Ni ibiki biri mu rubanza rw’ihonyabwoko rwa Afrika y’Epfo yitwariye Israel muri Sentare mpuzamakungu?
Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images
- Umwanditsi, Na Raffi Berg
- Igikorwa, BBC News
Sentare mpuzamakungu (CIJ/ICJ) uyu musi iratangura kwiga nimba Israel iriko ikora ihonyabwoko ku banya-Palestina muri Gaza.
Afrika y’epfo ni yo yuguruje uru rubanza muri ino sentare.
Israel iriyamiriza iki kirego, ikavuga ko ata shingiro gifise.
Sentare mpuzamakungu CIJ/ICJ ni iki?
Sentare mpuzamakungu, Cour internationale de Justice/International Court of Justice (CIJ/ICJ), ni sentare y’ikirenga ya ONU ifise icicaro i La Haye/ the Hague mu Buholande.
Yashinzwe inyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose kugira ngo itorere umuti indyane hagati y’ibihugu yongere itange ivyiyumviro vyo guhanura ku bijanye n’amategeko, ibi bikaba ari vyo isabwa gukora kuri Israel.
Iratandukanye na Sentare mpuzamakungu mpanavyaha (Cour pénale internationale/International Criminal Court, CPI/ICC), kuko ntishobora gucira imanza abantu ku vyaha bikomeye nk’ihonyabwoko, ariko ivyiyumviro vyayo bifise uburemere muri ONU n’ibindi bigo mpuzamakungu.
Ihonyabwoko ni iki, ni urubanza nyabaki kuri Israel?
Afrika y’Epfo yagiriza Israel ko iriko ikorera ihonyabwoko Abanya-Palestina, inyuma y’igitero ca Hamas co ku wa 7 Gitugutu (10) 2023.
Abarwanyi amajana n’amajana ba Hamas barajabutse bavuye muri Gaza binjira mu bumanuko bwa Israel, bagandagura abantu 1300, benshi muri bo bakaba ari abasivire, bongera banyururiza muri Gaza abababa 240.
Kuva Israel itanguje ibitero vya gisirikare kuri Hamas mu kwihora, abantu barenga 23.000, benshi muri bo bakaba ari abagore n’abana, baramaze kwicwa muri Gaza, nk’uko bivugwa n’ubushikiranganji bujejwe amagara y’abantu mu butegetsi bwa Hamas.
Ivyemezo bitangwa na Afrika y’Epfo bivuga ko ibikorwa vya Israel ari “ivy’ihonyabwoko kubera bifise intumbero yo guhonya igice kinini c’abanyagihugu bo mu bwoko bw’abanya-Palestina”.
Ibi bifatira ku biriko birakorwa na Israel, nk’ibitero vyo mu kirere, hamwe n’ivyo iriko yanka gukora, nko gukingira abasivire, nk’uko Afrika y’Epfo ibivuga.
Uru rubanza kandi rugaruka ku mvugo isanzwe iri mu bategetsi ba Israel, harimwo n’amajambo y’umushikiranganji wa mbere Benjamin Netanyahu, nk’icemezo "c’ishaka ryo gukora ihonyabwoko".
Mu mategeko mpuzamakungu, ihonyabwoko risobanura gukora igikorwa kimwe canke vyinshi mu ntumbero yo guhonya, rwose canke igice gito, umurwi kanaka w’abantu ubahora ubwenegihugu, ubwoko, ibara ry’urukoba canke idini.
Ibi bikorwa ni:
- Ukwica canke uguhohotera bikomeye ku mubiri canke mu mutwe abanyagihugu b’umurwi kanaka
- Gushira n’ibigirankana uno murwi mu bibazo vy’ubuzima bishobora kuwuhonya, wose canke igice cawo
- Kuwufatira ingingo zifise intumbero yo kubuza imvyaro muri uno murwi
- Kwimurira ku nguvu abana b’uno murwi ukabatwara mu wundi
Israel ivuga iki kuri ibi birero vy’ihonyabwoko?
Israel iriyamiriza n’uburakari ivyo yagirizwa na Afrika y’Epfo.
Netanyahu avuga ati: "Oya Afrika y’Epfo we, si twebwe turiko turakora ihonyabwoko, ni Hamas.
“Iyaba yabishobora yari kuturimbura twese.
"Ahubwo, IDF [igisirikare ca Israel] iriko ikora mu bugwaneza uko bishoboka kwose".
Igisirikare ca Israel kivuga ko gifata ingingo zitari nke zo gukingira abasivire.
Muri izi harimwo:
- Inzandiko zikororwa n’indege zigabisha ibitero biba vyimirije
- Guhamagara abasivire ku materefone basabwa kuva mu mazu agomba aterwe
- Kwihoza ibitero bimwe bimwe mu gihe biboneka ko hari abasivire bashobora kugwa mu mporero
Kandi reta ya Israel ibandanya ivuga ko intumbero yayo ari ugusambura Hamas, atari guhonya abanyagihugu ba Palestina.
Umushikiranganji w’Ubwongereza ajejwe imigenderanire Lord Cameron yabwiye komite y’abashingamateka ko afise “ubwoba” ko Israel ishobora kuba yarahonyanze amategeko mpuzamakungu muri Gaza.
Ariko kuri ibi birego vya Afrika y’Epfo avuga ati: "Si nibaza ko ibi hari ico bifasha.
"Nta vyo nemera.
"Si nibaza ko ari ivy’ukuri".
None iyi sentare irashobora gutuma Israel ihagarika intambara?
Afrika y’Epfo ishaka ko CIJ itegeka Israel "guhagarika ubwo nyene" intambara kuri no kuri Gaza.
Ariko mu vy’ukuri birazwi ko Israel itazokwemera iri tegeko kandi ko idashobora guhatirwa kurikurikiza.
Mu nyandiko, ivyemezo bitegerezwa gukurikizwa nk’itegeko ku bihugu biri muri ino sentare – muri vyo harimwo Israel na Afrika y’Epfo – ariko mu ngiro, ntibishoboka.
Mu 2022, CIJ yarategetse Uburusiya "guhagarika ubwo nyene ibitero" muri Ukraine – ariko iri tegeko ryarabwe irarirari.
Ni ryari hazofatwa ingingo?
CIJ irashobora gufata ingingo idatevye ku bisabwa na Afrika y’Epfo ko Israel yohagarika ibitero.
Mu majambo gusa, ibi bishobora gukingira abanya-Palestina ku gishobora kuzoruhira kwitwa ihonyabwoko.
Ariko icemezo burundu c’uko Israel yoba iriko ikora ihonyabwoko gishobora kuzofata imyaka n’iyindi.
Kubera iki Afrika y’Epfo yitwaye?
Ahavuye isanamu, AFP
Afrika y’Epfpo isanzwe inegura cane ibitero vya gisirikare vya Israel muri Gaza.
Ivuga ko, nk’igihugu cateye igikumu ku masezerano ya ONU yo mu 1948 yo kurwanya ihonyabwoko, ari ngombwa ko igira ico ikoze.
Umugambwe ANC uri ku butegetsi nawo ufise kahise karekare ko gushigikira Abanya-Palestina mu rugamba rwabo rwo guharanira agateka kabo.
ANC ibona ko rusa n’urugamba rwayo rwo kurwanya apartheid – intwaro y’ikumira n’ivangura yashinzwe na reta y’inkehwa z’abazungu muri Afrika y’Epfo mu gutoteza abirabure nyamwinshi, gushika ku matora ya mbere ashingiye ku ntwaro rusangi mu 1994.
Iki gihugu cariyamirije ibitero vyo ku wa 7 Gitugutu congera gisaba ko abanyurujwe barekurwa.
Ariko mu kwezi guheze, Perezida Cyril Ramaphosa yabwiye abarongoye Abayahudi ba Afrika y’Epfo ko reta yiwe “yifatanije n’abayagihugu ba Palestina, bamaze imyaka irenga 70 bari mu mahano asa n’aya Apartheid… mu bitero vy’ubugome vyo kwigarurira ubutaka bwabo."
