Ƙasashen da aka fi kwankwaɗar barasa a duniya

Hukumar lafiya ta duniya, WHO ta ce mutum miliyan 2.6 ne ke mutuwa sakamakon kwankwadar barasa a kowace shekara.

WHO ta ce shan giya na ƙara hatsarin kamuwa da munanan cututtuka kamar ciwon zuciya da hanta da kansa da kuma taɓa lafiyar kwakwalwa.

Hakan na kunshe ne a wani sabon rahoto da hukumar ta fitar kan shan giya da lafiya da kuma kulawa ga masu shan miyagun kwayoyi.

Rahoton ya yi ƙiyasin cewa mutum miliyan 400 ne ke rayuwa da shan barasa da wasu ƙwayoyi da ke gusar da hankali.

''Daga cikin wannan adadi mutum miliyan 209 ne suka dogara da shan barasar domin rayuwa'', in ji rahoton.

Shugaban Hukumar Lafiyar ta Duniya ya ce shan barasa na matuƙar cutar da lafiyar mutane da kuma haifar da illoli masu yawa ga mutanen da suka fi shan barasar.

"Dole ne mu tashi tsaye don kawar da shan barasa, idan muna son inganta lafiya da walwalar al'ummarmu'', in ji shugaban na WHO.

Rahoton ya kuma nuna cewa ƙasashen da ke yankin nahiyar Turai ne kan gaba wajen kwankwaɗar barasa, inda aka yi ƙiyasin cewa matsakaiciyar barasar da mai shan giya ke sha a kowace shekara ta kai lita 9.2.

Sai kuma yankin nahiyar Amurka inda duk mashayin barasar kan sha mai yawan lita 7.5 a kowace shekara.

1. Romania

Ƙasar Romania da ke yankin kudu maso gabashin haniyar Turai ce ke kan gaba wajen yawan mashaya giya kamar yadda alƙaluman WHO suka nuna.

Romania mai yawan al'umma miliyan 19.12, ta yi fice wajen tara mashaya giya.

2. Georgia

Georgia - wadda ke cikin tsohuwar tarayyar Soviet da ta wargaje - na tsakanin yankunan Turai ta Asiya.

Ƙasa ce mai yawan al'umma kimanin miliyan 3.8 mai ɗimbin tarihin al'adu da wadda kuma ta yi fice wajen kwankwaɗar barasa a duniya.

A baya kundin adana abubuwan tarihi na Guinness ya taɓa sanya ƙasar a matsayin wadda ta fi sarrafa barasa a duniya.

3. Jamhuriyar Czech

Alƙaluman na WHO sun ayyana ƙasar Jamhuriyar Czech a matsayin ƙasa ta uku mafi shan barasa a duniya.

Haka kuma ƙasar ce ta farko da ta fi kashe kuɗi a kan barasa a duniya, inda a shekarar 2019 rahoton alƙaluman ƙididdiga na Turai ya nuna cewa ƙasar ta kashe kusan dala biliyan huɗu kan barasa.

Rahoton na WHO ya kuma nuna cewa mafi yawan mutanen da mutuwa sakamakon shan barasar na mutuwa ne saboda shan gurɓatacciyar barasa.

Yadda gurɓatacciyar barasa ke kashe mutane

"Mafiya yawan masu shan gurɓatacciyar barasa na mutuwa, don haka ni ma na yi tunanin cewa ba zan rayu ba," in ji Satya, wata matashiya da ke samun sauki a asibiti, sakamkon cutar da ta kamu da ita bayan shan gurɓatacciyar barasa, a Indiya.

Satya na daga cikin mutum 219 da aka kwantar da su a asibiti a makon da ya gabata a jihar Tamil Nadu da ke kudancin Indiya cikin makon da ya gabata, bayan sun sha gurɓatacciyar barasa.

Aƙalla mutum 57 ne suka mutu bayan shan gurɓatacciyar barasar.

"Na kwashe kusan shekara 20 ina shan barasa, duk ranar da na kwashe a asibiti ji nake tamkar shekara guda na yi, ai daga yanzu na daina shan barasa," kamar yadda Murugan ya faɗa wa BBC.

Ƙasashen da gurɓatacciyar barasa ta fi kisa

Kusan mutum 900 ne ke mutuwa a Rasha a kowace shekara saboda shan gurbatacciyar barasa, kamar yadda ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin masu sayayya ta sanar.

A ƙasar Iran kuma mutum 44 ne aka bayar da rahoton sun mutu a shekarar 2020, sakamakon shan barasar da ta gurɓata.

A Indonesia kuma aƙalla mutum 45 ne suka mutu a shekarar 2018 saboda matsalar.

An fi samun gurɓatacciyar barasa ne a cikin giyar da ake haɗawa a gida, sakamakon rashin ingantattun matakan kariyar da aka ɗauka lokacin haɗa ta.

Bincike ya nuna cewa barasar da ake haɗawa a kamfanonin haɗa barasa ta fi inganci fiye da wadda ake haɗawa a gida.

Sakamakon ƙaruwar farashin kayayyaki, mashaya barasa sun koma amfani da giyar da aka haɗa a gida, saboda ba za su iya sayen wadda kamfani ya haɗa ba.

Kudan mutum 170 ne suka mutu a shekarar 2011 a jihar Bengal da ke gabashin Indiya, yayin da fiye da 100 suka mutu a jihar Gujarat a shekarar 2009.

Haka kuma a Mumbai mutum 100 ne suka mutu a shekarar 2015.

A shekarar 2022, masu bincike sun gano gawarwakin mutum 21 da suka mutu a wani gidan rawa a Afirka ta Kudu.

Ƙasashen Musulmi na haramta shan giya

Ƙasashen Musulmai na haramta shan barasa, saboda a addinin musulunci shan giyar haramun ne.

Masana na cewa a ƙasashen Musulmai irin su Iran da Indonesia akwai dokoki da hukunce-hukunce masu tsauri kan mashaya gida.

Abin da kuma na taimakawa wajen rage adadin mashaya barasa a ƙasashen.

Ga mutanen da ke shan barasar kuwa, su kan kauce wa neman taimako idan suka sha giyar ta yi musu karo, saboda gudun hukuncin da zai hau kansu, idan aka gane sun sha giya.

Ba ɗan'adam ne kawai ke cutuwa ba

A wasu ƙasashe irin su Sri Lanka, sarrafa barasa na shafar muhallai da dabbobin dawa.

A shekarar 2022, masu kula da gandun daji suka samu nasarar ceto wata giwa da haurenta ya maƙale a wani wurin sarrafa barasa.

Haka kuma masu kula da muhalli kan zargi masu safarar barasa da kisan giwaye domin gyara ayyukansu musamman a dazukan da giwayen ke kiwo.