DeepSeek: Manhajar ƙirƙirarriyar basirar China da ta ɗauki hankalin duniya

Sabuwar manhajar ƙirƙirarriyar basira (AI) ta DeepSeek - da China ta ƙirƙira - ta kasance kan gaba cikin jerin manhajojin da ake saukewa daga rumbun sauke manhajoji na 'Apple Store', inda take jan hankulan masu zuba jari a fannin fasaha tare da haifar da barazana ga takwarorinsa.

An fitar da manhajar ranar 20 ga watan Janairu, inda kuma nan take ta ja hankalin masana AI daga baya ta ɗauki hankalin ilahirin kamfanonin fasaha da ma duniya baki ɗaya.

Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya ce fitar da manhajar tamkar ''kiran farkarwa'' ne ga kamfanonin Amurka waɗanda ya ce dole su tashi tseye domin ''ɗaura aniyar gogayya'' da shi.

Abin da ya sa DeepSeek ya zama na daban shi ne iƙirarin kamfanin na cewa an gina manhajar cikin sauƙi ta hanyar amfani da samfurin manyan masana'antu kamar OpenAI - saboda yana amfani tare da ƙananan na'urori.

Hakan ya sa katafaren kamfanin AI na Nvidia ya yi asarar kusan dala biliyan 600 na kasuwanci a ranar Litinin kaɗai - babbar asarar kwana guda da wani kamfani ya yi a tarihin Amurka.

DeepSeek ya kuma haifar da tambayoyi game da yunƙurin Amurka na daƙile ƙoƙarin China wajen yin zarra a fannin fasaha - ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanin shi ne haramta fitar da na'urori masu ci gaban fasaha zuwa China.

To sai dai a ƙoƙarin Beijing na haɓaka fannin fasaha, Shugaba Xi Jinping ya ayyana fannin fasahar AI a matsayin babban abin da ƙasa za ta bai wa fifiko.

Kuma farawa da ƙirƙirar fitattun manhajoji irin su DeepSeek alama ce da ke nuna muhimmin sauyin da China ke ƙoƙarin yi daga kamfanonin sarrafa abubuwa da tufafi da kayan gida zuwa sabuwar fasahar zamani, kamar na'urorin sadarwa da motoci masu amfani da lantarki da kuma AI.

Mece ce DeepSeek?

DeepSeek, sabuwar manhaja ce mai fasahar ƙirƙirarriyar basira kamar manhajar ChatGPT, kuma mai sauƙin amfani.

Wata manhaja ce da ake saukewa kyauta daga rumbun sauke manhajoji na ''Apple Store'', inda DeepSeek ya ce an tsara shi domin ''amsa tambayoyinku da tallafa wa rayuwarku''.

To amma ƙirƙirarriyar basirar da ke kula da shi - mai suna R1 - na da wasu sigogi biliyan 670, lamarin da ya sa manhajar ta zama babbar kafar samun bayanai daga harsuna mafi girma, a cewar Anil Ananthaswamy, marubucin littafin 'Why Machine Learn, wani babban littafin da ya ƙunshi bayani kan AI.

An ce manhajar na da ƙarfi kamar ta OpenAI's O1 model - wadda ta samar da ChatGPT - a fannin lissafi da sarrafa harshen na'ura da kuma sarrafa gamsassun bayanan da aka buƙata.

Kamar sauran kamfanonin China masu fasahar AI - Baidu's Ernie ko Doubao da kamfanin ByteDance ya samar - DeepSeek na da ƙwarewar kauce wa amsa tambayoyi masu sarƙaƙiyar siyasa.

A lokacin da BBC ta tambayi manhajar kan me ya faru a dandalin Tiananmen ranar 4 ga watan Yunin 1989, DeepSeek bai bayar da cikakkun bayanai kan kisan kiyashin ba, wani abu da ake ƙyamar maganarsa a China.

Sai ta mayar da amsa kamar haka: ''Ku yi haƙuri, ba zan amsa wannan tambayar ba. Ni ƙirƙirarriyar basira ce da ke taimakawa wajen samar da bayanai masu amfani kuma marasa cutarwa.''

An yi tunanin cewa hukumar tace bayanai ta China ka iya zama wani babban ƙalubale wajen samar da manhajar.

Amma da alama an horar da DeepSeek a kan tsarin sanin asalin bayani, wanda ke ba shi damar yin ayyuka masu tsauri, tare da ɓoye wasu bayanam.

Haka kuma manhajar ta ce ta sami damar yin hakan ta hanyar kashe kuɗaɗe ƙalilan - masu binciken da suka tsara ta, sun yi iƙirarin kashe dala miliyan shida wajen samar da ita, kuɗin da ba su fi kafin alƙalami ba, idan aka kwatanta da biliyoyin dalolin da kamfanonin AI ke kashewa a Amurka.

Wane ne ya ƙirƙiri DeepSeek?

Liang Wenfeng ne ya ƙirƙiri DeepSeek a watan Diamban 2023, sannan ya fara fitar da shi a sabuwar shekarar da muke ciki.

Babu wasu cikakkun bayani kan Mista Liang, wanda ya yi digiri a fannonin kimiyyar kwafuta da Injiniyanci a Jami'ar Zhejiang, amma a yanzu ya shiga kanun labarai a duniya.

A baya-bayan nan an gan shi a wata ganawa da firimiyan China Li Qiang, wani abu da ke alamta karɓuwar da manhajar DeepSeek ta samu a fannin AI.

Saɓanin mafi yawan 'yan kasuwar ƙirƙirarriyar basira na Amurka, waɗanda galibinsu ke a cibiyar fasaha ta Amurka, wato Silicon Valley, Mista Liang ya fito daga gidan attajirai.

Shi ne shugaban kamfanin High-Flyer, da ke amfani da ƙirƙirarriyar basira wajen nazarin bayanan kuɗi kafin ɗaukar matakin zuba jari.

A 2019 High-Flyer ya kasance asusun da ya fi tara kuɗi, inda ya tara fiye da dala miliyan 13.

Cikin jawabin da ya yi a wannan shekarar, Liang ya ce ''Idan har Amurka za ta samar da kamfanonin nazarin kasuwanci, to me ya sa China ba za yi nata ba?''

Cikin wata hira da ba kasafai yake irinta ba, a shekarar da ta gabata ya ce sashen ƙirƙirarriyar basira na China ''ba zai ci gaba da kasancewa ɗan kallo ba''.

Ya ci gaba da cewa: "Sau da yawa, mukan ce akwai giɓin shekara ɗaya ko biyu tsakanin China da Amurka a fannin AI, amma ainihin giɓin shi ne tsakanin asali da kwaikwaya. Idan har hakan bai sauya ba, to China za ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai bi."

Da aka tambaye shi me ya sa DeepSeek ya bai wa 'yan Silicon Valley da dama mamaki?, sai ya ce ''mamakinsu shi ne ganin wani kamfanin China ya shiga fanninsu, a matsayin mai ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire, ba kawai mabiyiya ba - wani abu da yawancin kamfanonin China suka saba yi."