Me ya sa masu iƙirarin kishin Afirka ke yaɗa ƙarya game da juyin mulki?

A cikin watan Mayu ne, Mafalda Marchioro ta ci karo da saƙonnin waya da sassafe, daga abokanta da ke wasu yankunan suna tambayarta suna cewa suna fatan ba abin da ya same ta a Abidan, babban birnin Ivory Coast.

Shafukan sada zumunta suka cika da saƙonnin da ke iƙirarin samun juyin mulki a ƙasar.

An riƙa yaɗa hotunan sojoji a kan titunan ƙasar. Baya da bidiyoyin da aka samu daga ƙirƙirariyar basira ta AI da suka samu miliyoyn makallata a shafin YouTube.

"Na yi matuƙar firgita da shiga damuwa, na yi tunanin wani mummunan abu ne ya faru," kam yadda ...............shaida wa BBC.

To amma iƙirarin da aka yaɗa ranar 19 ga watan Mayu ƙarya ce tsagoranta.

Waɗannan na daga cikin misalan ƙarairayin da aka yi ta yaɗawa game da juyin mulki a Yammacin Afirka, lamarin da ke ƙara haifar da fargaba a yankin da ya fuskancijuyin mulki a ƴan shekarun baya-bayan nan.

Ivory Coast, ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da ke magana da harsen Faransanci - wadda kuma take da alaƙa da ƙasashen Yamma - na dab da gudanar da zaɓen shugaban ƙasa.

Masana na ganin cewa hakan wata alama ta ƙaruwar yaɗa labaran ƙarya da nufin sukar yadda za a gudanar da zaɓen.

Saboda ana ganin shugaban ƙasar, Alassane Ouattarra - wanda zai iya neman wa'adi na huɗu - a matsayin abokin ƙasashen Yamma.

Masu sukar shugaban na zarginsa da haɗa kai da ƙasashen Yamma wajen cutar da nahiyar Afirka.

Ministan sadarwar, Ivory Coast Amadou Coulibaly ya shaida wa BBC cewa sun bi diddigin asalin samuwar labaran ƙarya ''daga ƙasashe maƙwabta ne'', kodayake bai yi ƙarin haske game da ƙasashen ba.

Ga dukkan alamu dai wannan jita-jita ta samo asali ne daga rashin jituwar da ke tsakanin Ivory Coast da Burkina Faso.

Inda masu amfani da shafukan sada zumunta a haniyar suka riƙa yayatawa.

Sun riƙa nuna adawa da ƙulla alaƙa da ƙasashen Yamma, inda suka riƙa nuna goyon bayansu ga Rasha, tare da haifar da tattauna batun a nahiyar, musamman a ƙasashe irin su Najeriya da Ghana da Kenya da kuma Afirka ta Kudu.

Fitattun masu amfani da shafukan sada zumunta sun kuma riƙa nuna yabo da wasu jagororin Afikra kamar shugaban mulkin sojin Burkina Faso, Capt Ibrahim Traoré, wanda ya ƙwace mulki a juyin mulkin 2022.

Traoré na bayyana kansa a matsayin mai kishin Afirka inda yake samun gagarumin goyon baya daga matasan nahiyar, waɗanda ke kallonsa a matsayin mai yaƙi da ƙasashen Yamma.

Darakta sashen shirye-shiryen Afirka a cibiyar Chatham House ya ce fitattun masu amfani da shafukan sada zumuntan na yunƙurin nuna wa jama'a shakku game da tsarin shugabancin ƙasashensu ta hanyar yaɗa jita-jita maras tushe da nufin sanya mutane ƙyamar tsarin mulkin da suke aiki da shi.

Suna samun ''masu bibiyarsu da dama da ke son, da ke cike da fatan ganin ƙasashen nahiyar Afirka sun samu jagorori da ke son gina nahiyar da samar da zaman lafiya da tsaro a nahiyar''m kamar yadda ya shaida wa BBC.

Yayin da masu sharhi ke ganin jita-jitar da ake yaɗawa game da Ivory Coast na kamanceceniya da farfaandar Rasha, amma babu wata hujja da ke nuna hannun Rasha ciki.

A baya an alaƙanta Rasha da gudanar da ayyukan soji a wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka masu magana da harshen Faranci.

Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka na Ma'aikatar Tsaron Amurka, ta ce masu yaɗa labaran ƙaryar na da alaƙa da ƙungiyar Wagner ta Rasha da ke yunƙurin yaɗa labaran boge game da juyin mulkin sojin Nijar.

Babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa hukumomin Burkina Faso na da hannu a yaɗa labaran cashi-faɗi kan juyin mulkin Ivory Coast, amma ƴan ƙasar sun taka rawa wajen yaɗa labaran.

Dangataka tsakanin Burkina Faso da Ivory Coast ta yi tsami fiye da shekara guda , lokacin a Traore ya zargi makwabciyar ƙasar tasa da tallafa wa ƙungiyoyin masu ɗauke da makamai a cikin Burkina Faso.

Haka a watan Afrilun da ya gabata ministan tsaron Burkina ya zargi Ivory Coast da kitsa shirya kifar da gwamnatin Traore, zargin da aka yi ta yayatawa a shafukan intanet.

Sashen yaƙi d alabaran ƙarya na BBC ya nazarci wasu bayanan ƙarya da ka yaɗa a shafukan TikTok da Facebook da X da kuma YouTube.

Saƙo mafi daɗewa da aka wallafa shi ne wanda wani mai suna Harouna Sawadogo - mai goyon bayan gwamnatin Burkina Faso - ya wallafa ranar 19 ga watan Mayu a shafinsa na TikTok mai mabiya 200,000 waɗanda mafi yawancinsu masu goyon bayan Captain Troare ne.

Wani bidiyo ya ɗauki kansa yana magana da harshen Faransanci da na Moore, wani harshe da ake amfani da shi a Burkina Faso, yana mai kiran sojoji Ivory su yi juyin mulki, tare da kiran mutane su yaɗa bidiyon nasa.

Bayan sa a guda ya sake wallafa wani faifan bidiyo da ke ɗauke da hoton shugaban Ivory Coast, Alassane Ouattara da aka nuna alamun harbin bindiga a jikinsa, tare da rubutun da ke cewa ''ana juyin mulki a Ivory Coast'', kodayake sautin da ke cikin bidiyon na ricikin India da Pakistan ne da aka yi a baya-bayan nan kan yankin Kashmir.

Kwana guda bayan haka saƙon ya yaɗu zuwa ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka masu magana da harshen Ingilishi, inda aka yi yaɗa shi a ƙasashen Najeriya da Kenya da Afirka ta Kudu .

Bayan makonni BBC ta tuntuɓi Mista Sawadogo kan inda ya samo bayanin nasa, sai dai bai yi cikakken bayani ba, kodayake amsar da ya mayar wa BBC ita ce ''In Allah ya yarda za a kawar da Alassane [Ouattara] ta hanyar juyin mulki."

Wani da shi ma ya ɗauki jitajitar, wanda ya wallafa a cikin harshen Ingilishi, shi ne wani ɗan asalin ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka haifa a Turkiyya, Mehmet Vefa Dag, wanda ke jagorantar wata ƙungiyar siyasa a Afirka ta Kudu, wadda aka yi wa taken Truth and Solidarity Movement.

Ya wallafa abubuwa da dama a shafukan sada zumunta da dama, yana murna da abin da ya bayyana a matsayin "juyin mulkin cikin gida".

Hasali ma, Mista Dag, wanda a baya aka soki lamirinsa kan yin kalamai na ɓatanci da ƙarairayi a kan Yahudawa da masu alaƙar jinsi ɗaya, ya wallafa bayanin da ke kiran a yi juyin mulki a Ivory Coast a shafin X a ranar 11 ga watan Mayu.

Lokacin da BBC ta tuntuɓe shi a ranar 3 ga watan Yuni, lokacin da aka tabbatar cewa babu wani batun juyin mulki, ya dage kai da fata cewar an yi juyin mulkin.

"Muna alfahari da ko ma wane ya yi wannan juyin mulkin da ya tuntsurar da Ouattara. Ya sayar da kansa ga ƴan danniya kuma ya so ya lalata Burkina Faso da Mali da Nijar," in ji shi.

"A matsayinmu na masu kishin Afirka ba za mu sake ba shi dama ba. Za mu ci gaba da gwagwarmaya domin ƙasarmu. Wannan nahiyarmu ce."

Wasu daga cikin bidiyoyin da suka yi fice kan labarin ƙanzon-kurege na juyin mulkin a Ivory Coast, wanda suka samu miliyoyin makallata, kafafaen yaɗa labarai da ke bayyana kansu a matsayin masu kishin Afirka da kuma waɗanda ke kururuta shugaban mulkin soji na Burkin Faso ne suka yada su.

Wani malami a jami'ar Uyo da ke Najeriya, Effiong Udo wanda shi ne shugaban Cibiyar tattaunawa kan kishin Afirka ya ce "wasu shaharrun mutane masu neman suna" na nuna soyayya ga gwamnatocin mulkin soja a ƙarƙashin lemar kishin Afirka - wanda asali manufarsa ita ce ƙarfafa hadin kai da ceton nahiyar.

Ya ce suna yin hakan ne domin neman suna da kuma samun kuɗi.

Sai dai ya shaida wa BBC cewa irin waɗannan saƙonni na samun karɓuwa wajen matasa wadanda ba su da masaniya kan siyasa, ya ƙara da cewa: "na fahimci zaƙuwarsu."

Malami a Kenya Karuti Kanyinga ya amince cewar waɗannan sakonni da ake yadawa a shafukan sada zumunta sun yi daidai da ƙishirwar da ake da ita ta samun shugabanni masu adalci wadanda za su iya kawo sauyi a Afirka.

Shugabanni wadanda ba sa ɓarnata dukiyar gwamnati kuma masu ƙoƙarin tsame al'umma daga talauci.

"To amma mutanen da ke baza labaran ƙarya game da Traore a Burkin Faso, ko game da juyin mulki a Ivory Coast ba masu kishin Afirka ba ne," kamar yadda farfesan na nazarin ci gaba a jami'ar Nairobi ya shaida wa BBC.

Babu ko shakka Traoare na da masoya da yawa kuma masu yada labarai na cin gajiyar tashen da yake yi - duk wani labari game da shi na samun farin jini a shafukan sada zumunta.

Mai wallafe-wallafe a shafin YouTube ɗan Kenya Gofdfrey Otieno wanda kan yi labarai kan batutuwan da ake cece-ku-ce a kai, ya ce ya ci karo da wannan dabara ce a ƴan watannin da suka gabata, lokacin da ya wallafa wani bidiyo na ƙarya da ke iƙirarin cewa aminin Kyaftin Traore ya harbi shugaban.

"Wannan ya yaɗu sosai," kamar yadda ya shaida wa BBC - kuma tun daga wancan lokacin kusan duk wani abu da ya wallafa ya karkata ne kan shugaban na Burkin Faso.

Yana daga cikin wadanda suka sake yada bayanan da ba su tabbatar ba game da zargin juyin mulki a Ivory Coast a watan Mayu, kuma bidiyon nasa ya samu makallata sama da 200,000.

Daga baya ya nemi afuwa, inda ya ce ya yi kuskure.

Ya tabbatar da cewa tabbas yana samun kudi daga wasu bidiyoyinsa, amma ya ce ba dukkanin abubuwan da yake wallafawa ne suka kasance na sayarwa ba, kuma ba kamar sauran masu iƙirarin kishin Afirka ba, ya ce ba samun kuɗi ne babbar manufarsa ba.

Ya ce "akwai mutane a waɗannan shafuka wadanda ke amfani da labaran ƙarya domin samun mabiya da kuma neman makallata."

Tabbas akwai mutane da dama da ke sha'awar waɗannan bayanai, sannan akwai masu tsokaci mai kyau a ƙarƙashin irin wadannan bidiyoyi na ikirarin juyin mulki, wani abu da ke nuna yunwar da ake da ita a nahiyar ta neman sauyi.

Sai dai kiraye-kirayen neman a hamɓarar da gwamnatin Ivory Coast ya haifar da damuwa ga wadanda ke tsakiyar lamarin - kuma hakan na ƙara haifar da ruɗani da rashin kwanciyar hankali yayin da ƙasar ke shirye-shiryen zaɓe a watan Oktoba.

Tare da gudumawar wakilin BBC Nicolas Négoce