Yaƙi na gab da sake ɓarkewa a Sudan ta Kudu: Abin da ya kamata ku sani

Ƙaruwar tashin hankali da ake fuskanta a Sudan ta Kudu, wanda da ya yi sanadanin kama mataimakin shugaban ƙasar, Riek Machar ya haifar da fargabar ɓarkewar yaƙin basasa a ƙasar da ba ta jima da samun ƴancin kai ba.

Jam'iyyar mataimakin shugaban ƙasar, ''Sudan People's Liberation Movement In Opposition'' (SPLM/IO) ta bayyana cewa ci gaba da tsare shin ake yi ''tamkar kawo ƙarshen'' yarjejeniyar zaman lafiyar 2018 mai tangal-tangal ne.

Sudan ta Kudu ta samu ƴancin kai a 2011 bayan gwagwarmayar gomman shekaru da ƙungiyar Sudan People's Liberation Movement In Opposition (SPLM) ta jagoranta, wadda a yanzu ke ƙarƙashin shugaba Salva Kiir ta jagoranta.

Shekara biyu bayan samun ƴancin kai, mummunan yaƙin basasa ya ɓarke a ƙasar, bayan da Shugaba Kiir ya kori Mista Machar, bayan da ya zarge shi da shirya masa juyin mulki.

Yakin - wanda aka kwashe shekara biyar ana gwabzawa tsakanin ƙabilun da ke goyon bayan jagororin biyu - ya haddasa mutuwar kimanin mutum 400,000 tare da raba mutum miliyan 2.5 da muhallansu.

Me ke faruwa a yanzu?

A watan Maris ɗin da ya gabata ne wani sabon rikici ya ɓarke a ƙasar lokacin da masu tayar da ƙayar baya, na ƙungiyar 'White Army militia' wanda ake alaƙantawa da mataimakin shugaban ƙasar, suka yi arangama da sojojin gwamnati a jihar Upper Nile.

Mayaƙan sun buɗe wa jirgin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai saukar ungulu da ya yi yunƙurin ƙwashe sojojin, lamarin da ya haddasa mutuwar wasu sojojin ciki har da wasu manyan hafsoshin sojin ƙasar.

Bayan harin ne aka kama mataimakin shugaban ƙasar da wasu daga cikin makusantansa, wani mataki da jam'iyyarsa ta yi gargaɗin cewa ''zai kawo ƙarshen yarjejeniyar zaman lafiyar da aka cimma a 2018.

"Batun zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a Sudan ta Kudu na cikin ruɗani,'' a cewar mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar SPLM/IO, Oyet Nathaniel Pierino

Me ya shiga tsakanin Machar da Kiir?

Yayin da Shugaba Kiir da mataimakin nasa Mista Machar suka taɓa kasancewa mambobin ƙungiyar SPLM da ta yi gwagwarmayar ƙwatar ƴanci, dama sun jima da taƙun saka tsakaninsu.

Hakan kuwa ya faru ne sakamakon bambancin ƙabila - Shugaba Kiir ɗan ƙabilar Dinka ne, yayin da Mista Machar ya kasance ɗan ƙabilar Nuer - waɗanda dukansu ke da burin shugabanci.

A lokacin da shugaba Kiir ya kori Mista Machar a 2013, abin da ya haifar da yaƙin basasar, Mista Machar ya ayyana kansa a matsayin ''mai kama karya''.

Wani abu da ya ƙara haifar da yamutsi tsakanin jagororin biyu shi ne ci gaba da ɗage zaɓukan ƙasar.

Sau huɗu ana ɗage zaɓen shugaban ƙasar, lamarin da ya sa Mista Machar ya kasa cimma burinsa na shugabancin ƙasar.

Wane ne Riek Machar?

Riek Machar ya kasance matimakin shugaban ƙasar Sudan ta Kudu tun 2011 duk da a wasu lokuta ana dakatar da shi.

Yana da digiri na uku daga Jami'ar Bradford sannan ya shiga ƙungiyar SPLM a lokacin gwagwarmayar neman ƴanci.

A baya shugaba Kiir ya bayyana shi da mai ''mummunan fata''.

Korarsa daga muƙamin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa a 2013 kan zargin shirya juyin mulki, zargin da ya musanta ya haifar da mummunan yaƙin basasa a ƙasar.

Wane ne Salva Kiir?

Salva Kiir ya kasance shugaban Sudan ta Kudu tun lokacin da ƙasar ta samu ƴanci a 2011.

Kiir - wanda ya y fice da sanya hularsa mai malafa - ya shiga tawaye a Sudan ta Kudu tun shekarun 1960, kuma da shi aka kafa ƙungiyar SPLM.

Ya zama shugaban tafiyar a 2005 bayan mutuwar John Garang.

A baya wata cibiyar nazari ta Amurka ta zargi Kiir da Machar da amfana da rikicin ƙasar, zargin da gwamnati ta musanta.

Wane mataki rikicin ƙasar ya kai?

Nicholas Haysom, jakadan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ƙasar, yayin gargaɗin cewa ƙasar na ''kan hanyar komawa mummunan yaƙin basasa, wanda zai iya wargaza ƙasar - wadda ke ƙoƙarin sake gina kanta daga na baya da ta fuskanta.

Akwai fargabar cewa komawa yaƙi a ƙasar, zai haifar da ''yaƙin da za a samu hannun wasu ƙasashe a ciki.''

"Akwai ƙungiyoyin adawa masu ɗauke da makamai, waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da babbar ƙungiyar adawa da kuma gwamnati, wannan zai iya ƙara rura wutar rikicin adawa da shugaban ƙasar,'' a cewar Daniel Akech, wani babban mai sharhi kan ƙungiyoyin tawaye.

"Haka kuma ƙungiyoyin adawa a ƙasar Sudan mai makwabtaka, wadanda ke da alaƙa da Juba na kai hare-hare a kusa da kan iyaka, wanda kuma wani ƙarin fitina ne. Sudan ta Kudu cike take da ƙungiyoyin masu ɗauke da makamai, waɗanda ke barazanar fara kai hare-hare kan sojoji''.

Me aka yi don kwantar da rikicin?

Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta bayyana aikewa da tawaga zuwa birnin Juba domin ''yayyafa wa ƙurar ruwa'', tare da kiran tattaunawa tsakanin jagoroin byu.

Ƙasashe da dama, ciki har da Birtaniya da Amurka da kuma Jamus suka yi kiran hadin gwiwa kan Shugaban Kiir ya janye ɗaurin talalar da yake yi wa mataimakin nasa tare da kiran tsagaita wuta tsakanin ƙungiyoyin masu ɗauke da makamai.