Su wane ne 'yan Houthi kuma me ya sa suke kai hari kan jiragen ruwa?

'Yan tawayen Houthi da ke iko da yankuna da dama na ƙasar Yemen sun yi gargadin cewa za su kai hari kan dukkan jiragen ruwa da ke zuwa Isra'ila ta Tekun Maliya.

A watan Nuwamba ne dakarun Houthi suka yi awon gaba da wani jirgin ruwan dakon kaya da ke da alaƙar mallakar Isra'ila a tekun Bahar Rum. A cikin watanni biyun da suka gabata, sun kuma kai hari kan wasu jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci da dama da rokoki da jirage marasa matuka.

Yadda 'yan Houthi suka kai hari kan Isra'ila?

Bayan ƙaddamar da hare-haren ramuwar gayya da Isra'ila yi a Gaza a ranar 19 ga watan Oktoba, 'yan tawayen Houthi sun harba makamai masu linzami da jirage marasa matuka zuwa Isra'ila.

Amurka ta ce jiragen ruwanta na yaƙi a Tekun Maliya sun daƙile wasu daga cikinsu, yayin da wasu suka sauka a Maliya ko kuma a yankunan da ke ƙasar Masar.

A watan Nuwamban shekarar 2023, 'yan tawayen Houthi sun yi awon gaba da wani jirgin dakon kaya na Isra'ila a cikin tekun Bahar Maliya, inda suka kai shi wani wuri a gaɓar tekun Yemen.

Isra'ila ta ce jirgin ba nata ba ne, kuma babu wani ɗan Isra'ila a cikin ma'aikatansa, sai dai wasu rahotanni da ba a tabbatar ba sun nuna cewa jirgin mallakar wani ɗan Isra'ila ne.

Tun a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, 'yan Houthi sun kai hari kan jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci da dama a cikin tekun Bahar Maliya ta hanyar amfani da jirage marasa matuka da makamai masu linzami da aka harba daga gaɓar tekun Yemen da ke makwabtaka da su, da suka mamaye.

Jiragen yaƙin Amurka da Birtaniya da na Faransa sun daƙile da yawa daga cikin makaman da aka harba, amma wasu sun faɗa kan wasu jiragen ruwa.

Kamfanin sufurin jiragen ruwa na Mediterrenean, wanda shi ne babban kamfanin sufurin jiragen ruwa na duniya, ya ce yana karkatar da jiragensa daga tekun Maliya. Haka ma kamfanin Faransa CMA-CGM, da kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki na ƙasar Denmark, Maersk, da na Jamus Hapag-Lloyd da kuma kamfanin mai na BP.

Cibiyar sadarwar rundunar sojojin Amurka Centcom, da ke gudanar da ayyukan sojin Amurka a yankin gabas ta tsakiya, ta ce: "Iran ce ta dauki nauyin kitsa waɗannan hare-haren da ‘yan Houthi suka ƙaddamar a ƙasar Yemen."

Amurka ta ba da shawarar kafa rundunar sojan ruwa ta haɗin gwiwa don kare jigilar kayayyaki daga hare-haren Houthi.

Su wane ne 'yan tawayen Houthi kuma mece ce manufarsu??

Houthi dai wata ƙungiya ce da ke ɗauke da makamai a ƙasar Yaman wadda ta ƙunshi tsirarun 'yan Shi'a da ke ƙasar, wato Zaidi.

An kafa ƙungiyar ce a shekarun 1990 domin yaƙi da abin da suke gani a matsayin cin hanci da rashawa na shugaban ƙasar lokacin, Ali Abdullah Saleh.

Sun samo sunansu ne daga sunan wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar, Hussein al Houthi. Suna kuma kiran kansu da sunan Ansar Allah.

Bayan mamayar da Amurka ta yi wa Iraƙi a shekara ta 2003, 'yan Houthi sun ɗauki taken: "Allah mai girma ne, halaka ga Amurka, Mutuwa ga Isra'ila. La'ana ga Yahudawa, da nasara ga Musulunci."

Sun ayyana kansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na "'yan turjiya" da Iran ke jagoranta a kan Isra'ila, Amurka da yammacin duniya - inda suke ƙawance da Hamas da Hezbollah.

Wannan ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa a yanzu 'yan Houthi ke kai hare-hare kan jiragen ruwa da ke kan hanyar zuwa Isra'ila, in ji Hisham Al-Omeisy, masani kan Yeman a Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Turai.

"Yanzu a zahiri suna yaƙar 'yan mulkin mallaka, suna yaƙar maƙiyan al'ummar Musulunci," in ji shi. "Wannan ya yi daidai da buƙatar magoya bayansu."

Ta yaya 'yan Houthi suka mamaye yankuna da dama a Yemen?

A farkon shekara ta 2014 ne 'yan Houthi suka samu ƙarfin siyasa a ƙasar Yemen, lokacin da suka yi adawa da wanda ya gaji Ali Abdullah Saleh a matsayin shugaban ƙasar, Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi.

Bayan sun cimma yarjejeniya da Saleh - tsohon abokin hamayyarsu - sun yi nufin mayar da shi kan karagar mulki.

Sun ƙwace iko a lardin Saada da ke arewacin ƙasar Yemen kuma a farkon shekarar 2015 sun ƙwace babban birnin ƙasar Sanaa, lamarin da ya tilastawa shugaba Hadi ficewa zuwa ƙasar waje.

Maƙwabciyar ƙasar Yemen, Saudiyya, ta shiga tsakani ta hanyar kai harin soji don ƙoƙarin kawar da Houthi tare da mayar da Shugaba Hadi kan karagar mulki. Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE) da Bahrain sun mara wa Saudiyya baya.

'Yan tawayen Houthi sun daƙile hare-haren da aka kai masu, kuma suna ci gaba da iko da yankuna da dama a ƙasar ta Yemen.

Sun kashe Ali Abdullah Saleh a shekarar 2017 lokacin da ya yi ƙoƙarin sauya sheƙa zuwa ɓangaren Saudiyya.

Wane ne ke mara wa 'yan tawayen Houthi baya?

'Yan tawayen Houthi sun yi koyi da ƙungiyar Shi'a da ke ɗauke da makamai a Lebanon, wato Hezbollah.

Tun a shekarar 2014 kungiyar Hizbullah take ba su agaji irin na soja da horo kamar yadda cibiyar bincike ta Amurka da cibiyar yaƙi da ta'addanci suka bayyana.

Su ma Houthi na daukar Iran a matsayin abokiyar tarayya, saboda dukansu suna adawa da Saudiyya.

Ana zargin Iran da bai wa 'yan tawayen Houthi makamai.

Saudiyya ta kuma zargi Iran da samar da makamai masu linzami da jirage marasa matuka da Houthi suka yi amfani da su wajen kai hari kan cibiyoyin mai na Saudiyya a shekarar 2019.

'Yan Houthi sun harba dubban makamai masu linzami masu cin gajeren zango zuwa Saudiyya, sannan kuma sun kai hari kan wasu wurare a Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa.

Samar da waɗannan makaman zai saɓa wa takunkumin hana shigo da makamai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Iran ta musanta yin hakan.

Yaya karfin ikon 'yan tawayen Houthi kuma yankuna nawa suka mamaye a Yemen?

Gwamnati a hukumance ita ce Majalisar Jagorancin Shugabancin ƙasa, wanda Shugaba Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi ya mika wa ragamar mulki a cikin watan Afrilun 2022. Tana da hedikwata a Riyadh babban birnin Saudiyya.

Sai dai akasarin al'ummar ƙasar Yemen na rayuwa ne a yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Houthi, kuma ƙungiyar na karɓar haraji a yankin arewacin ƙasar, tare da buga takardun kuɗi.

Kwamitin tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya ba da misali da wani ƙwararre kan harkar Houthi Ahmed al-Bahri, wanda ya ce a shekara ta 2010 ƙungiyar Houthi na da mabiya tsakanin 100,000 zuwa 120,000, da suka haɗa da dakaru masu ɗauke da makamai da kuma magoya baya marasa makamai.

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta kuma ce kusan yara 1,500 da 'yan tawayen Houthi na Yemen suka ɗauka aiki sun mutu a yaƙi a shekara ta 2020, da kuma wasu ɗaruruwa a shekarar da ta biyo baya.

'Yan tawayen Houthi ne ke riƙe da yankuna da dama na gaɓar tekun Maliya, inda daga nan ne suke kai hare-hare kan jiragen ruwa.

Mista al-Omeisy ya ce waɗannan hare-haren sun taimaka musu a tattaunawar zaman lafiyar da suke yi da Saudiyya a halin yanzu.

"Ta hanyar nuna wa Saudiyya cewa za su iya rufe Bab al-Mandab - da ke tsakanin yankin Larabawa (arewa maso gabas) da nahiyar Afirka (kudu maso yamma) - suna ƙara matsin lamba kan Saudiyya lokacin da suke miƙa buƙatunsu," in ji shi.