihadi.

Wani tsohon jami'in tattara bayanan sirri na Najeriya ya yi gargaɗi a farkon 2025 cewa yankin na da muhimmanci sosai: "Madatsar ruwa ta Kainji ce tashar lantarki ta ruwa mafi girma a Najeriya - idan aka lalata ta zai shafi lantarkin ƙasar baki ɗaya, ta girgiza masana'antu, da sauran ayyuka."

Wata ƙungiya da ke zaune a Kainji mai suna Mahmuda - wadda wasu kan ce na da alaƙa da JNIM da Ansaru - ta sha kai hare-hare a yankin tsawon shekaru, ciki har da na watan Agustan 2025 lokacin da aka zargi mayaƙanta kusan 200 da kai hari a jihar Kwara wanda ya kori dubban mutane daga gidajensu.

Wani hari da aka kai kan gidan yari na Wawa da ke ƙaramar hukumar Borgu a watan Oktoban 2022 ne ya fara fito da yankin Kainji fili, wanda aka ɗaure mayaƙa masu iƙirarin jihadi da dama.

Harin ya faru ne jim kaɗan bayan kai wa gidan yari na Kuje hari da ke Abuja, wanda IS ta ɗauki alhaki, kodayake akwai tunanin cewa wasu mayaƙa daga Nijar sun sa hannu a harin.

Yiwuwar shigowar IS

Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya na tsakanin yankunan rassan ƙungiyar Islamic State wato IS: reshenta na Sahel da ya ƙunshi Nijar, Burkina Faso, Mali, da kuma reshenta na ƙungiyar Iswap da ke ayyuka a jihar Borno.

Wannan ta sa ake fargabar faɗaɗa ayyukan waɗannan ƙungioyi biyu zai iya zamar wa arewa maso yammacin Najeriya tarko.

A 2022 da 2023, Iswap ta yi iƙirarin kai hare-hare masu yawa a jihohin Najeriya tare da alfaharin faɗaɗa ikonta. Jihohin sun haɗa da Kaduna, Neja, Kano, Taraba, Gombe, Bauchi, Jigawa, da kuma kusa da Abuja.

Yiwuwar alaƙa tsakanin Lakurawa da IS

Mayaƙan da ake kira da Lakurawa sun fara shahara ne a watan Nuwanban 2024 bayan wasu hare-hare a Sokoto da Kebbi.

An ce mayaƙan sun fito ne daga Nijar da Mali kuma sun daɗe a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya, inda mazauna yankunan suka ɗauke su aikin kare su daga 'yanfashin daji.

Duk da cewa an san su da tsaurin kishin Musulunci, har yanzu ba a san su da yin biyayya ga wata takamaimiyar ƙungiya ba.

A watan Mayun 2025, mai sharhi kan harkokin masu iƙirarin jihadi Zagazola Makama ya yi iƙirarin cewa IS a Sahel ta "amince a hukumance" da Lakurawa a matsayin abokan aikinta.

Wasu masu bincike na tunanin cewa harin IS Sahel a yankin Dosso na Nijar hujja ce game da wannan alaƙar.

Hada-hadar Boko Haram

Duk da kasancewarta a arewa maso gabas, Boko Haram ta so ta samu gindin zama a arewa maso yamma, ciki har da wani bidiyo na 2020 da ta yi wa mayaƙan da ke yankin jawabi.

Wasu mayaƙan da aka kora saboda rikicin cikin gida a 2021 sun koma arewa maso yamma, a cewar hukumomin Najeriya. Akwai 'yan Boko Haram da yawa a cikinsu.

Ana kallon ƙaramar hukumar Shiroro a matsayin cibiyar mayaƙan jihadi. A 2021, wani mutum da ake kira Mallam Sadiqu da kafofin yaɗa labarai ke cewa kwamandan Boko Haram ne, an ce shi ne ke ɗaukar 'yanbindigar da suka gudo daga arewa maso gabas.

An ce gungun Sadiqu ne ke iko da yankuna da dama a Shiroro, inda suke cire yara mata daga makarantu suna aurar da su, da kuma fafatawa da dakarun gwamnati.

Fashi da jihadi

Wani ƙalubale da masu iƙirarin jihadi ke fuskanta a arewa maso yamma shi ne yadda 'yanfashin daji suka mamaye yankin. Sukan ɗauki makamai ne da zimmar kare yankunan da suka tsara a matsayin waɗanda suke iko da su.

Sauran ƙalubalen sun ƙunshi al'adu, da harshe waɗanda suka sha bamban da na mafi yawan masu iƙirarin jihadin.

Duk da cewa ana ganin 'yanbindigar arewa maso yamma na kai hare-hare ne kawai saboda samun kuɗi, akwai rahotonnin da ke cewa suna haɗa kai da masu jihadi, ko kuma bin salonsu wajen gudanar da ayyuka.

Misali, 'yanjarida da malaman jami'a sun alaƙanta Dogo Gide da ƙungiyar Ansaru. An bayar da misali da wani bidiyo da Dogo Gide ya fitar a watan Agustan 2023 inda yake cewa shi ne ya harbo wani jigrin helikwafta a yankin Shiroro. Kayan da ya sanya da kuma kalaman da ya dinga yi sun fi kama da na masu iƙirarin jihadi.

Kazalika, rahotonni da ma hukumomi sun ce harin jirgin ƙasa na watan Maris ɗin 2022 a Kaduna aikin hadin gwiwa ne tsakanin 'yanfashi da masu jihadi.

Lamarin yana ƙara jefa mutane cikin ruɗani saboda yadda jami'an tsaron Najeriya ke kiran duka 'yanfashi da masu iƙirarin jihadi a matsayin "'yanta'adda", ko kuma 'yan Boko Haram ba tare da fayyace ƙungiyoyin da suke mara wa baya ba.

Labari daga sashen BBC Monitoring.