Polymers - OCRIterative design

Most polymers are manufactured and are designed by chemical engineers. Most are made using non-renewable crude oil. Difficulties around disposal mean there is a drive to reduce the use of plastics.

Part ofDesign and TechnologyIn-depth technical principles

Iterative design

The iterative process in design

Producing iterative models

Designers typically work through an process, starting by producing early models or to test different aspects of their design.

Diagram illustrating the cyclic iterative design process starting with a brief, to analysis, design ideas, modelling, testing, evaluating and modification.
Figure caption,
The iterative design process

A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product, built to test a concept or process or to act as something to be replicated or learned from. Early prototypes may be used to test the design’s appearance, functionality or for production or as . Their purpose is to facilitate quick testing, analysis and improvement through iterative changes. James Dyson famously made 5,127 prototypes before he successfully made his concept ready for manufacture.

There are many ways to produce a prototype - some are rough and look like models and others are well finished and function as intended. It is now possible to many different polymers. Engineering companies have welcomed this technology as 3D printing is classed as , rather than subtractive. Additive manufacture builds up the polymer form in layers, whereas takes material away from a larger piece. There is very little waste when using additive techniques, making it more environmentally friendly.

Additive and subtractive manufacturing shown alongside each other. In additive, material is added to create a shape whereas in subtractive it is taken away from a larger piece, leaving waste.

There are many 3D printer to choose from - some polymer-based filaments contain carbon fibre, different wood fibres and even metals. It is possible to make a functioning prototype with these technical filaments.