In-depth technical principles

Paper is made from wood pulp or recycled material. It may be used in packaging, drawing and sketching, or model making.

Hardwood and softwood are types of timber that come from many different trees. Manufactured boards such as MDF and plywood are man-made.

Metals come from an ore that is mined from the ground. Metals can be used for all methods of production, from bespoke pieces of jewellery to mass-produced cars.

Most polymers are manufactured and are designed by chemical engineers. Most are made using non-renewable crude oil. Difficulties around disposal mean there is a drive to reduce the use of plastics.

Textiles are made from fibres, classified as either natural or manufactured. Fibres are twisted into yarns before being made into woven, knitted or bonded fabrics.

Design engineering is the study of problem solving by ‘traditional’ engineering and design. It applies an understanding of materials, creative design thinking and manufacturing techniques.