Rayuwar masu iƙirarin jihadi a Yammacin Afirka - Binciken BBC

Wani mutum daga Ghana ya faɗa wa BBC yadda masu iƙirarin jihadi suka yi awon gaba da shi a makwabtan ƙasar Burkina Faso, kafin su kai shi sansaninsu da ke cikin wani ƙungurmin daji inda kuma ya ga yadda suke rayuwa - ya ga wasu yara da yake kyautata zaton an koya musu yin kunar-bakin wake, da kuma hanyoyin karkashin ƙasa da suka tona domin zaman mafaka da kuma tankokinsu na yaƙi.

A zantawarsa da manema labarai karon farko tun bayan faruwar lamarin a 2019, mutumin - wanda muke kira da James domin ɓoye asalinsa - ya ce ranarsa ta farko a sansanin ya kasance cikin firgici bayan da ya ga dawowar mayaƙa masu iƙirarin jihadi da dama daga wani samame da suka kai, inda suka yi ta harbi a iska.

"Na ɗauka ranar zan mutu. Sai gumi nake ta yi," in ji James, ya ƙara da cewa ta kai sai da ya yi fitsari a wandonsa lokacin da wasu mayaƙa suka buge shi da bindiga - suka yi ta dariya.

James, wanda ɗan shekara 30 da ke bin wani addini, ya ce daga baya mayaƙan sun yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukarsa ya zama ɗaya daga cikinsu, inda suka faɗa masa daɗin mulki ta hanyar cewa zai iya zama kwamandan wata bataliya watarana.

"Kwamandan ya fitar da wani buhu. Buhun na ɗauke da makamai daban-daban, irinsu bindigar AK-47, M16 da kuma harsasai. Don haka ya tambaye ni wanne daga ciki zan iya sarrafawa, sai na faɗa masa cewa ban taɓa rike bindiga ba. Ya ce: 'Muna da manyan makamai, idan na ba ka bataliya ɗaya ka rike, babu wanda zai iya far maka'," in ji James.

Ya ce ya yi sa'a bayan da aka sake shi makonni biyu bayan da ya roke su, inda ya faɗa musu cewa yaronsa ba shi da lafiya a gida kuma ya yi wa kwamandan sansanin alkawarin cewa zai zama mai ɗaukar mutane su shiga aikinsu a Ghana - alkawarin da bai cika ba a cewarsa.

Wata hukuma da ke kamfe na wayar da kan matasa kada su shiga ƙungiyoyin masu iƙirarin jihadi a Ghana, ta faɗa wa BBC cewa tana da labarin abin da ya faru da James.

"Na same shi da nufin zuwa ya wayar da kan ɗaliban jami'a," in ji Mawuli Agbenu, darektan hukumar a Accra.

"Za mu samu hanyar tattaunawa da shi saboda ya zama jakada a tsakanin al'ummarsa," a cewar Mista Agbenu.

Ghana ta ga ƙaruwar tashin hankali da kuma yaɗuwar ayyukan masu iƙirarin jihadi, waɗanda suka hana zaman lafiya a Burkina Faso da kuma wasu ƙasashen yammacin Afrika.

Ƴan bindigar da suka yi garkuwa da James sun kasance ƴan ƙungiyar Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM). Ƙungiyar dake da alaƙa da al-Qaeda, wadda aka ƙaddamar a shekara ta 2017 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyoyin masu iƙirarin jihadi da dama a yankin.

A Burkina Faso, sun fi karfi a arewacin ƙasar, inda suke iko da yankuna da dama, sai dai sun kuma yaɗu zuwa kudanci, kusa da kan iyaka da Ghana mai nisan kilomita 550.

Sama da mutum 15,000 ne suka tsere daga Burkina Faso zuwa arewacin Ghana domin kauce wa rikici, a cewar ƙungiyoyin agaji.

Baya ga Burkina Faso, masu iƙirarin jihadin sun kuma samu karfi a ƙasashen Nijar da Mali, inda suka kai hare-hare Ivory Coast, Benin da Togo - waɗanda Faransa ta yi wa mulkin mallaka - abin da ke sanya fargabar cewa mayaƙan na yaɗuwa zuwa kudanci kusa da teku.

A watan Afrilu, wani babban jami'in Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya ce "cibiyar ayyukan ta'addanci ta tashi daga Gabas Ta Tsakiya zuwa Arewacin Afrika zarcewa sahara, musamman a yankin Sahel (wanda ya haɗa da Burkina Faso, Mali da kuma Nijar)".

Masu iƙirarin jihadi da ke da alaƙa da al-Qaeda da kuma ƙungiyar IS na kai hare-hare a yankin.

Wani jami'in tsaron Ghana da ke kan iyakar ƙasar da Burkina Faso, ya faɗa wa BBC cewa masu iƙirarin jihadin sukan tsallaka zuwa ƙasar domin sake shiri idan suka sha matsin lamba daga sojojin Burkina Faso - kuma sun sha amfani da ƙasar ta Ghana wajen shigo da makamai, abinci da kuma man fetur.

"Lamarin ba mai kyau bane ga ƙasar Ghana. Suna ɓoyewa cikin garuruwa kamar Pusiga. Mazauna garuruwa da ke kan iyaka na cikin damuwa saboda babu isashen tsaro," in ji shi.

Wani rahoto da cibiyar hulɗar ƙasashe ta Netherlands suka fitar a watan Yuli, ya ce "rashin kai hari cikin Ghana na nufin ƙungiyoyin ba sa son kawo cikas ga hanyoyin da suke amfani da su wajen shigo da kayayyaki da kuma tsoron takalar sojoji masu karfi".

Yawancin ƴan Ghana sun kasance mabiya addinin Kirista, sai dai al'ummar da ke kusa da kan iyaka da Burkina Faso Musulmai - kuma wasu sassan ƙasar sun sha fuskantar tashin hankali da ke alaƙa da kabilanci, abin da ke janyo fargabar cewa masu iƙirarin jihadin za su yi amfani da damar wajen kai hare-hare.

Cibiyar ta ƙasar Netherlands ta ce ƙungiyar JNIM ta yi yunkurin "ɗaukar mayaka" daga Ghana, musamman daga mabiya addinin Musulunci domin kai hare-hare.

JNIM ta yi iƙirarin cewa an mayar da su saniyar ware, sai dai ba ta samu nasarar a zo a gani ba saboda Fulanin da suke son ɗauka suna sane da irin tashin hankalin da ayyukan mayaƙan suka haddasa a yankin Sahel, kuma ba sa son haka ya faru a Ghana, in ji cibiyar.

Wani malamin addinin Musulunci a Burkina Faso, Amadou Koufa, yana cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar JNIM kuma shi ne na biyu mafi girman muƙami a ƙungiyar.

Ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan'adam sun zargi sojoji da tsangwamar ƴan kabilar Fulani, da kuma kaddamar da hare-hare kan kauyukansu da ke Burkina Faso.

A 2022, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta daga Faransa, mai suna Promediation, ta ce binciken da ta yi ya nuna cewa masu iƙirarin jihadi sun ɗauki sabbin mayaƙa tsakanin 200 zuwa 300 kuma yawancinsu matasa ne daga Ghana.

Duk da cewa wasu na aiki a ƙasashen da ayyukan ƴan ta-da-ƙayar baya ya addaba kamar Burkina Faso, an tura wasu kuma zuwa kauyukansu da ke arewacin Ghana domin "yaɗa aƙidarsu", in ji ƙungiyar.

Wannan zai saka masu iƙirarin na jihadi su samu karfi a yankuna da dama a arewacin ƙasar", kamar yadda ƙungiyar mai zaman kanta ta Faransa ta bayyana.

Tun 2022, Ghana na sahun gaba a ƙoƙarin kafa sabuwar rundunar soji mai dakaru 10,000 da ke samun goyon bayan ƙasashen yamma, don yaƙi da ƴan ta'dda.

Tamale - da ya kasance babban birni a arewacin Ghana - shi zai zama hedkwatar dakarun.

Sai dai, ba a buɗe hedkwatar ba kawo yanzu, kuma ba a san makomar kafa dakarun ba bayan da yankin ya rabe tsakanin masu goyon bayan ƙasashen yamma da kuma masu goyon bayan Rasha.

Burkina Faso - haɗe da Mali da Nijar - sun koma bayan Rasha. Ƙasashen uku sun haɗa kai wajen yaƙi da ƴan ta'dda, sun kuma dogara da taimakon da sojojin hayan Rasha ke ba su.

Ghana da wasu ƙasashe mambobin Ecowas har yanzu suna mubaya'a ga ƙasashen yamma.

Sojojin Ghana sun kafa wani sansani a arewacin ƙasar, sai dai sabon na'ura da aka kaddamar wadda za ta saka ido a kan iyaka ba ta fara aiki ba, kamar yadda wani jami'in tsaro da ya buƙaci a sakaya sunansa ya faɗa wa BBC.

Duk da haka, an tura ƙarin dakaru tun bayan da masu iƙirarin jihadi na ƙungiyar JNIM suka kai wasu hare-hare biyu, a karshen watan da ya gabata da kuma farkon wannan wata na Disamba, kan iyakar Ghana da Burkina Faso, a cewar jami'in.

Gwamnatin Ghana ba ta ce uffan ba ga buƙatar BBC na yin martani.

Sai dai, jakadanta a Burkina Faso, Boniface Gambila Adagbila, ya faɗa wa BBC cewa ƙasashen biyu na taimakon juna wajen yaƙi da mayaƙan, inda ya yi gargaɗin cewa idan suka ci karfin Burkina Faso, to Ghana ce za ta shiga matsala ta gaba".

Jam'iyyar NDC a Ghana - wadda ta samu nasara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasar da aka gudanar ranar 7 ga watan Disamba - ta yi alkawari lokacin yakin neman zaɓe cewa "za ta karfafa tsaron kan iyaka" da kuma "haɗin gwiwa da ƙasashe", har ma da inganta yanayin tattara bayanan sirri a ƙasar.

A watan Agustan 2023, Tarayyar Turai ta sanar da cewa za ta tallafawa Ghana da yuro miliyan 20 da motoci masu sulke 100 da kuma na'urorin saka ido irinsu jirage marasa matuki domin yaƙi da masu iƙirarin jihadi.

Fararen hula da masu gudun hijira na tsallake iyakar Ghana da Burkina Faso da kafa domin yin aiki da kasuwanci ko kuma kai ziyara wajen ƴan uwa duk da irin barazanar tsaro - kuma James ya ce yana ɗaya daga cikinsu. Yana kan babur ɗinsa yana tafiya zuwa Senegal lokacin da aka yi garkuwa da shi.

Bayan tafiyar kusan kwana ɗaya, ya ce ya gamu da masu iƙirarin jihadin ne a arewa maso yammacin Burkina Faso, bayan da ya kusa kai iyakar Mali.

Ɗaruruwan masu iƙirarin jihadi kan babura sun tare shi, inda suka tafi da shi zuwa sansaninsu da kuma yi masa tambayoyi har sai bayan da kwamandansu ya gamsu cewa shi ba ɗan leƙen asiri bane, in ji James.

Ya ƙara da cewa daga nan ne aka buɗe fuskarsa wanda aka rufe da bakin kyalle.

James ya ce ya ga ƴan ta'dda kusan 500 - yawanci matasa, ciki har da wani wanda ya ayyana kansa a matsayin likita - da ke zama a sansanin.

Sansanin da ke cikin ƙungurmin daji, na ɗauke da ɗakunan taɓo waɗanda aka rufe kansu, har da na'urorin bayar da hasken lantarki mai amfani da hasken rana, in ji shi.

Ya ƙara da cewa an raba sansanin zuwa gida uku - akwai na kwamandoji da iyalansu, mayaƙa masu karamin muƙamai da kuma na kauyawa da aka kama da sojoji.

James ya ce an ajiye shi da sansanin da ake aje kauyawa, amma ya samu kusanci ga mayaƙan a makonsa na biyu inda ya zama yana nuna sha'awar aikin da suke yi.

Sun zauna su biyar zuwa goma, suna kuma jin waƙoƙin Salif Keïta, mawakin ƙasar Mali da ya shahara, in ji James.

Sauran ƙungiyoyin masu iƙirarin jihadi sun haramta jin waƙa, inda suka ce hakan ya saɓa wa koyarwar addinin Musulunci.

James ya ce yayin da hankali ya kasance a kwace a sansanin, amma ƙungiyoyin masu iƙirarin jihadi na fita faɗa a-kai-a-kai, inda suke yin harbi a iska domin murnar nasara idan suka koma gida.

James ya ce ya gano cewa wannan harbin shi ne ya ji ranarsa ta farko da aka kama shi, kuma ya saba da jin haka.

Ya ƙara da cewa mayaƙan na ajiye tankokinsu na yaƙi a karkashin ƙasa domin tabbatar da cewa ba a lalata su ba idan aka kawo hari ta sama, yayin da ake barin ababen hawa kaɗan a waje saboda shirin ko-ta-kwana.

Ya ce ƴan ta'ddan sun kuma faɗa masa munanan ayyuka da suke yi - inda suka faɗa masa cewa suna kama mata idan suka kai hari kauyuka da kuma sayar da su tsakaninsu.

"Suna sayar da matan da suka kama. Wasu na sayar da matan aure. Ana yi wa wasu matan da suka nuna turjiya fyaɗen taron dangi," a cewar James duk da cewa bai ga sun aikata hakan ba zamansa a can.

James ya ce matan da ke sansanin sun haɗa da matan mayaƙan waɗanda ke yin aikace-aikace kamar girki da goge-goge, yayin da waɗanda aka kama kuma ke shiga karuwanci ko kuma tilasta musu zama mayaƙa.

Ya bayyana cewa ya ga mata suna rufe jikinsu inda suke ɓoye AK-47 cikin kayansu, suke tafi kai hare-hare kauyuka domin samo kayan baincin da za su ciyar da mutanen sansanin ko kuma su kai kasuwa su sayar a kauyukan da ke kusa da su.

James ya ce ya kuma ga ƙananan yara ciki har da ƴaƴan ƴan ta'addan ana koya masu yadda za su sarrafa makamai da abubuwan fashewa.

"Za ka ga ƙaramin yaro yana riƙe da bindiga yana gwada maka yadda zai kashe mutane idan ya hadu da su." cewar James.

Ya ce sau biyu yana ganin ana daukar yara hudu sai su dawo dauke da abubuwan fashewa a jikinsu.

Suna dora kaya saman abubuwan fashewar, sai su dauki robobin bara su bar camp din, in ji James.

Masu iƙirarin jihadin sun shaida wa James, cewa suna tura yara zuwa garuruwa ko sansanin sojoji da abubuwan fashewa, idan bam din ya tashi aka shiga hargitsi sia su kai samame a lokacin.

Ya ce masu iƙirarin jihadi uku sun shaida masa cewa,"sun saudakar da yaransu wajen kai harin ƙunar baƙin wake, indaake biyansu bayan kai harin", sai dai basu bayyana nawa ake biyansu ba.

Ya ce masu iƙirarin jihadin sun yi ƙoƙarin su ja hankalinshi ta hanyar yi masa wa'azi,"Sun ce duk ani abin da ya fito daga ƙasashen yamma ba alheri bane", sun riƙa nuna masa bidiyo na farfaganda duk dare ciki har da mamayar Amurka a Iraq da kuma hare-haren Isra'ila kan Falasdinawa.

A cewar James, Duk yawancin mayaƙan na magana da faransanci ne, mutum guda ne ke magana da Turanci, kuma ƙarin harshen Ghana ne, sai dai koda yaushe yana rufe fuskarshi saboda kada ya gan shi.

Wata alama da ke nuna cewa suna koyi da masu kishin Afrika, James ya ce wasu daga cikinsu na sanya sunayen wadanda suka kawo sauyi a Afirka, kamar irin su, Thomas Sankara na Burkina Faso da kuma Kwame Nkrumah na Ghana, ya ce kuma sun ce mashi ya kamata mutane su miƙe tsaye su ƙwaci kansu daga hannun mugayen shugabanni.

James ya ce masu iƙirarin jihadin na da ra'ayin cewa inda Sankara da Nkrumah sun yi tsawon rai da Afirka ta inganta, kuma da babu wani ɗan yankin da zai riƙa zuwa ƙasashen Yamma, sai dai su ne za su riƙa zuwa Afirka.

James wanda ba ya aiki, ya ce ƙarfin zuciya ne ya hana shi zama irinsu.

James ya ce wasu abokanansa ne muslimai uku da suka yi masa alƙwarin gabatar da shi ga wani malaminsu dake Senegal da zai yi masa addu'ar da za ta sauya masa rayuwa ta hanyar samun ci gaba, sai kawai masu iƙirarin jihadin suka kama shu suna tsaka da tafiya.

Ya ce an harɓe daga cikin abokanansa da yayi yunƙurin guduwa, yayin da shi da gudan abokin nashi aka tafi da su sansanin na masu iƙirarin jihadi.

James ya ce kwamandan ya ƙi bari a saki abokin na shi, inda ya ce yana fargabar za a tilasta shi shiga cikin ƙungiyar ko kuma a kashe shi.

"Kwamandan ya ce zai bar ni in tafi, idan har na yi mashi alƙawarin zani kawo mashi mayaƙa," In ji James.

Ya ƙara da cewa sun bashi kudin motar da za ta mayar da shi gida, sun kuma bashi lambar wayar da za su riƙa magana, sai dai bai taɓa gwada kiransu ba kuma ya canza layin wayarshi.

A cewar James, mayaƙan sun bashi wata laya, wanda ake ɗaurawa a ƙugu, da suka ce yana da wata baiwa ta daban.

Ya ce wasu da dama cikin masu iƙirarin jihadin ba su yadda da amfani da laya ba saboda sun ce hakan ya ci karo da koyarwar addinin Islama.

James ya nuna wa BBC layar wadda aka hada da gashin kaza, da fatar dabbobi da kuma ganye da aka rufe da fata.

Sun hada da wata wadda masu iƙirarin jihadin suka yi iƙirarin cewa za ta kare shi daga harbin bindiga.

James ya ce ba ya tunanin ƴan binidgar za su hana zaman lafiya a Ghana saboda nan suke zuwa su ɓoye idan sojojin Burkina Faso suka matsa masu da kai hare-hare.

Sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan ƙasashen da Faransa da Amurka ke da ƙarfi, saboda sun yi amannar cewa, ƙasashen biyu na amfani da Afirka ne wajen ci yar da ƙasashen su gaba, cewar James. Iƙirarin da ƙasashen suka musanta.

Wani mai sharhi kan lamurran tsaro a Ghana, Adib Saani ya nuna damuwarsa kan yadda ake samun ƙaruwar hare-haren masu iƙirarin jihadi, inda ya ce ba ya ganin matakin soji zai kao ƙarshensu.

Ya shaida wa BBC cewa "Ya kamata a yi tunanin yadda za akawo ƙarshen batutuwan da ke ƙara ta'azzara lamarin da suka shafi matsalolin yau da suke sa ake samun masu tsatsauran ra'ayi."

Hukumar wayar da kan al'umma ta Ghana na gudanar da gangamin wayar da kan al'umma a arewaci da kuma babban birnin ƙasar Acra domin wayar da kan al'umma kan hatsarin tsatsauran ra'ayi.

Mista Agbanu ma'aikacin hukumar ya shaida wa BBC cewa gangamin yana da mahimmanci saboda yan Ghana na cikin tsarin shiga ƙungiyar.

"Cin hanci da rashawa ya yi yawa a Ghana, ga kuma rashin ci gaba a ƙasar da rashin aikin yi tsakanin matasa, " in ji shi.

James wanda yanzu manomi ne, ya ce ya samu natsauwa tunda yana raye, saboda kwamandan ya shaida masa cewa sakin shi da za su yi wani abu n da ba su saba yi ba, saboda indai suka kama mutum, "sai dai gawar mutum ake kai wa gida ko kuma ba za asake yin ɗuriyarsa ba,"