Zanga-zangar ɗaliban Amurka kan yaƙin Gaza ta yi kama da lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam na 1968

Masu zanga-zangar wadarai da yaƙin Gaza na ƙaruwa a manyan jami'o'in Amurka yayin da hukumomi ke amfani da 'yansanda da dakarun tsaron ƙasa wajen murƙushe su.

Ɗaliban na nuna rashin goyon bayansu ne kan hare-haren da Isra'ila ke kaiwa a Zirin Gaza - inda aka kashe Falasɗinawa sama da 34,700 - bayan harin Hamas da ya kashe aƙalla 1,200 da kuma yin garkuwa da wasu fiye da 250 ranar 7 ga watan Oktoban 2023.

Masu zanga-zangar na neman makarantunsu su yanke hulɗar kjuɗi da Isra'ila da sauran kamfanonin ƙasar da ke amfana da yaƙin, kuma su daina ayyukan haɗin-gwiwa da makarantu da cibiyoyin Isra'ila.

Jagorori a jami'o'in sun zargi ɗaliban da nuna ƙin jinin Yahudawa da kuma tilastawa ko tsangwamar ɗalibai Yahudawa.

Masu sharhi da dama sun kwatanta murƙushe masu zanga-zangar da aka gani a wannan makon a Jami'ar Columbia da irin wanda aka yi a shekarar 1968 lokacin yaƙin Vietnam a jami'ar mai alfarma da ke birnin New York.

A wancan shekarar, fushi ne ya harzuƙa masu zanga-zangar saboda yadda aka sauya dokokin ɗaukar soja, wanda ya ba da damar ɗaukar matasa da yawa don tura su yaƙin.

BBC ta tattauna da 'yanjarida, da masu kare haƙƙi, da marubuta waɗanda suka shaida abin da ya faru a 1968 don nazartar bambanci da abin da ke faruwa a yanzu.

Jadawalin abubuwan da suka fi girgiza al'umma a 1968

Me ya faru a Yaƙin Vietnam?

A 1968, yaƙi a ƙasar Vietnam na shiga wani mataki na musamman. A watan Janairu, dakarun Vietnam ta Arewa da ke samun taimakon mayaƙan Vietcong suka kai hari kan sojojin Amurka da ƙawayensu, har suka kai ga Saigon, sai kuma babban birnin Vietnam ta Kudu.

Ana kiran farmakin da suna Farmakin Tet, inda aka ba shi sunan bikin sabuwar shekara a harshen Vietnam. Duk da cewa Vietnam ta Arewa ce ta yi rashin nasara, hotunan harin da suka ɓulla sun fara sauya ra'ayin Amurkawa.

Lamarin ya nuna cewa ƙudirin Shugaban Ƙasa Lyndon B. Johnson ba zai cika ba na yin nasara a yaƙin, suna zargin cewa ya yi wa 'yan ƙasa ƙarya game da abin da ke faruwa.

"Wannan ne mafarin komai da komai," in ji Kenneth Walsh, farfesa a jami'ar American University da ke birnin Washington DC, wanda ɗalibi ne a lokacin.

"Ta bayyana ƙarara cewa dakarun adawa ba za su zubar da makamansu ba, kuma za a ci gaba da kashe dakaru ciki har da na Amurka da ma fararen hula," a cewar farfesan wanda ya rubuta litattafai da dama.

Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, harin da dakarun Hamas suka kai cikin Isra'ila ranar 7 ga watan Oktoban 2023 ya girgiza duniya, kuma ƙasashe da dama a duniya sun tausaya wa Isra'ila.

Amma bayan luguden wuta ba ƙaƙƙautawa da dakarunta suka dinga yi a kan Zirin Gaza, Falasɗinawan da Isra'ilar ta kashe sun wuce iyaka bayan wata bakwai yayin da mazauna zirin ke fuskantar barazanar annobar yunwa.

"Hotunan da muka gani daga Gaza a 'yan watannin nan sun zarta iyaka ta ramuwar Isra'ila," a cewar ɗan jarida Charles Kaiser, wanda wakilin jaridar New Yrok Times ne kuma marubucin littafin 1968 a Amurka.

"A sani cewa, abin da Hamas ta yi abin tashin hankali ne, na rashin imani," in ji Kaiser. "Amma abu ne da ba a taɓa tunani ba yadda Isra'ila ta mayar da wannan harin ta'addanci abin da ya jawo mata ƙyama mafi girma a duniya da ban taɓa gani ba a rayuwata."

Zanga-zangar ɗalibai

"Abin da ke faruwa a yanzu ya yi kama da wanda ya faru a wancan lokacin. A 1968, ɗalibai sun mamaye jami'o'i da gine-gine don nuna adawa da Yaƙin Vietnam, kuma suka dinga sukar jami'o'in kan hulɗarsu da kamfanonin da ke da alaƙa da rundunar sojin AMurka," a cewar Kenneth Walsh.

"Yanzu kuma, abubuwan na da dan bambanci: na yanzu goyon bayan Falasɗinawa ne da kuma rikicin Gaza. Amma kuma babban dalili dai, kamar a 1968, shi ne ɓacin rai, nuna adawa da rashin adalci. Saboda haka, abubuwan da ke faruwa yanzu a Amurka na tuna mana 1968, shekara mai cike da ruɗani."

Sai dai kuma, Mark Kurlansky, ɗan fafutika kuma marubucin littafin 1968: The Year that Rocked the World ba shi ganin akwai wata kamanceceniya tsakanin lamurran biyu, ila sai dai kawai abin da ya faru a Hamilton Hall - sashen mulki na Jami'ar Columbia inda aka kori daga ciki a makon nan.

"Ɗaliban sun mamaye Hamilton Hall saboda an yi irin hakan a 1968, shi ne suke so su kwaikwayi abin da muka yi," a cewarsa.

"Lamarin ya sha bamban sosai. Muna fuskantar yaƙi ne da gwamnatin ƙasarmu ke so mu shiga ciki mu kuma muna ƙi. Yaƙin Vietnam abu ne da ya faru da mu, su kuma waɗanda ke zanga-zanga a yanzu sun san cewa ba za su shiga yaƙi a Gaza ba."

A gefe guda kuma, ɗan jarida Charles Kaiser, wanda ɗalibi ne a jami'ar a ƙarshen shekarun 1960 kuma ya ba da rahotonni kan yaƙin daga baya, yana ganin masu zanga-zangar na yanzu sun cancanci a yaba musu.

A nasa ɓangaren, Mark Kurlansky yana ganin zanga-zangar ba ta da amfani kuma ya soki masu yin ta.

"Ina cikin Yahudawan da ba su goyon bayan Isra'ila kuma da yawa daga cikinmu akwai masu sukar gwamnatin Netanyahu," kamar yadda ya amince. "Amma yanzu mun yi shuru. Da a ce sun [masu zanga-zanga] bi wata hanyar daban, da sun samu cikakkiyar ƙungiya mai ƙunshe da Yahudawa da Falasɗinawa da za su yaƙi yaƙin."

Shekarar zaɓe a Amurka

Tabbas duniya ta shiga ruɗani a 1968. Ba iya adawa da Yaƙin Vietnam ba kawai a Amurka, akwai bore na ɗalibai a birane da yawa, musamman a Faransa, inda zanga-zangar da ƙazance ake kiran ta "the French May" - wato "watan Mayun Faransa".

Akwia kuma rashin jituwa tsakanin Turai da Tarayyar Soviet. Tarayyar ta USSR da wasu daga cikin mambobin yarejeniyar Warsaw sun kutsa ƙasar da a lokacin sunanta Czechoslovakia don tumɓuke Shugaba Alexander Dubček mai rajin kawo gyara da kuma naɗa gwamnatin kwamunisanci.

A Amurka, an kashe mai yaƙi da tashin hankali kuma mai rajin kare haƙƙin baƙaƙen fata Martin Luther King Jr.. 'Yan watanni kuma aka yi wa ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na Democrat John F. Kennedy kisan gilla.

"A 1968, ɗan takarar Republican Richard Nixon ya yi amfani da zanga-zangar ɗalibai wajen nuna cewa akwai buƙatar a murƙushe masu aikata laifuka kuma 'yan Democrat sun gaza wajen tabbatar da doka da oda, wannan shi ne abin da ya yi amfani da shi wajen cin zaɓe," kamar yadda Kenneth Walsh ya yi bayani.

Wannan shi ne irin abin da ɗan takarar Republican na yanzu Donald Trump ke amfani da shi a kan Joe Biden na Democrat. "Idan abin da 'yan ƙasa ke buƙata a yanzu shi ne doka da oda, to wannan, a baki, zai iya taimaka wa Trump. Saboda haka akwai kamanceceniya da abin da ya faru a baya," in ji Walsh.

Ana hasashen za a yi kankankan a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na watan Nuwamba mai zuwa. Duka Biden da Trump na da inda suka fi nasibi da kuma naƙasu. Charles Kaiser ya ce duk da Biden bai iya tanƙwara Isra'ila ba a yaƙin Gaza, matsayinsa a yanzu bai yi lalacewar da Lyndon B. Johnson ya yi ba a 1968.

Abin da yake fargaba kuma dai shi ne kamanceceniyar da abin da ya faru a baya: za a yi taron jam'iyyar Democrat na ƙasa wanda zai tabbatar da Biden a matsayin ɗan takararta a birnin Chicago, wanda a irin wannan taron ne a 1968 ɗin aka yi rikici tsakanin masu ƙin jinin yaƙi da kuma 'yansanda.

"Ana yawan magana kan maimaita irin wannan zanga-zangar a Chicago yayin taron jam'iyyar a 1968, wanda daga baya ya zama bala'i ga 'yan Democrat," a cewarsa.

"A 1968, ƙarshen abin da ya faru shi ne, bayan duk ƙoƙarin da muka yi na kawo ƙarshen yaƙin, ya sa ƙasar ta bi wani ƙadamin daban lokacin da Nixon ya zama shugaban ƙasa," in ji shi.

"Idan irin haka ta faru da masu ƙin jinin yaƙin Isra'ila a Gaza a Chicago, Donald Trump zai iya lashe zaɓen 2024."