A ina cibiyoyin nukiliyar Iran suke kuma waɗanne ne aka kai wa hari?

Rundunar sojin Isra'ila ta ce ta kai hare-hare a cibiyoyin nukiliya na Iran a ranar Juma'a 13 ga watan Yuni. Wasu faye-fayen bidiyo da BBC ta gani sun nuna yadda hare-haren suka wakana a cibiyoyi guda biyar.

Yawancin cibiyoyin a babban birnin ƙasar, Tehran suke - inda wasu faya-fayen suka nuna yadda hare-haren suka ɓarnata wasu gidajen mutane.

Wata babbar cibiya ita ce Natanz - kimanin kilomita 225 (mil 140) daga kudancin babban birnin ƙasar - inda cibiyar haɓaka ma'adinin uraniun yake.

Rahotanni daga Iran sun nuna cewa cibiyoyin Natanz da Arak suna cikin cibiyoyin da Isra'ila ke hari.

Amma ita kuma Iran ta nanata cewa ba domin samar da makaman soji take shirin nukiliyarta ba.

Amma wasu ƙasashe - ciki har da masu sanya ido kan shirin nukiliya da Cibiyar IAEA - ba su gamsu ba.

Wannan maƙalar ta yi nazari a kan wasu muhimman bayani kan cibiyoyin nukiliyar Iran.

Cibiyar Natanz

Cibiyar Natanz fuel enrichment plant (FEP) ce babbar cibiyar nukiliyar Iran.

Kakakin rundunar tsaron Isra'ila Efi Dufferin ya ce a ranar 13 ga watan Yunin 2025 sun "ɓarnata" cibiyar sosai a wani hari da jami'anta suka kai.

Cibiyar makamai masu linzami ta duniya ta The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ta tabbatar da harin da Isra'ila ta kai a cibiyar Natanz.

Cibiyar na da ɓangarori guda biyu: Ɓangaren fara sarrafa ma'adinin uraniun wato Pilot Fuel Enrichment Facility (PFEP) da kuma aihinin cibiyar sarrafa ma'adinin wato Main Fuel Enrichment Facility (FEP), wanda aka haɗa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa domin kare su daga hare-hare.

Cibiyar ta fara aiki ne a watan Fabrairun 2007 ba tare da sahalewar kwamitin tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba, wanda ya buƙaci ƙasar ta Iran ta dakata da yunƙurin nata.

Akwai gine-gine guda uku manya duk a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a cibiyar.

Cibiyar FEP tana sarrafa uranium ne domin samar da makamashi mai ɗauke da kashi 3 zuwa 4 na sinadarin U-235, wanda za a iya amfani da shi domin samar da makamashin injinan cibiyar, amma za a iya sarrafa shi har zuwa kashi 90, wanda wanan matakin ne ke samar da makamin nukiliya.

A ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar nukiliya ta Yulin 2015 ta (JCPOA), Iran ta amince ta yi amfani da ƙasa da 5,060 na tsofaffin injinan centrifuge a cibiyar Natanz na shekara 10. Sannan za a fara bincike tare da sarrafa uraniun a cibiyar ta Natanz ne na iya shekara takwas kawai.

Amma bayan Amurka ta fice daga yarjejeniyar a zamanin mulkin Donald Trump a shekarar 2018, sai Iran ta cigaba da sarrafa ma'adinin har ta kai matakin kashi 60. Kuma idan aka sarrafa ma'adinin uraniun ya kai matakin kashi 90 ne yake zama makamin nukiliya.

Cibiyar Fordow

Wannan ma wata cibiyar nukiliya ce da ke kusa da garin Qom mai nisan kimanin kilomita 160 (mil 100) daga kudancin Tehran, wadda take da matuƙar kariya.

A asirce aka yi ginin, kuma a tsakiyar tsaunuka, amma ta fara fitowa fili a shekarar 2009, wanda hakan ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce daga ƙasashen duniya kan yunƙurin Iran na samar da nukiliya.

Cibiyar Fordow an tsara ta ne domin adana injinan centrifuge guda 3,000, kuma a tsare yake daga hare-hare ta sama.

Bayan shiga yarjejeniyar JCPOA, sai Iran ta amince ta mayar da cibiyar Fordow cibiyar bincike, sannan amince ta dakatar da aikin sarrafa uranium a cibiyar na shekara 15. Amma bayan Amurka ta fice daga yarjejeniyar, sai Iran ta cigaba da aikinta, har ta sarrafa ma'adinin ya kai matakin kashi 20 a shekarar 2021.

A watan Nuwamban 2022, Iran ta ƙara matakin sarrafa uranium a cibiyar Fordow zuwa matakin kashi 60, sannan ta sanar da yunƙurinta na ƙarawa nan gaba.

Cibiyar na ƙarƙashin sa ido da nazarin IAEA, kuma bincike ya nuna an ƙara haɓaka ayyukan cibiyar.

Cibiyar Khandab (Arak)

Cibiyar Khandab, wadda a baya ake kira Arak Heavy Water Reactor cibiya ce da ke kusa da birnin Khandab da ke lardin Markazi.

Asali an assasa ta ne a matsayin cibiyar bincike, amma sai aka shiga fargaba saboda yadda Iran take ƙara ƙaimi wajen sarrafa makamin nukiliya.

A ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar JCPOA, Iran ta dakatar da aikin gina cibiyar, ta kwashe wasu kayayyakin da ke ciki, sannan ta cike ramukan da kankare.

Iran ta shaida wa IAEA cewa tana da burin sake gyara cibiyar a shekarar 2026, wanda batu ne da ke ɗaga hankali game da shirin ƙasar na nukiliya.

Cibiyar fasahar nukiliya ta Isfahan

Wannan wata cibiya ce da Iran ta tanada domin sarrata uranium ta samar da makamashin da ake buƙata domin aikin makamin.

Cibiyar ta Isfahan Processing Facility na samar da sinadarin uranium hexafluoride (UF6), wanda ake buƙata a cibiyoyin Natanz da Fordow. Haka kuma ana samar da fetur da wasu sinadaran da ake buƙata.

A watan Fabrairun 2023, Iran ta sanar da cewa ta fara gina "cibiyar bincike sinadaran nukiliya" a cibiyar.

Duk da cewa cibiyar na ƙarƙashin kulawar IAEA, akwai fargabar wasu aikace-aikace da ake yi a cibiyar da suke da alaƙa da samar da ƙarafan uranium, waɗanda ake tunanin suna da amfani wajen aikin soji.

Cibiyar nukiliya ta Bushehr

Wanan tana gab ne da gaɓar tekun Fashiya a kudu da birnin Bushehr.

An fara gina ta ne a shekarar 1975 tare da taimakon Jamus, sannan Rasha ta taimaka wajen ƙarasa aikin bayan ɗaukar lokaci ana jan ƙafa. A shekarar 2011 ce cibiyar ta fara aiki.

Tana amfani da uranium da aka samu daga Rasha ne. Duk da cewa cibiyar ce ta samar da makamashi domin amfanin fararen hula, cibiyar IAEA na matuƙar sa ido kan harkokinta.

Sannan akwai fargabar ba a kiyaye ƙa'idoji, ga kuma fargabar kusancinta da yankunan da suke fama da girgizar ƙasa.

Cibiyar bincike kan nukiliya ta Tehran

An gina cibiyar ne a 1967 da tallafin Amurka domin sarrafa ma'adinin uranium domin samar da sinadaran da ake amfani da su a aibiti.

A shekarar 1987 sai ta fara sarrafa uranium domin rage illolin makamin nukiliya.

A shekarar 2009 ce Iran ta sarrafa uranium a cibiyar har zuwa matakin kashi 20 domin samun makamashi.

Cibiyar ayyukan soji ta Parchin

Cibiyar Parchin tana kudu maso gabashin Tehran ne, kuma wata cibiyar soji ce ta sirri.

Kamar yadda wasu rahotanni na IAEA suka nuna, an daɗe ana zargin cibiyar na da hannu a shirin Iran na nukiliya.

Sai dai Iran ta musanta cewa tana amfani da cibiyar Parchin domin samar da makamai.

A watan Mayun 2022, wani abin fashewa ya fashe har ya kashe wani injiniya, sannan ya raunata wani.