Yadda hayaniya ke rage wa ɗan'adam tsawon rai

Muna zagaye da wani abu mai kisa a ɓoye ba tare da an ankara ba. Wani abu da ke da wuyar gaske a farga cewa shi ne ke cinye tsawon rayuwar mutane da dama.

Yana janyo bugun zuciya, da nau'i na biyu na cutar sikari, kuma daga baya-bayan nan ma bincike ya gano cewa yana janyo ciwon mantuwa.

A tunaninku mene ne wannan?

Amsar ita ce hayaniya, wadda illar da take yi ta zarce matsalar rashin ji kawai.

"Babbar matsalar rashin lafiya ce wadda muke samun mutane masu yawan gaske da ta shafa," inji Farfesa Charlotte Clark, na jami'ar St George ta birnin London.

Wata matsala ce da muka kawar da kai daga gare ta, domin ko tattauna ta ba a yi.

Ina nazari game da yadda hayaniya ta zamo abu mai hatsari ga lafiya kuma na ji ta bakin mutanen da abin ya shafi lafiyar su da zummar ganin ko akwai hanyoyin kaucewa ci gaba da samun hakan a duniyarmu mai cike da hayaniya.

Na fara ne da ziyartar Farfesa Clark a cikin wani ɗakin gwaji da babu hayaniya ko kaɗan. Za mu gano yadda halittar jikina ta ke ɗaukar hayaniya kuma an sanya mani wata na'ura ta gwaji mai kama da agogon zamani mai sarrafa kansa.

Na'urara za ta gwada yanayin bugun zuciyata da kuma yawan zufar da fatar jikina ke fitarwa.

Kuna iya shiga domin a yi wannan gwajin da ku idan kuna da abin sauraron sauti da ake maƙalawa a kunne. Yi tunanin yadda za ka ji, bayan sauraron waɗannan sautuka.

Sautin da ya fi damuna shi ne hayaniyar cunkoson ababen hawa a birnin Dhaka na Bangladesh, inda aka yi wa laƙabi da birni mafi yawan hayaniya a duniya. Ina fara sauraro kawai na ji kamar ina tsakiyar cunkoson ababen hawa mai tsananin ƙara.

Ina jin ƙarar sautin a cikin jikina, kuma bugun zuciyata ya ƙaru yayin da fatar jikina ta ƙara fitar da zufa.

"Akwai ƙwaƙƙwarar hujja mai tabbatar da cewa yawan hayaniya na shafar lafiyar mutum'' inji Farfesa Clark.

Sautin da naji daɗin sa a ciki shi ne na filin wasan yara, wanda ya kwantar mani da zuciya. Sautin haushin karnuka da kuma na shagalin biki duk ba su da daɗin sauraro.

Me ya sa sauti ke canza yanayin jikina?

"Jikin mutum yana da alaƙar kai tsaye da irin sautin da yake sauraro," inji Farfesa Clark.

Sauti yana fara shiga jikin mutum ne ta kunne, daga nan ya shiga ƙwaƙwalwa, wadda kuma ke tura shi zuwa wani ɓangaren jiki da ake kira amygdala, inda a can ne ake tantance irin martanin da jiki zai mayar kan sautin da ya saurara.

Wannan ne matakan da ake bi kafin sauti ya aike da saƙo zuwa gangar jiki domin ɗaukar mataki.

"Da haka ne bugun zuciya ke ƙaruwa, sai mutum ya shiga yanayin tsoro ko damuwa, daga nan kuma sai matakin gajiya ko damuwa,'' inji Farfesa Clark.

Duk waɗannan abubuwa ne da ke faruwa a yanayin gaggawa, amma idan ya taru har ya yi yawa yana janyo illa.

"Idan mutum ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana sauraron hayaniya, zai fuskanci barazanar faɗawa tarkon bugun zuciya da hawan jini da shanewar jiki da kuma nau'i na biyu na cutar sikari,'' inji Farfesa Clark.

Wannan na faruwa har a cikin baccin mu. Mutum zai iya zaton ai jikinsa ya saba da hayaniyar. Na taɓa ɗaukar irin wannan, da tunanin na saba, a lokacin d na yi zaman haya a wani waje kusa da filin jirgin sama. Amma kimiyya ta bayar da wani labarin na daaban.

"Ba a kashe kunne: Ko kana bacci, kunnuwanka suna sauraron abin da ke faruwa. Saboda haka ko a cikin bacci zuciyar mutum tana iya bugawa,'' inji Farfesa Clark.

Hanyaniya sauti ne da mutum baya so. Cunkoson ababen sufuri; jiragen ƙasa da na sama suna cikin abubuwa masu kawo hayaniya. Haka nan kuma harkokin da wani zai yi domin samun nishaɗi na iya zama hayaniya ga wani. Lokacin da wani ya ke jin daɗin wani shagalin biki, lokacin ne kuma wani zai shiga damuwa saboda sautin daa ke tashi a wajen.

Na haɗu da Coco a gidnta da ke a hawa na huɗu a yankin Vila de Gràcia na tarihi na birnin Barcelona, a ƙasar Sifaniya.

An sagale jakar lemun da maƙwabiyarta ta bata, firijinta kuma akwai kyan abincin da wata maƙwabciyar ta bata kuma ta yi mani tayin wani kek da shim wata maƙwabciyar ta bata.

Daga ƙofar gidan ta ana iya hango sauran sassan birnin. Wannan na nuni da dalilin da ya sa Coco ke jin daɗin zama a wajen, amma a yanzu tana ganin za a tilasta mata canza wajen zama.

"Ana hayaniya sosai a wajen nan... a kowanne lokaci cikin hayaniya muke,'' inji Coco. Ta ƙara da cewa ''akwai wajen ajiyar karnuka inda kuma za ka ji suna yin haushi daga ƙarfe 2 da ƙarfe 3 da ƙarfe 4 da kuma ƙarfe 5 na tsakar dare zuwa asuba,'' kuma ana amfani da harabar gidan domin bikin ranar haihuwa musamman ta ƙananan yara da kuma sauran bukukuwa.

Ta fitar da wayarta sannan ta kunna waƙa, inda ƙara mai ƙarfin gaske ta tashi kamar kofin daaka ajiye a kan windon ɗakin zai fado.

Kamata ya yi gidanta ya zama wajen samun hutu bayan ta tashi daga aiki amma ''hayaniyar da ta yi yawa ta matsa mani, kamar in fashe da kuka''.

Sau biyu ana kwantar da ita a asibiti inda ta yi fama da ciwon ƙirji kuma ta yarda cewa hayaniya na sanya mata damuwa da janyo mata matsala a kiwon lafiyarta.

Dr Maria Foraster wadda ta yi nazari a kan illar hayaniya, daga hukumar lafiya ta duniya, ta ce akwai ƙiyasin da ke nuna cewa mutane 300 ke samun bugun zuciya kowacce shekara a birnin Barcelona kuma 30 a cikinsu ke mutuwa.

A sassan turai, matsalar hayaniya na kashe mutum 12,000 a shekara da kuma damun wasu miliyoyin mutane da har suke gaza bacci, da kuma janyo saurin fushi mai alaƙa da matsalar ƙwaƙwalwa.

Na haɗu da Dr Foraster a wani wajen cin abinci a kusa da wani ƙaramin wajen shaƙatawa a birnin Barcelona. Na'urar gwajin sautin da ke jikina ta nuna cewa akwai sauƙin ƙarar sauti a wajen, kuma muna iya tattaunawa ba tare da mun ɗaga murya ba, amma wajen yana da barazana ga lafiyar mutum.

Ta shaida mani cewa a duk lokacin da hayaniyar sauti ta kai maki 53 na ma'aunin ƙarar sauti to mutum yana cikin barazanar kiwon lafiya.

Dr Natalie Mueller, daga cibiyar kula da lafiya ta Brcelona ta zagaya dani tsakiyar birnin. Mun fara tafiya ne a kan wani titi mai cunkoson ababen hawa sosai, inda na'urar gwada ƙarar sautin da ke jikina ta nuna an kai maki 80 kuma ta nemi mu canza waje zuwa inda hayaniyar ba ta zarce maki 50 ba.

Amma akwai wani yanayi na daban da wannan titin ke da shi. A baya ta kasance hanya mai cunkoson jama'a sosai, amma daga baya an yi tanadin sashin masu tafiya a ƙasa, da wajen cin abinci da shan shayi da kuma ƙaramin lambu a gefe. Ina iya ganin alamar tsohon titi da aka daina amfani da shi. Har yanzu motoci na iya zuwa har kusa da wajen.

Idan aka tuna tun da farko a binciken da aka yi a ɗakin gwaji an gano cewa akwai irin sautin da ke taimakawa jiki domin hutawa.

"Ba wai tsit wajen yake ba, amma sautin da ke tashi a wajen ba mai sanya damuwa bane,'' inji Dr Mueller.

Da farko an tsara kafa irin wannan waje har guda 500, wanda aka yiwa laƙabi da "superblocks" - pedestrian-friendly areas

Dr Mueller ce ta yi nazarin da ya y hasashen raguwar hayaniya a birnin da kashi biyar zuwa goma cikin ɗari, lamarin da ake fatan ya rage mutuwar mutum 150 a kowacce shekara.

Amma a zahiri, irin wannan cibiyoyi guda shida kacal aka gina. Hukumomin birnin ba su ce komai ba a kai.

Sababbin birane

Ana ƙara fuskantar matsalar da hayaniya ke haifarwa saboda hijira da mutane ke yawan yi zuwa birane inda ake da hayaniya sosai.

Birnin Dhaka na Bangladesh, yana cikin manyan biranen dake bunƙasaa duniya. Wannan ya ƙara yawan cunkoso da kuma ƙarar ababen hawa da ta yi yawa.

Momina Raman Royal ya yi suna wajen gudanar da gangami domin wayar da kai game da kiran a kawar da hayaniya a birnin.

A kowacce rana yana shafe minti 10 yana tsaye a titi ɗauke da saƙonni domin wayar da kai, inda ya zargi masu ababen hawa da janyo hayaniya yankin

Ya fara wannan gangami ne bayan haihuwar ɗiyarsa. ''Ina fatan kawo ƙarshen dabi'ar latsa odar mota a lokacin da ake tui a Dhaka da ma Bangaledashbaki ɗaya.

An kuma fara samun huɓɓasa daga hukumomin ƙasar, inda mai bayar da shawara kan muhalli, Syeda Rizwana Hasan, ta shaida mani cewa ta damumatuƙa kan irin illar da hanyaniya ke yiwa lafiyar jama'a.

Hukumomi sun kuma sanar da kafa wasu dokoki da za su hana ababen hawa damun jama'a a kan tituna.