Ethiopia: Birtukan Mideksa yahoze ari impfungwa ya poritike niwe arongoye umurwi w'amatora

Umukenyezi yigeze gupfungwa azira ivyiyumviro vya poritike mu nyuma agahungira muri Amerika, Birtukan Mideksa, ubu afise ikibanza gihambaye muri Ethiopia, aho ubu ari we arongoye umurwi ujejwe guhagararira amatora y'abashingamateka.

Niyo matora ya mbere kuva umushikiranganji wa mbere Abiy Ahmed ashitse ku butegetsi mu 2018 afise intumbero yo kurandurana n'imizi ubutegetsi bw'agahotoro bwari bumaze imyaka mirongo.

Igihe atanga izina ry'uyu mukenyezi Birtukan w'imyaka 47 muri kino kibanza gikomeye co kurongora uyu murwi, umushikiranganji wa mbere yavuze ko ari umuntu "atazigera ahengamira ku ruhande urwo ari rwo rwose, haba kuri reta".

Abenshi baramwizeye kuko yashoboye kumenyekana nk'intwari kandi yigenga mu vyiyumviro nk'umunyamategeko, umucamanza n'umunyaporitike.

Umupfasoni Birtukan yarahiganywe mu matora y'abashingamateka mu 2001 nk'uwigenga, ariko aratsindwa n'uwo bahiganwa wo mu runani rwari ku butegetsi Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF).

Ico gihe yaremeye ko yatsinzwe kubera atari azwi cane, atari kubera ubusuma.

Mu nyuma yaje kuba umucamanza, maze aza kumenyekana mu gihugu haciye umwaka igihe yanka ko abanyaporitike bivanga mu bikorwa vy'ubutungane, ategeka ko uwahoze ari umushikiranganji wo kwivuna abansi, Siye Abraha arekurwa.

Siye yari yapfunzwe yagirizwa kurya ibiturire, ariko abenshi babona ko yari intumbero yo kumuzivya kubera yaboneka ko yari ahanganye bikomeye n'uwari umushikiranganji wa mbere ico gihe, Meles Zenawi.

Umwe mu bagenzi biwe atashatse ko izina ryiwe rimenyekana avuga ati: "Urubanza rwa Siyes ni rwo ruboneka cane. Ariko Birtukan n'abandi bacamanza bose baragerageje kurwanya ubutegetsi binyegeje mu gihe gito".

Nk'umwe mu baharanira ihinduka, umukenyezi Birtukan yahavuye asubira muri poritike, akaba yaragize uruhara rukomeye mw'ishingwa ry'urunani rwo guharanira ubumwe n'intwaro rusangi (Coalition for Unity and Democracy, CUD).

Rwashinzwe mu ntumbero yo guhangana n'urunani EPRDF mu matora y'abashingamateka yo mu 2005, yabayemwo impari nyinshi mu mateka ya Ethiopia, aho abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bavuze ko banyazwe intsinzi.

Nk'umwe mu bategetsi bakuru ba CUD, uwo mupfasoni yari mu baronderwa cane n'inzego z'umutekano, akaba yabaye umwe mu bantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bapfunzwe mu ruhigi rwakurikiye amatora. Abantu hafi 200 barishwe n'igiporisi.

Umwe mu bagenzi biwe yamusabiye urwo gupfa

Akarwi ko mu kinyegero kashinzwe na CUD karatujijwe, ariko aho bari mw'ibohero, abari bakarongoye - harimwo umupfasoni Birtukan - barashoboye kugasanasana, maze bakita Kinjit International Council (KIC), kugira ngo barabe ko boshigikirwa mu rugamba rwa dempokarasi.

Mu 2006, umupfasoni Birtukan ni umwe mu bari bapfunzwe - harimwo n'uwurongoye umurwi w'igihugu ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu muri Ethiopia muri kino gihe, Daniel Bekele - bakaba bagirijwe ivyaha bitandukanye, harimwo guhemukira igihugu.

Ikintu catangaje, umwe mu bashikirizamanza yamenyekanye kw'izina rya Shimels Kemal - umugenzi w'umupfasoni Birtukan mbere yaba mu nzu imwe na Daniel - yarabahemukiye asaba umucamanza ko yobacira urwo gupfa.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye n'igisata ca BBC mu rurimi rwa Amharic, umwe mu bagenzi babo yari abazi cane, yavuze ati: "Iri ryari ibara ku mutemere"

"Shimels ntiyoroheje ibintu na gato. yaravangatiranije poritike n'inyungu ziwe bwite. Yumvise ko ahemukiwe na bagenzibe bamaze gufata iyindi nzira ya poritike".

Umucamanza yaranse kubacira urwo gupfa, ahubwo abacira umunyororo wo guherayo.

Ahatiwe guta akana kiwe k'agakobwa akagasiga mu minwe ya nyina wiwe yari ashaje, umupfasoni Birtukan yagiye gupfungwa umunyororo w'ubuzima bwiwe bwose mw'ibohero rizwi cane rya Kaliti.

Ico gihe, yabaye umuhuza hagati y'amashami ya CUD yankana urunuka, inyuma y'ugucanamwo gukomeye kwadutse hagati y'abarongoye urunani.

Umugenzi wa Birtukan ati: "Ntiyatoreye umuti ikibazo cari cadutse ariko bashoboye gushinga akandi karwi ko mu kinyegero katanguriye ku busa, kandi bigenza neza".

Ari mw'ibohero, yabaye umwe mu bapfungwa bagiye mu biganiro mu murwi w'abahumure bagiriranira amasezerano na reta.

Aya masezerano yatumye ashobora kurekurwa mu 2007 inyuma y'amezi 18 apfunzwe, akaba yabaye umwe mu bateye igikumu ku rwandiko bicuza "amakosa", banasaba imbabazi umushikiranganji wa mbere Meles Zenawi.

Iyi ngingo yateye icuka kibi mu batavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, ariko wewe akaba yaragerageje kwerekana ko uru rwandiko ataco rwari ruvuze, hari mw'ijambo yashikirije igihe yari mu rugendo mu mahanga.

Umukuru w'igiporisi ico gihe, Wokneh Gebeyehu - ubu akaba ari umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w'ishirahamwe ry'akarere IGAD - yamutegetse gusaba imbabazi, amwagiriza ko yahonyanze ivyo yiyemeje kugira ngo agirirwe ikigongwe.

Umupfasoni Birtukan yararahiye ararengwa, maze mu gihe ca Noel yo mu 2008, aca asubizwa mw'ibohero kugira abandanye umunyororo wiwe wo guherayo.

Mu nkuru yanditswe mu kinyamakuru co muri Ethiopia Addis Neger haciye akanya gato asubiye guhagarikwa, kandi hakiri impari ku ngingo yiwe yo gusaba imbabazi, yanditse amajambo akomeye, ati:

"Kumbure iri rishobora kuba ari ijambo ryanje rya nyuma. Narateye igikumu kuri rurya rwandiko. Uko ni ukuri ntashobora guhindura, n'aho noba ndabishaka.

Amategeko mashasha ajanye n'ipfungwa ryiwe yari akomeye cane, aho mbere yapfungiwe mu cumba ca wenyene mu kiringo c'amezi abiri, yimwa mbere n'uburenganzira bwo kubonana n'umwana wiwe.

Mu guhungira muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika

Ibi vyatumye abantu bamugirira impuhwe, Amnesty International imwita impfungwa y'umutimanama, mbere n'ikinyamakuru Mail & Guardian co muri Afrika y'Epfo kivuga ko yari impfungwa ya poritike izwi cane ya Ethiopia.

Mu kwa cumi 2010, umupfasoni Birtukan yarongeye ararekurwa abanje kuja mu bindi biganiro vyo gusaba imbabazi.

Amaze gupfungurwa, we n'umukobwa wiwe baciye baja mu buhungiro muri Amerika, aho yize kw'ishure Harvard Kennedy School hanyuma aja gukora mw'ishirahamwe National Endowment for Democracy (NED), ishirahamwe ryo muri Amerika rivuga ko rishigikira demokarasi kw'isi.

Yasubiye muri Ethiopia inyuma y'aho Abiy ashikiye ku butegetsi, yemereye abanyagihugu ko agiye kurangiza imyaka y'ubutegetsi bw'agahotoro.

Ariko, umunezero kw'igenwa ryiwe wagiye ugabanuka uko imisi yagenda.

Inyuma y'ukwunguruzwa incuro zitari nke, aya matora agiye akorwa kuri uyu wa mbere, n'aho imigambwe imwe imwe itavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi ikomeye yanse kuyitabira, ikavuga ko ibisabwa kugira ngo habe amatora meza kandi mu bwisanzure atabiriho.

Mu banegura umupfasoni Birtukan harimwo umwigisha wa kaminuza, Prof. Merera Gudina amuzi mu kiringo c'imyaka 21. Arongoye umugambwe Oromo Federalist Congress (OFC) wanse kwitabira ayo matora.

Ati: "Mu matora y'imbere y'aha, ntitwigeze tubona ibiro vy'amatora bitemewe n'amategeko canke aho vyanka ko umukandida yiyandikisha mu ntara iwe".

Yongerako ati: "Kubera OFC hamwe n'uwundi mugambwe yanse kuja mu matora mu ntara ya Oromia, bigafatanya n'intambara ibandanya mu karere ka Tigray hanyuma mu bice bimwe bimwe vy'intara ya Somali amatora akigizwa inyuma, amatora ahanini aba mu ntara ya Amhara hamwe no [ku mugwa mukuru] Addis Ababa".

Ariko kubwa Mesenbet Assefa, umwigisha kuri kaminuza ya Addis Ababa, umupfasoni Birtukan yarakoze igikorwa ciza.

Ati: "Ingorane ntiziri ku kungene umurwi w'amatora utunganijwe canke kuri reta. Ni ngobmwa ko imigambwe ikora ibisabwa na demokarasi - bakirinda imvugo iturira mu bikorwa vyabo - bakirinda gukoresha inkoho mu kurondera gukuraho ubutegetsi". "

Umupfasoni Birtukan we nyene ubwiwe abandanya kwitanga mu guharanira ivyo abanyagihugu biteze muri aya matora.

Mw'ikete yandikiye inama nkenguzamateka ya Amerika mu kwa gatanu, yaragabishije ko "utunenge tudashobora kubura kubera ibituma bitari bike afatiye .... ku kuntu umuco wa demokarasi ukiri ku rugero rwo hasi n'ibibazo vya poritike n'umutekano bigenda vyiyongera".