Yadda Burkina Faso ta koma cibiyar masu iƙirarin jihadi a yankin Sahel

A kwanan nan yawaitar ayyukan masu iƙirarin jihadi a Burkina Faso sun kai wani matsayin da a baya ba yi zaton zai kai haka ba.

Ƙungiyar Al-Qaeda-mai alaƙa da Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) ta yi iƙirarin ƙaddamar da hare-hare fiye da 240 a tsakanin watannin Janairu da Mayun 2025. Wannan ya riɓanya waɗanda suka ƙaddamar a shekarar 2024 da ta gabata.

Hare-haren ƙungiyar ta JNIM na nuna irin girman da ta ke da shi a yanzu, da kuma irin yadda ta ke ƙara ƙarfi, yayin da kuma aka lura da irin bidiyoyin da suke fitarwa na nuna ci gaban da suke samu ta amfani da fasahar zamani wajen isar da manufofinsu ga jama'a.

A daida lokacin da ƙasar ta Burkina Faso ke fama da munanan farmakin ƙungiyar ta JNIM, sai ga shi kuma cibiyar masu iƙirarin jihadin na ci gaba da nausawa zuwa kudancin ƙasar. Maƙwabciyar ƙasara wato Benin ita ma tuni ta fuskancin jerin hare-hare har 100 tun daga farkon wannan shekara. A bara JNIM ta kai hare-hare 23 a ƙasar.

Haka kuma a yankin arewa maso yammacin Mali da yammacin Jamhuriyar Nijar, akwai alamun da ke nuna cewa ƙungiyar IS mai sansaninta a yankin na Sahel na ci gaba da sake haɗewa bayan ta ɗauki ɗan lokaci daga ƙarshen 2024 zuwa farkon 2025 ba tare da zafafa hare-harenta ba.

A lokacin da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi masu ɗauke da makamai ke cikin shiri, su kuma ƙasashen Burkina Faso da Mali da Nijar - da ke ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar da aka fi sani da (AES) - na ƙoƙarin ganin sun yƙi matsalolin tsaron da ke addabar su tare da taimakon ƙasar Rasha.

Haka kuma, irin saƙon da ƙungiyar ta JNIM ta fitar ya nuna babu shakka ƙungiyoyin na wani yunƙuri ne na sake haɗewa domin ci gaba da ƙaddamar da hare-hare musamman da za su iya kai ga babban biranen Mali da Burkina Faso.

Hare-haren JNIM na canza salo a Burkina Faso

Shekaru biyu da suka gabata zuwa yanzu an ga yadda ayyukan JNIM ke ƙaruwa a Burkina Faso. A yanzu yakunan arewa maso yammacin ƙasar nan ne wuraren da masu tsattsauran ra'ayin suka fi addaba. Yankunan yamma maso kudancin Burkina Faso kuma da a baya ƙungiyoyin ba su matsawa ba a yanzu sun zama na gaba-gaba.

Sassan tsakiyar ƙasar Mali musamman Mopti da Koulikoro na ci gaba da fuskantar yawaitar farmakin JNIM, inda galibi sukan kashe mutane da dama.

A ɗaya daga cikin manyan hare-haren da ta kai kwanan nan, ƙungiyar ta yi iƙirarin kashe sojoji 40 a munanan hare-hare 23 da ta kai a watan Mayu a tsakiyar yankin Mopti, inda hare-hare da ake kai wa a Burkina Faso yanzu sun riɓanya a cikin shekara ɗaya.

A hare-haren da aka kai a farkon shekarar 2025 a Burkina Faso, ƙungiyar ta ce ita ce da alhakin kai fiye da guda 240 a ƙasar, abinda ke nuna yawaitar hare-haren na kusa da cimma na shekarar 2024 (302).

Yankunan da abin ya fi muni su ne Boucle du Mouhoun da yankin Gabas, inda JNIM ta ƙaddamar da farmaki har 44 da kuma wasu 39 a tare, waɗanda aka soma fuskanta daga farkon 2025.

Hare-haren Boucle du Mouhoun, na ƙaruwa cikin sauri, sai dai ba su cika zama masu muni kamar na yankin gabashin ƙasar ba. Tun dai a farkon wannan shekara, Yankunan gabashi da yammacin ƙasar ne suka fi faɗawa hannun masu tsattauran ra'ayin, inda adadin waɗanda suka jikkata a dalilin waɗannan hare-hare ya kai 190.

JNIM ta sha tabbatar da cewa kai manyan hare-haren watannin Maris da Mayu wanda a kowane ƙungiyar ta yi iƙirarin kashe sojoji 100 ko ma fiye; hare-hare biyu a Diapaga da ke yankin gabas, da ɗaya a garin Djibo da ke yankin arewa, wanda sun ma kashe sojoji 200 a hari na barikin garin Diapaga.

Harin watan Maris a yankin Burkinabe da aka kai a barikin sojoji na Diapaga, a yankin Gabashin ƙasarkuma, JNIM ta ce ta kashe sojoji 200 a wani hari.

Saƙonnin ƙungiyoyin ga gwamnatocin Burkina Faso da Mali

Bayan harin watan Mayu a garin na Djiboa, jagoran JNIM ya fito fili a wani bidiyo ba tare da rufe fuskarsa ba yana shawartar fararen hula da bar garin daomin "tsaron lafiyarsu". Ya gargaɗi dakarun sojojin Burkina Faso cewa su jira ganin munanan hare-hare.

Wasu hotunan da suka karaɗe shafukan sada zumunta, sun nuna mayaƙan JNIM a kusa da wani shataletale da aka gina domin bikin samar da ƙungiyar ƙasashen AES da ke yankin da suka kama.

Bayan wata ɗaya wani shugaban JNIM ya bayyana a gaban kyamara yana wannan barazana ga gwamnatin tare da yin gargaɗin ƙaddamar da "kisan gilla" da ke nuna alamun suna so far wa ƙabilar Fulani ne. Sheikh Mujahid Abu Mahmoud al-Ansari, ana yi masa kallon shi ne ya gaji Jafar Dicko, da ke nuna harin ƙungiyar na wata Maris a Diapaga na matsayin na "ramuwa" ga "kisan gillar" .

A duka bidyon biyu, sun nuna wasu muhimman wuraren babban birnin ƙasar sun shiga hannunsu, duk da ana ganin hotunan bidiyon a matsayin na boge.

A kwanan nan ana yawan samun irin waɗannan saƙinnin bidiyo da shugabannin JNIM ke fitarwa, da ke nuna JNIM na ƙoƙarin aikewa da saƙonni ga gwamantocin AES - musamman na Mali da Burkina Faso.

Kodayake, an ɗan samu raguwar hare-haren JNIM a manyan biranen Bamako da Ouagadougou. A watan Mayu ƙungiyar ta yi iƙirarin kai hari a wani wurin bincike ababen hawa a garin Koulikoro da ya da nisa da babban birnin ƙasar Mali.

Shin IS na sabunta ayukanta a yankin Sahel?

Bayan samun ƙarancin hare-hare daga watan Agustan 2024 zuwa Afirilun 2025, IS mai sansani a yankin Sahel ta bayyana ci gaba da ayukanta a wannan wata na Mayu.

A wannan watan kaɗai reshen ƙungiyar ya yi iƙirarin kai hari 11 - fiye da na watan Janairu zuwa Afirilu. Da dama daga waɗannan hare-hare sun yi muni musamman wanda aka kai wa sojojin Jamhuriyar Nijar.

IS ta nuna hare-haren baya-bayan nan a wani sharhi da ta ke wallafawa a jaridarta mai suna al-Naba, inda suka yi bayanin wasu farmaki 12 da da suka kai da suka jikkata mutum 110.

Wannan yawaitar hare-haren da ta zo a kwatsam ɗan lokaci da kafar watsa labaran Mali ta yi gargaɗin cewa IS da ke yankin Sahel na sace haɗewa domin kai sabbin hare-hare.

A cewar kafar Le Soir de Bamako mai zaman kanta, a watan Maris IS ɗin ta tilastawa jama'a mazauna yankin Menaka da arewa maso gabashin ƙasar, cewa su biya dubban daloli domin taimakawa "ƙoƙarin" da ta ke yi yaƙin tare da shiri ɗaukar sabbin ayaƙa.

Abin da ke nuna cewa mayaƙan IS na tattaruwa a yankin arewa maso gabashin Mali da yammacin Nijar, haan na faruwa 'yan watanni da ƙungiyar ta wallafa hotunan bidiyo da ba a cika gani ba, a watan Feburairu inda ta caccaki membobinta inda ta mayar da hankali musaman ga ƙabilar Buzaye 'yan tawaye da Jamaat Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM).

Rikici tsakani tsakanin IS da JNIM abu ne da aka taɓa yawan samun sa, da ya soma tun a wuraren ƙarshen 2022 zuwa 2023, musamman akan kokawa da ƙarfin ikon wasu yankuna a yankin Menaka da ke gabashin Mali.

A yanzu dai hakan ya ragu saboda irin matakan da su ke dauka na ƙoƙarin haɗawa.

A watan Mayu IS ta yi iƙirarin ka harinta na farko a yankin Dosso na Jamhuriyar Nijar, inda ta ce ta kashe sojoji 16.

Hakan ya jawo yabo daga magoya bayan ƙungiyar da ke nuna samun haɗin kai tsakaninsu, inda wata fitacciyar tashar talabijin mai watsa manufofin IS na bayyana cewa yammacin Najeriya ne wuri na gaba da za su kai wa hare-hare. Akwai dai raɗe-raɗin cewa ayukan ƙunigar a waɗannan yankunan na da nuna alaƙarsu da ƙungiyar Lakurawa, wadda ke da sansanoni a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya da maƙwabciyarta Jamhuriyar Nijar.