Abin da ya sa mazan Tajikistan ke zama masu tsattsauran ra’ayin addini

Wasu ƙofofin ƙarfe biyu da aka dasa jikin bangon wani gida a ƙauyen Mahmadshoi-Poyon kusa da Dushanbe, babban birnin Tajikistan, lokacin da BBC ta kai ziyara, an datse ƙofofin.

A nan Muhammadsobir Fayzov ya girma. Ɗaya ne cikin ƴan Tajiksitan huɗu da ake zargi da kai hari a wani wajen waƙe-waƙe a birnin Moscow cikin watan Maris, inda aka kashe mutum aƙalla 145.

Masu gabatar da ƙara sun ce Fayzov, wanda a lokacin yake ɗan shekara 19, yana cikin wata ƙungiya da ke harbin masu zuwa wajen raye-raye tare da kai masu hari da wuƙa kafin su cinna wa ginin wuta.

Yan Tajikistan na cikin mutanen da aka zarga da kai hare-hare a baya-bayan nan a Iran da Instanbul kuma cikin waɗanda aka kama kan zargin kitsa hare-hare a Turai.

Ƙwararru sun ce matasan Tajikistan na shiga ƙuniyar IS-K, reshen kungiyar IS a Afghanistan wadda ke iƙirarin kai hari a Moscow. Amma me ya sa?

Dangin Fayzov na ɗari-ɗarin yin magana da ƴan jarida lokacin da muka kai ziyara. Ƴan sandan Tajikistan sun gayyaci mahaifiyarsa domin yi mata tambayoyi.

A tsaitsaye, ɗaya daga cikin ƴan uwansa ya yi bayani cewa Fayzov - mafi ƙarancin shekaru cikin yara biyar - ya je Rasha shekaru biyu da suka gabata kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai gyaran gashi a garin Teykovo a arewa maso gabashin birnin Moscow.

Ya ce ba ya riƙo da addini. Kakarsa, cikin kaduwa, ta ƙara da cewa mutum ne da ke son ƙwallon ƙafa.

A masallaci, Imam Saidrahman Habibov ya amince cewa Fayzov ba mutum ne mai addini ba amma wasu lokutan yana taimaka wa daya daga cikin ƴan uwansa sayar da carbi.

Danginsa fitattu ne a garin, yayin da mahaifin Fayzov ya taɓa koyar da harshen Rashanci a wata makaranta da mahaifiyarsa ke tafiyar da ɗakin karatunta.

Shugaban makarantar, Abdulaziz Abdulsamadov ya ce yana son lissafi kuma yana da burin zama likita.

"Zai yi wuya a ce ya yi abu makamancin haka, sai dai idan ya sauya sosai bayan da ya bar makaranta," ya ce.

Dalerjon Mirzoyev, 32, wani ne cikin mutum huɗu da ake zargi. Yana rayuwa da mai ɗakinsa da yara huɗu a Galakhona, wani ƙauye da ke wajen Dushanbe. "Ba ya iya kashe kaza, ba zai iya kashe ƙwaro ba," kamar yadda mahaifiyarsa Gulrakat ta faɗa mana.

Tsawon shekara 10, Mirzoyev yana aiki a Rasha tsawon wata shida na kowace shekara, a baya-bayan nan yana tuƙa tasi a Novosibirsk, kamar yadda iyalinsa suka faɗa wa BBC.

Wansa Ravshanjon shi ma an zarge shi da nuna tsattsauran ra'ayi. Dangin sun ce ba su ji ɗuriyarsa ba tun ƙarshen shekarar 2016, watanni bayan da shi ma ya koma Rasha.

Hukumomin Tajikistan sun ce ya je yi wa ƙungiyar IS aiki a Syria. Wasu rahotanni sun ce an kashe shi a 2020.

Sauran mutanen biyu da ake tuhuma da hannu a harin na Moscow, Saidakram Rajabalizoda mai shekara 30 da Fariduni Shamsidin mai shekara 25, su ma suna zaune kusa da Dushanbe.

Rajabalizoda yana aiki lokaci zuwa lokaci a wurin gine-gine a Rasha tun lokacin da yake shekara 18. Kawunsa ya faɗa wa BBC cewa an haramta masa shiga ƙasar saboda karya dokokin shige da fice tsawon shekara biyar kuma ya dawo cikin watan Janairu.

Makusantan Shamsidin ba sa son yin magana da BBC amma mutane a ƙauyensa sun shaida mana cewa yana aiki a gidan gasa burodi kafin zuwa Rasha neman aiki.

Wani ɗan uwansa ya ce ya shafe kwanaki a gidan gyaran hali amma an yi kuskure a tuhumarsa. Mutanen yankin sun ce an kulle shi saboda cin zarafi mai nasaba da lalata.

Da mutanen huɗu suka bayyana a kotu, idanun Mirzoyev da Rajabalizoda sun yi baƙi sannan fuskar Shamsidin a kumbure take.

Fayzov na kan keken guragu, kamar ba shi da rai, da ledar fitsari a jikinsa. Idanunsa a rufe amma ɗaya cikinsu da alama ya ji rauni ko ɓatan dabo.

An wallafa hotunan bidiyon yadda zaman yin tambayoyin ya kasance a Telegram. Ɗaya ya nuna wani ɓangare na kunnen Rajabalizoda da aka yanke aka kuma yi amfani da ƙarfi wajen turawa a bakinsa, sannan wani hoto da ya nuna an ɗosana wa Shamdidin wutar lantarki.

Iyalai a Tajikistan da ƴaƴansu suka shiga kungiyar IS a Iraƙi da Syria za su iya cewa "yaron kirki ne, ba shi da addini sosai kuma ba ya jajiɓo wa kansa matsala," in ji Edward Lemon, wani ƙwararre kan tsakiyar siya a jami'ar A&M da ke Texas.

Yana ganin akwai dalilai da yawa na tattalin arziki da siyasa da kuma tarihi da suka haɗu suka sa matasan Tajikistan suka zama masu rauni a hannun masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da ke ɗaukansu aiki.

A wani jawabi na baya-bayan nan, shugaban Tajikstan Emomali Rahmon ya ce "farfagandar tsattsauran ra'ayi" a shafukan sada zumunta ta ƙara yawan matasan da ke shiga IS da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu riƙe da makamai a shekaru 10 da suka gabata.

A wannan lokacin, fiye da ƴan Tajikistan 1000 aka kashe saboda shiga ayyukan ƙungiyoyin mayaƙa a ƙasashen waje sannan dubbai sun yi ɓatan dabo, in ji shi.

IS ta ƙwace yankuna da dama a Syria da Iraƙi a 2014 kuma ta zama alaƙaƙai saboda munanan hare-harenta har da sace-sace da kuma fille kan mutane.

Bayan da aka murƙushe ta a 2019, IS-K ta soma ɗaukan sabbin ma'aikata. Sunanta IS-Khorasan - wani daɗaɗɗen yanki ne da ya haɗa yankunan da a yanzu ya zama Afghanistan da Iran da Tsakiyar Asia.

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke jan ra'ayin matasan Tajikistan wataƙila na iya zama yadda addinin musulunci ke tafiya bisa tsarin doka, duk da cewa an amince da shi a matsayin addinin ƙasar a hukumance kuma galibin al'ummar Tajikistan musulmai ne.

Bayan rugujewar tarayyar Soviet, mummunan yaƙin basasa ya ɓarke a 1992, tsakanin ɓangaren hamayya ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar IRPT da kuma gwamnati ƙarƙashin Mista Rahmon.

Bayan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiyar da aka cimma a 1997, ya ci gaba da zama shugaban ƙasa sai dai IRPT ta ci gaba da fuskantar matsin lamba da wariya. Gwamnati ta ayyanata a matsayin ƙungiyar ta'addanci a 2015.

A watan Mayu aka haramta amfani da hijabi bayan da aka haramta ajiye gemu mai tsawo ba a hukumance ba - tsawon lokaci.

Talauci ma wani ɓangare ne na abin da ya yi tasiri. Duka mutanen huɗu da ake ƙara na tallafa wa iyalai masu yawa da suka dogara kan kuɗaɗen da ake biya can a gida.

Tajikistan ce ƙasa mafi talauci a tsakiar Asia kuma dubban ƴan ƙasar na zuwa Rasha neman aiki - galibi a ayyukan da ba na hukuma ba sannan suna jurewa mawuyacin yanayin aiki da ƙyama da ƙalubale.

Babban nauyi ne aka ɗora kan matasa sannan ma'aikata yan ci-rani da dama na rungumar addini domin samun sauƙi, in ji Mista Lemon.

Sannan sai su zama masu rauni idan aka zo batun ɗaukan aiki da tura saƙonni na masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.

Hare-haren da aka kai kan wasu majami'u biyu da wuraren ibada a yankin Dagestan na Rasha a ranar 23 ga watan Yuni sun gamu da raɗe-raɗi kan ko masu tsattsauran ra'ayin addinin Islama na da laifi.

Sai dai babu wata ƙungiya da ta ɗauki nauyin harin. Hukumomin Rasha sun ce an kashe mahara biyar, har da ƴan uwan shugaban yankin Sergokalinsky na Dagestan.

Sai dai ana ci gaba da bayyana fargaba a wajen Rasha. Bayan harin na Crocus, IS-K ta fitar da wani hoto da ya nuna wani dishi-dishin hoto na London da Madrid da Paris da Roma. "Bayan Moscow, wane ne na gaba?,".

Bayan bayyanarsu ta farko a kotu, mutanen huɗu sun bayyana a hoto a watan Mayu.

Sun ce dukkansu an an shirya harin ne a Ukraine amma ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin bil'Adama sun ce bai kamata a yadda da bayaninsu ba kasancewar bayanan da ke nuna an azabtar da su.

Ministan harkokin wajen Tajikistan ya bayyana damuwa kan yadda ake kula da mutanen da aka kama da kuma mummunar fahimtar da ake yi wa ƙasarsa da al'ummarta, a cewar rahotanni daga kafafen yaɗa labaran yankin.

Da aka tuntuɓe shi game da zargin azabtarwar a lokacin, kakakin Kremlin Dmitry Peskov bai ce komai ba.

Ba a sanar da ranar sauraron shari'ar ba.

Ƙarin rahoto daga Sohrab Zia.