Hare-haren ƴanbindiga a Sahel sun jefa shugabannin soji cikin zulumi

Tutar ƙungiyar al-Qa'ida na kaɗawa a filin jirgin sama bayan wasu 'yanbindiga sun jefa tsimma mai ci da wuta a cikin injin jirgin sama, wasu kuma suka fantsama sashen alfarma na filin jirgin suna harbe-harbe lokacin da suka nufi wani jirgin hukumar ba da tallafi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNHAS).

Hotunan da aka dinga yaɗawa na maharn da suka kai farmaki ranar 17 ga watan Satumba kan filin jirgin sama na birnin Bamako da ke Mali, sun fito da matsalar tsaro fili a wurin da ya kamata a ce na cikin mafiya tsaro a yankin Afirka ta Yamma.

An kuma kai wa cibiyar horarwa ta jami'an tsaron gendarmerie hari da ke yankin Faladié. Mazauna yankin sun ɗauki bidiyon yadda hayaƙi ke tashi daidai lokacin da ake jin ƙarar tashin bamabamai da harbe-harbe.

Wani bidiyon 'yanbindigar da ya tayar da hankali kuma shi ne wanda aka ga mahara masu ƙananan shekaru na kintsa kansu kafin kai har-haren.

Sojojin da ke mulkin Mali ba su bayyana mutanen da aka kashe ba a harin, kawai dai an ce wasu jami'an tsaron sun rasa rayukansu. Amma da alama mutanen da suka mutu za su kai 80 zuwa 100 tare da raunata wasu 200 ko fiye.

Adadin ka iya ƙunsa ko akasin haka na maharan, kuma tuni dakarun gwamnati suka sake ƙwace iko da filin jirgin da ke Senou, da kuma barikin Faladie.

Waɗannan ba su ne hotunan farko na rikicin da ake fama da shi a Mali ba.

Ƙasar ta afka rikici ne tun daga 2011, lokacin da 'yan ƙabilar Abzinawa masu neman ɓallewa suka haɗa kai da masu iƙirarin jihadi kuma suka ƙwace iko da binrin Timbuktu, da Gao, da sauran garuruwan da ke arewacin ƙasar.

An sha kai wa birnin Bamako hare-hare a baya. A 2015, wani hari kan otel ɗin Radisson Blu ya yi sanadiyyar kashe mutum 20, sannan wasu biyar suka mutu a harbe-harben da aka yi a wani wurin cin abinci na unguwar Hippodrome.

A 2017, hari kan wurin yawon buɗe-ido da ke wajen birnin ya kashe aƙalla mutum huɗu.

A 2020, Kanar Assimi Goita, wani kwamandan yaƙi, ya jagoranci juyin mulki kan zaɓaɓɓiyar gwamnati saboda zarginta da gazawa wajen kawo ƙarshen matsalar tsaron.

Daga baya aka kafa gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya, amma a watan Mayun 2021 Kanar Goita ya sake jagorantar juyin mulkin, inda ya kafa kansa da abokan aikinsa a matsayin jagorori.

Amma duk da mayar da hankali kan taro - da kuma ɗaukar hayar dakarun haya na Rasha mai suna Wagner don taimaka wa sojojin ƙasar wanda ya jawo lalacewar alaƙa da Faransa da kuma korar dubban sojojin ƙasar daga Mali - masu mulkin yanzu ba su fi gwamnatin da suka gada ƙoƙari ba.

An fi fafata yaƙin a yankunan sahara da ke arewacin ƙasar, da kuma tsakiyar ƙasar, inda ake yawan samun rikici tsakanin manoma na ƙabilar Dogon da kuma makiyayan ƙabilar Peul (Fulani) game da ƙasa da kuma ruwan sha na kiwo.

Sai dai kuma a watan Yulin 2022 masu iƙirarin jihadi sun kai hare-hare biyu a kusa da garin da zimmar auka wa barikin soja na Kati da ke da nisan kilomita 15 kacal daga Bamako.

Sai dai dakarun gwamnati sun yi nasarar daƙile harin suna cewa 'yanbindiga biyu kawai aka kashe a harin. An alaƙanta harin da ƙungiyar Jamaat Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), wadda ita ce mafi girma a ƙasar mai alaƙa da al-Qa'ida.

'Yan makonni bayan nan kuma Faransa ta kammala kwashe sojojinta bayan gwamnatin sojin ta kore su. Daga nan kuma, sai suka nemi dakarun Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya su fice daga 14,000 su fita daga ƙasar.

Saboda haka, ko gwamnatin Goita za ta iya hofantar da harin da aka yaɗa wa duniya kamar yadda ta yi bayan harin Yulin 2022?

Yanayin tsaro a Afirka ta Yamma ya sa bamban da na 2022.

A yankin tsakiyar Sahel, ƙungiyar JNIM da sauran masu iƙirarin jihadi kamar Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS), na ci gaba da nausawa kudanci.

Gwamnatin soja ta Burkina Faso mai maƙwabtaka da ke ƙawance da Mali da Nijar a ƙawancen Alliance of Sahelian States (AES), ita ma ta rasa iko da yankuna da dama, musamman a yankunan karkara.

A Nijar ma, 'yanbindigar na ci gaba da kai hare-hare a yammaci, har ma da kusa da Yamai babban birnin ƙasar.

Bugu da ƙari, yanzu maharan kan nausa zuwa arewacin ƙasashen kuma kusa da Togo da Benin. A Ivory Coast, an daƙile su ne sakamakon ƙoƙarin sojin ƙasar da kuma ayyukan raya ƙasa da gwamnati ke yi.

Saboda haka yanayin tsaro a yankin yanzu ya tsananta sama da kowane lokaci a baya.

Sai dai lamarin ya ɗan sha bamban a Mali.

A shekarar da ta gabata dakarun gwamnati suka yi nasarar ƙwace garuruwan arewaci da ke hannun Abzinawa, waɗanda suka saka hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da gwamnatin farar hula a 2015 amma kuma sojojin suka soke.

Duk da cewa mayaƙan sun bai wa dakarun Mali da abokansu na Wagner wahala a Tinzaouaten da ke cikin rairayin Sahara, har yanzu gwanatin ce ke riƙe da ikon biranen yankin.

Wannan ƙoƙari na ƙwato wurare kamar Kidal ya farfaɗo da farin jinin gwamnatin a zukatan jama'ar Bamako.

Cikin abubuwan da suka faru bayan harin, mun ga yadda aka kama wasu mutane da zargin hannunsu, da kuma wani mutum aka ƙona da ransa a kan titi.

Akasari al'ummar Fulani mazauna ƙauyuka ne ke fuskantar hare-haren ramuwar gayya na rashin imani a ƙasar da take tsananin buƙatar zaman lafiya.

Paul Melly mai ba da shawara ne a sashen Africa Programme na cibiyar Chattam House da ke birnin Landan.