Yadda Amurka ke shirin girke tukwanen sarrafa nukiliya a duniyar wata

Hukumar nazarin sararin samaniya ta Amurka - Nasa, na ƙoƙarin hanzarta shirinta na samar da tukunyar sarrafa makamashin nukiliya a duniyar wata nan da shekara ta 2030, kamar yadda kafafen yaɗa labaru na Amurka suka ruwaito.

Wannan na daga cikin shirin Amurka na kafa sansanin dindindin da bil'adama zai iya zama a kan wata.

Jaridar Politico da ke Amurka ta ruwaito cewa shugaban riko na hukumar Nasa ya ambato cewa China da Rasha ma duk suna da wannan irin wannan aniya, inda ya ce akwai yiwuwar waɗannan ƙasashen biyu za su ware wani yanki na duniyar wata a matsayin "inda bai kamata mutane su je ba."

To sai dai babbar tambayar ita ce ko za a iya cimma wannan muradi a lokacin da aka ɗiba idan aka dubi yadda gwamnati ta zabtare kasafin kuɗin hukumar ta Nasa, haka nan wasu masana kimiyya na nuna damuwa kan cewa akwai batu na siyasar duniya cikin lamarin.

Ƙasashen Amurka da China da Rasha da Indiya da kuma Japan yanzu haka na rige-rigen kankane yankunan duniyar wata, inda wasu daga cikinsu ke shirin samar da matsuguni na dindindin na ɗan'adam.

"Idan ana so a bunƙasa wannan ɓangare na ganin yadda za a iya rayuwa a duniyar wata a nan gaba, da samar da makamashi mai yawa a duniyar Mars da kuma ƙarfafa tsaronmu a sararin samaniya, to ya kamata hukumar ta ƙara azama," kamar yadda shugaban riƙo na Nasa Sean Duffy ya rubuta wa hukumar, in ji jaridar New York Times.

Mista Duffy ya buƙaci kamfanoni masu zaman kansu su nuna aniyarsu ta gina rumbun sarrafa nukiliya a kan duniyar wata wanda zai iya samar da ƙarfin lantarki kilowatts 100.

Wannan ba wani abu ne mai yawa ba, kasancewa fankan samar da lantarki daga ƙarfin iska guda ɗaya na samar da megawatts 2 zuwa 3 na ƙarfin lantarki.

Batun samar da rumbun sarrafa nukiliya domin samar da lantarki a duniyar wata ba sabon abu ba ne.

A shekarar 2022, hukumar Nasa ta bai wa kamfanoni kwangilar kudi dala miliyan biyar domin zana rumbun sarrafa nukiliya a duniyar wata.

Haka nan a watan Mayu na wannan shekarar China da Rasha sun sanar da shirinsu na ajiye rumbun sarrafa nukiliya mai sarrafa kansa a duniyar wata nan da shekara ta 2035.

Masana kimiyya da dama na ganin cewa wannan ce hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta samar da makamashi mai ɗorewa a duniyar wata.

Kwana ɗaya a wata daidai yake da mako huɗu a duniyar bil'adama, inda akan samu mako biyu jere na rana sai kuma mako biyu a jere na duhu.

Hakan ya sanya dogaro kan samar da lantarki ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana abu mai matuƙar wahala.

"Samar da ko da ɗan ƙanƙanin wuri ne da ma'aikata za su zauna (a duniyar wata) na buƙatar megawatt-megawatt na lantarki. Hasken rana da batura kawai ba za su iya yin hakan ba," in ji Dr Sungwoo Lim, babban malami a Jami'ar Surrey.

Ya ƙara da cewa "ba wai ana buƙatar nukiliya ba ne kawai, abu ne da ya zama wajibi."

Farfesa Lionel Wilson, malamin kimiyyar sararin samaniya a Jami'ar Lancaster ya ce abu ne mai yiwuwa a samar da rumbun sarrafa makamashin nukiliya a duniyar wata nan da shekara ta 2030 "idan aka yi la'akari da tarin kuɗi da aka tanada", kuma ya bayyana cewa yanzu haka akwai zanen da aka yi na ƙananan rumbunan sarrafa nukiliya a duniyar wata.

"Abin da ya rage shi ne samar da isassun kumbon da za a kai kayan aiki kafin samar da rumbunan a kan wata," yana mai nuni da shirin tura kumbon sararin samaniya na Artemis da ke da zai rika ɗaukar mutane zuwa duniyar wata.

Akwai kuma tambayoyi kan rashin hatsarin hakan.

"Ɗaukar sinadarai masu illa ga lafiya a ratsa sararin samaniya zai haifar da damuwa game kare lafiyar al'umma. Dole ne sai an samu lasisi na musamman kafin yin hakan, amma ba abu ne da zai gagara ba," in ji Dr Simeone Barber, masanin ilimin taurara a Jami'ar Open Unibversity.

Umarnin da Mista Duffy ya bayar ya ba da mamaki ganin ruɗanin da aka shiga a hukumar Naxsa a baya-bayan nan, bayan gwamnatin Donald Trump ta sanar da zabtare kashi 245 na kasafin kudin hukumar na shakarar 2026.

Zabtarewar ta shafi shirye-shirye da dama na kimiyya kamar ɗebo ƙasar duniyar Mars domin kawo ta duniyar bil'adama.

Masana kimiyya na kuma tunanin cewa akwai siyasa a cikin lamarin musamman game da rige-rigen da manyan ƙasashen duniya ke yi na mamaye duniyar wata.

"Da alama mun sake komawa halin da aka shiga a shekarun baya na rige-rigen kankane wuri a sararin samaniya, wanda abin kunya ne idan aka duba lamarin ta fannin kimiyya," in ji Dr Barber.

"Gasa ka iya haifar da ƙirkira, to amma idan aka mayar da hankali kan muradun ƙasa kawai ko kuma neman kame wuri, to ba za a mayar da hankali kan abin da ya kamata ba, wato nazarin duniyoyin da ke kusa da mu da kuma na nesa," in ji shi.

A shekara ta 2020 ƙasashe bakwai sun sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya kan yadda za su yi aiki tare a duniyar wata.

Yarjejeniyar ta ƙunshi samar da wasu wurare da kowa zai iya amfani da shi a kusa da kayan aikin da ƙasashe suka ajiye a duniyar wata.

"Idan ka girke rumbun sarrafa nukiliya a kan duniyar wata, za ka iya cewa muhallin da ke zagaye da ita wurinka ne saboda kadararka na awurin," in ji Dr Barber.

"Wasu za su kalli hakan a matsayin tamkar "ikirarin mallakar wani wuri ne a duniyar wata, da kuma cewa babu wanda ya isa ya yi amfani da wurin," kamar yadda ya yi bayani.

Dr Barber ya ce wadansu ƙalubale wadanda dole sai an shawo kansu kafin bil'adama ya iya girke tukunyar sarrafa nukiliya a duniyar wata.

Kumbon Artemis 3 na hukumar Nasa, shi ne abin da ake son a yi amfani da shi wajen tura mutane duniyar wata, to amma ya ci karo da ƙalubale, ciki har da na kuɗi.

"Idan ka girke rumbun sarrafa nukiliya a can amma babu yadda za a yi ka kai dan'adam, to ba shi da amfani ke nan, in ji shi.